Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T19:02:19.985Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

An existential perspective on the psychological function of shamans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 April 2018

Simon Schindler
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Kassel, 34127 Kassel, Germany. [email protected]://www.uni-kassel.de/fb01/institute/psychologie/sozialpsychologie/dr-simon-schindler.html
Jeff Greenberg
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721. [email protected]://psychology.arizona.edu/users/jeff-greenberg
Stefan Pfattheicher
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany. [email protected]://www.uni-ulm.de/en/in/psy-soz/team/stefan-pfattheicher/

Abstract

Shamans deal with events that involve the threat of death. They help buffer death anxiety because, through their claimed supernatural abilities, they can provide both hope for averting death and evidence for existence of a spirit world offering continuance beyond death. Thus, managing the threat of mortality probably played a major role in the development and maintenance of shamanism.

Type
Open Peer Commentary
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Becker, E. (1973) The denial of death. The Free Press.Google Scholar
Dechesne, M., Pyszczynski, T., Arndt, J., Ransom, S., Sheldon, K. M., van Knippenberg, A. & Janssen, J. (2003) Literal and symbolic immortality: The effect of evidence of literal immortality on self-esteem striving in response to mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 84:722–37.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., Pyszczynski, T. & Solomon, S. (1986) The causes and consequences of a need for self-esteem: A terror management theory. In: Public self and private self, ed. Baumeister, R. F., pp. 189212. Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Greenberg, J., Vail, K. & Pyszczynski, T. (2014) Terror management theory and research: How the desire for death transcendence drives our strivings for meaning and significance. Advances in Motivation Science 1:85134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonas, E. & Fischer, P. (2006) Terror management and religion: Evidence through intrinsic religiousness, mitigated worldview defense after mortality salience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 91:553–67.Google Scholar
Norenzayan, A. & Hansen, I. G. (2006) Belief in supernatural agents in the face of death. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 32:174–87.Google Scholar
Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S. & Greenberg, J. (2015) Thirty years of terror management theory: From genesis to revelation. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 52:270.Google Scholar
Schimel, J., Hayes, J., Williams, T. J. & Jahrig, J. (2007) Is death really the worm at the core? Converging evidence that worldview threat increases death-thought accessibility. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92:789803.Google Scholar
Schindler, S., Reinhard, M.-A. & Stahlberg, D. (2013) Tit for tat in the face of death: The effect of mortality salience on reciprocal behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 49:8792.Google Scholar
Solomon, S., Greenberg, J. & Pyszczynski, T. (2015) The worm at the core: On the role of death in life. Random House.Google Scholar
Solomon, S., Greenberg, J., Schimel, J., Arndt, J. & Pyszczynski, T. (2004) Human awareness of mortality and the evolution of culture. In: The psychological foundations of culture, ed. Schaller, M. & Crandall, C., pp. 1540. Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Vail, K. E., Arndt, J. & Abdollahi, A. (2012) Exploring the existential function of religion and supernatural agent beliefs among Christians, Muslims, atheists, and agnostics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 38:1288–300.Google Scholar
Vail, K. E., Rothschild, Z. K., Weise, D., Solomon, S., Pyszczynski, T. & Greenberg, J. (2010) A terror management analysis of the psychological functions of religion. Personality and Social Psychology Review 14:8494.Google Scholar