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The Migration of Galician Jews to Vienna, 1857–1880

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 February 2009

Anton G. Rabinbach
Anton G. Rabinbach
Affiliation:
Hampshire College
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Extract

Between 1857 and 1900 the Jewish population of Vienna grew from 6,000 to more than 146,000 as a result of the mass migration of Jews from the eastern provinces of the Austro-Hungarian empire to the capital. The largest source of the migration was Galicia, with a vast Jewish population that increased from 448,973 in 1857 to 811,183 at the turn of the century. In 1857 alone, at the outset of the migrations, some 2,000 persons left Galicia, marking the first gradual decline in the high proportion of Jews living in the part of the empire which lay within the eastern European pale of Jewish settlement. Arriving at an estimated rate of 20,000 to 30,000 per decade, these Galician Jews flowed into Vienna's second district, Leopoldstadt, and produced a shift both in the ethnic demography of the city and in that of the empire. Expansion of the Jewish population of Vienna from 1.3 percent of the population in 1857 to 12 percent by 1890 profoundly influenced the social, cultural, and political life of the Austrian capital.

Type
Economic and Social History
Information
Austrian History Yearbook , Volume 11 , January 1975 , pp. 43 - 54
Copyright
Copyright © Center for Austrian Studies, University of Minnesota 1975

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References

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16 Percentage of the population of the enlarged city.

17 See Table I. See also Schimmer, , Die Juden in Oesierreich, p. 8Google Scholar.

18 Rosenfeld, “Die jüdische Bevölkerung Galiziens von 1772–1867,” p. 140.

19 See Table III.

20 See Table IV. See also Schimmer, Die Juden in Oesierreich, p. 4.

21 See Table IV.

22 Buzek, “Das Auswanderungsproblem in Oesterreich,” p. 492; Schimmer, Die Juden in Oesierreich, p. 8.

23 This table is based on information given in Buzek, “Das Auswanderungsproblem in Oesterreich,” p. 492; and Rosenfeld, “Diejüdische Bevölkerung Galiziensvon 1772–1867,” pp. 140 and 142.

24 Buzek, “Das Auswanderungsproblem in Oesterreich,” p. 450.

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28 Ibid., p. 144.

29 Prior to 1848 the Galician cities of Lemberg and Tarnopol had some of the highest persons to house ratios in the empire, averaging 17 and 23 persons per house, respectively. See Rosenbusch, Max, “Zur Statistik der Wohnungsfrage in den Judenvierteln Oesterreichs vor der Revolution,” Zeitschrift für Demographie und Statistik der Juden, Vol. IX, No. 12 (December, 1913), p. 177.Google Scholar

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36 For a graphic description of the cholera epidemic in Brody, see Wiener Mittheilungen. Zeitschrift für Israelitische Cultur-Zustände, August 13, 1855, p. 132.

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39 Rosenfeld, , “Die jüdische Bevölkerung in den Städten Galiziens 1881–1910,” p. 20.Google Scholar

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44 Joseph, , Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910, pp. 78 and 79Google Scholar.

45 Fleischer, Enquête über die Lage der jüdischen Bevölkerung Galiziens, in Nossig, “Arbeiten der ‘Oesterreichisch-Israelitischen Union’ und das ‘Galizischen Hilfsvereins,’”p. 218.

46 Korkis, , “Zur Bewegung der jüdischen Bevölkerung in Galizien,” p. 313Google Scholar.

47 Ibid., p. 314.

48 Joseph, , Jewish Immigration to the United States from 1881 to 1910. p. 169Google Scholar.

49 Tartakower, , “Jewish Migratory Movements in Austria,” p. 287.Google Scholar