Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T01:33:18.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Adult learning, circumstantial activism and ecological habitus in the coal seam gas protests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 November 2020

Tracey Ollis*
Affiliation:
School of Education, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper outlines adult learning in the space of an important campaign against mining for coal seam gas (CSG). Recently, the government of Victoria became the first state to ban fracking for CSG in Australia. This significant legislative outcome could not have been achieved without the concerted campaigning of activists through the Lock the Gate Alliance (LTGA), in Central Gippsland. The campaign is mainly composed of circumstantial activists who have come together due to the serious threat from fracking to the quality of their land and water supply. This case study research examines adult learning in the field of a campaign. The findings from this research make clear activists learn to think critically about the environment and the impact of fracking for CSG. They learn communication skills, group work and networking skills. They develop a feel for the game of activism by learning informally through socialisation with experienced activists from the LTGA and the Environmental Non-Government Organisation Friends of the Earth (FOE). In turn, FOE resource the coalition and provide opportunities for both informal learning and nonformal learning to the protestors. Drawing on Bourdieu’s writing on practice, this paper outlines practices within the LTGA field that are influential in the knowledge and skill development of the activists.

Type
Research/Practice Article
Copyright
© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Beckett, D., & Hager, P. (2002). Life, work, and learning: Practice and postmodernity. London, New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1977). Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge, UK; New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1984). Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste (Nice, R., Trans.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice (Nice, R., Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1998). Practical reason (Press, P., Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Branagan, M. (2007). The last laugh: Humour in community activism. Community Development Journal, 42(4), 470481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Branagan, M., & Boughton, B. (2003). How do you learn to change the world? Learning and Teaching in Australian Protest Movements. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 43(3), 346360.Google Scholar
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3, 77106.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, S. (2000). The education and training needs of environmental activists and organizers, Thesis. New York, NY: University of New England.Google Scholar
Choudry, A. (2015). Learning activism. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Choudry, A. (2018). Reflection on knowledge learning and social movement history schools. Abingdon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Clough, P., & Nutbrown, C. (2007). A students guide to methodology, justifying enquiry (2nd ed.). London, UK: Sage.Google Scholar
Clover, D. (2003). Adult education: Critique and creativity in a globalising world. New Directions for Adult & Continuing Education, 99(Fall), Wiley Periodicals.Google Scholar
Crossley, N. (2002). Making sense of social movements. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.Google Scholar
Crossley, N. (2003). From reproduction to transformation: Social movement fields and the radical habitus. Theory, Culture & Society (SAGE, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi), 20(6), 4368.Google Scholar
Crowther, J., Martin, I., & Galloway, V. (2005). Popular education: Engaging the academy: International perspectives. Leicester, UK: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (England and Wales), NIACE.Google Scholar
Drew, L. (2015). Embodied learning processes in social action. The Canadian Journal for the Study of Education, 27(1).Google Scholar
Earl, C. (2005). An exploration of popular education from occupy! London to the university: Making hope possible in the face of neoliberal enclosure? (Dissertation). Milton Park, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Earl, C. (2018). Spaces of political pedagogy: Occupy! and other radical experiments in adult learning. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Flowers, R., & Chodkiewicz, A. (2009). Developing a more rtesearch-oriented and participant-directed learning culture in the Australian Environmental movement. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 49(2), 294317.Google Scholar
Foley, G. (1999). Learning in social action: A contribution to understanding informal education. New York, NY: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Foley, G. (2001). Radical adult education and Learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education, 20(1/2), 7188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freire, P. (1972). Pedagogy of the oppressed. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, UK: Penguin.Google Scholar
Freire, P. (1998). Teachers as cultural workers: Letters to those who dare teach. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.Google Scholar
Goldman, D., Pe’re, S., & Yavetz, B. (2015). Environmental literacy of youth movement members – Is environmentalism a component of their social activism? Environmental Education Research, 23(27), 129. doi: 10.1080/13504622.2015.1108390 Google Scholar
Gould, D. (2004). Passionate political processes: Bringing emotions back into the study of social movements. In Jasper, J.M. & Goodwin, J. (Eds.), Rethinking social movements: Structure, meaning, and emotion, Lanham, MD; Oxford, (pp. 155172). Lanham, MD, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Hall, B. (2009). A river of life: Learning and environmental social movements. Interface: A Journal for and About Social Movements, 1(1), 4678.Google Scholar
Hamawand, I., Yusaf, T., & Hamawand, S. (2013). Coal seam gas and associated water: A review paper. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 550560. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.02.030 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harrison, H., Birks, M., Franklin, R., & Mills, J. (2017). Case study research: Foundations and methodological orientations. Forums - Qualitative Social Research, 18(Art 19, January).Google Scholar
Heidermann, K. (2019). Close, yet so far apart: Bridging social movement theory with popular education. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 59(November, 2019).Google Scholar
Hutton, D. (2012). Lock the Gate unites cockies, blockies, croppers and greenies. Chain Reaction, 115, 1617.Google Scholar
Ife, J. (2002). Community development: Creating community alternatives in an age of globalisation (2nd ed.). Sydney, Australia: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Jarvis, P. (2009). Learning to be a person in society. Milton, Park, Oxon, UK: Routledge.Google Scholar
Jasper, J. (2009). The emotions of protest. In The social movements reader cases and concepts (2nd ed.). West Sussex, UK: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Jasper, J., & Goodwin, J. (2004). Rethinking social movements: Structure, meaning, and emotion. Lanham, MD, Oxford: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.Google Scholar
Jesson, J., & Newman, M. (2004). Radical adult education and learning. In Foley, G. (Ed.), Dimensions of adult learning: Adult education and training in a global era. NSW, Australia: Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Kahn, R. (2010). Critical pedagogy, ecoliteracy, and planetary crisis: The ecopedagogy movement. (Vol. 359). New York, NY: Peter Lang Publishers.Google Scholar
Kopnina, H. (2014). Future scenarios and environmental education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 45(4), 217231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larraine, L., & Whitehouse, H. (2019). Nannagogy: Social movement learning for older women’s activism in the gas fields of Australia. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 59(1), 2752.Google Scholar
Larrie, L., & Newlands, M. (2017). Knitting Nannas and Frackman: A gender analysis of Australian anti-coal seam gas documentaries (CSG) and implications for environmental adult education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 48(1), 3545.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation. USA: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, D., Luke, H., & Boyd, W.E. (2013). Community perspectives on natural resources extraction: coal-seam gas mining and social identity in Eastern Australia. Coolabah, 10, 144.Google Scholar
Loadenthal, M. (2013). The earth liberation front: A social movement analysis. Radical Crimonology, 2, 1545.Google Scholar
Lowen-Troudeau, G., & Niblett, B. (2017). Activism and environmental education. Canadian Journal of Environmental Education, 22, 510.Google Scholar
LTGA (2019) Lock the gate alliance. Retrieved from https://www.lockthegate.org.au/ Google Scholar
Marriam, S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.Google Scholar
Mayo, M., & Thompson, J. (Eds.). (1995). Adult learning, critical intelligence and social change. Leicester, UK: The National Organisation for Adult learning.Google Scholar
Newman, M. (1994). Defining the enemy: Adult education and social action. Australia: Stewart Victor publishing.Google Scholar
Newman, M. (2006). Teaching defiance - Stories and strategies for activist educators, a book written in wartime. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Nillan, P. (2017). The ecological habitus of Indonesian student environmentalism. Environmental Society, 4, 111.Google Scholar
Ollis, T. (2011). Learning in Social Action: The informal and social learning dimensions of circumstantial and lifelong activists. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 51(2), 248268.Google Scholar
Ollis, T. (2012). A critical pedagogy of embodied education: Learning to become an activist (1st ed.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ollis, T. (2020). Adult learning and circumstantial activism in the coal seam gas protests: Informal and incidental learning in an environmental justice movement. Studies in the Education of Adults, 52(2), 117. doi: 10.1080/02660830.2020.1750828 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ollis, T., & Hamel-Green, M. (2015). Adult education and radical habitus in an environmental campaign: Learning in the coal seam gas protests in Australia. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 55(2), 202219.Google Scholar
Ranson-Cooper, H., Ercan, S.A., & Duus, S. (2018). When anger meets joy: How emotions mobilise and sustain the anti-coal seam gas movement in regional Australia. Social Movement Studies, 17(6), 635657. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2018.1515624 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stake, R. (2003). Case studies. In Denzin, N.K. & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), Strategies of qualitative inquiry (2nd ed.). California: Sage Publications Inc.Google Scholar
Stake, R. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. New York, NY: The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Swain, A. (2005). Education as social action: Knowledge, identity, and power. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vygotskii, L.S., & Cole, M. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Walter, P. (2012). Cultural Codes as Catalysts for collective conscientisation in environmental adult education: Mr Floatie, tree squatting and Save-our-Surfers. Australian Journal of Adult Learning, 52(1), 114133.Google Scholar
Whelan, J. (2005). Popular education for the environment: Building interest in the educational dimension of social action. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 21, 117128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Willow, A.J. (2014). The new politics of environmental degredation: Un/expected landscapes of disempowerment and vulnerability. Journal of political Ecology, 21, 237257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yin, R. (2012). Applications of case study research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.Google Scholar