VII. Remarks on the Antiquity and the different Modes of Brick and Stone Buildings in England. By Mr. James Essex of Cambridge

James Essex

doi:10.1017/S0261340900023547

VII. Remarks on the Antiquity and the different Modes of Brick and Stone Buildings in England. By Mr. James Essex of Cambridge

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2012

James Essex

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Though Britain contains within itself all the materials necessary for building, it is probable the ancient inhabitants lived in holes and caverns of rocks, or formed themselves huts, which they covered with turf supported by branches of trees bound together with twigs of ozier. In after-ages, when commerce brought the Phoenicians and other civilized nations acquainted with them, they learned from those strangers many useful arts. But their habitations, according to Caesar, were in his time little improved, their towns were only a confused parcel of huts, placed at a little distance from each other, without order or distinction of streets; they generally stood in the middle of a wood, the avenues whereof were defended with slight ramparts of earth, or with trees that had been felled to clear the ground.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 4 , 1777 , pp. 73 - 109

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900023547 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1777

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^{page 74 note [a]} History of Manchester.

^{page 75 note [b]} Lib. i. ch. v.

^{page 76 note [c]} History of Manchester.

^{page 76 note [d]} Appendix to the History of Manchester.

^{page 77 note [e]} History of Manchester.

^{page 77 note [f]} Lib. iii. c. v.

^{page 77 note [g]} History of Manchester.

^{page 77 note [h]} The church of Croyland abbey in Lincolnshire, built in the year 716, was founded on piles.

^{page 80 note [i]} Archaeologia, vol. i. p. 39.

^{page 81 note [k]} Drake's History of York. It was his lordship's opinion, that the arch of Mickle-gate was either Roman, or built since Inigo Jones's time.

^{page 82 note *} See Pl. III. fig. ii.

^{page 83 note [l]} As in Pl. III. fig. ii.

^{page 84 note [m]} L. iii. c. 6.

^{page 84 note [n]} Est autem in Hispania ulteriore Calentum, & in Galliis Massilia, in Asia Pitane, ubi lateres cum sunt ducti & arefacti, projecti natant in aqua. Vitr. l. ii. cap. 3.

^{page 84 note [o]} Elements of architecture.

^{page 85 note [p]} Vitr. l. ii. cap. 3.

^{page 85 note [q]} Non secto lapide, vel latere & caemento (Bede Vita S. Cudbercti cap. 17.).

^{page 89 note [r]} See Archaeologia, vol. ii. p. 177.

^{page 90 note [s]} History of Manchester, p. 357.

^{page 90 note [t]} When the Flemish bricks were adopted, they introduced the Flemish manner of building with high gable-ends arising with steps, and finished with something like a chimney ornamented with bricks moulded in various forms, and sometimes curiously put together.

^{page 94 note [u]} All small stones used for this purpose, whether pebbles, flints, or ragstones, come under the denomination of cement; and the workmen who were employed in building walls with these materials were called cœmentarii.

^{page 96 note [w]} See pl. iii. Fig. 1.

^{page 96 note [x]} Dr. Stukeley says, the chapel in Colchester castle, and the Tower of were both built about the time of Constantine. Account of Stone-Henge, p. 8.

^{page 97 note [y]} Fig. 2.

^{page 97 note [z]} Fig. 3.

^{page 97 note [a]} Fig. 4.

^{page 98 note [b]} Fig. 5.

^{page 98 note [c]} L. iv. c. 4.

^{page 98 note [d]} L. vi. c. 10.

^{page 99 note [e]} L. i. c. 9.

^{page 99 note [f]} Qua etiam nostri rustici utuntur. Vit. l. ii. c. 8.

^{page 99 note [g]} Quo nunc omnes utuntur. Vit. l. ii. c. 8.

^{page 99 note [h]} Fig. 6.

^{page 100 note [i]} Some of the walls of Rome built in this manner.

^{page 100 note [k]} Fig. 7.

^{page 100 note [l]} Fig. 8.

^{page 101 note [m]} Fig. 9.

^{page 101 note [n]} Fig. 10.

^{page 103 note [o]} Hist. Eccles. L. v. c. 21. By architects, he means persons well skilled in the art of working in stone, or master masons. By the Saxons they were called heah .—and afterwards Free Masons from the French Eranc Maçon.

^{page 105 note [p]} Locellum de marmore albo pulcherrime factum. H. E. L. iv. c. 19.

^{page 105 note [q]} Lib. i. p. 8.

^{page 105 note [r]} The pillars however were not marble: for Gervais speaking of that and the present choir says, Ibi columpna nulla marmorea hic innumerae.

^{page 109 note [s]} Vit. L. i. c. 2.

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VII. Remarks on the Antiquity and the different Modes of Brick and Stone Buildings in England. By Mr. James Essex of Cambridge

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