VII.—Excavations at Kusura near Afyon Karahisar: II

Winifred Lamb

doi:10.1017/S0261340900010547

VII.—Excavations at Kusura near Afyon Karahisar: II

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 July 2011

Winifred Lamb

Article contents

Extract
References

Get access

Extract

At the outset of the 1937 excavations, we had certain main objects in view. The most important, since it affected the history of Anatolia as a whole, was to decide what culture was represented by our third and latest period, called C. The particulars wherein C differed from the preceding periods, B and A, were obvious: during B, which may have come to an end in the twentieth century, the settlement clearly belonged to the ‘west Anatolian group’, known from Troy, Lesbos, Yortan, and the Pisidian sites; A could be regarded as an earlier stage of B, not yet modified by western influence (see p. 237, below); C, however, seemed hard to parallel. The acquisition of fresh material, and a careful study of the collections in the museums at Ankara and Istanbul has now enabled us to recognize C as Hittite in the wide sense of the term used by archaeologists to-day. The C pottery has many points in common with the monochrome Hittite wares of Alişar II, Alaca Hüyük, Haşhüyük and even Bogazköy, while the smaller antiquities from C and Alişar II are much closer than was previously supposed. That Kusura should display local peculiarities is not surprising, when we consider its distance from the larger Hittite centres.

Type: Research Article
Information: Archaeologia , Volume 87 , 1938 , pp. 217 - 273

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0261340900010547 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society of Antiquaries of London 1938

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

^{page 217 note 1} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 4.

^{page 219 note 1} The part of area V dug to virgin soil was in the middle of the area, and does not, therefore, appear on all the sections of the sides of this area in pl. LXXIX.

^{page 219 note 2} For the artificial datum at 100 m., near the top of the mound, and the actual heights above sealevel, see Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 3, note 1.

^{page 219 note 3} The wood is being examined by Miss Bancroft.

^{page 220 note 1} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 6–8.

^{page 220 note 2} Rooms 5 and 8b have not been dug below 92·40 m., so low floors have not been recorded in either.

^{page 223 note 1} O.I.P., xix, 102.

^{page 224 note 1} Op. cit., 36.

^{page 225 note 1} Shown in fig. 3 as an excrescence of the wall.

^{page 225 note 2} It is, however, significant that a fragmentary idol was found in room 7 at 93·2 m.: see p. 268.

^{page 228 note 1} The human remains have been submitted to Dr. Şevket Aziz Kansu, who has kindly undertaken to examine them.

^{page 230 note 1} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, IIff.

^{page 232 note 1} For remains of walls outside the fortified area, see p. 230.

^{page 232 note 2} Two sockets, one above the other, at 100·67 and 100·86 m. have been marked ⊗ on fig. 6.

^{page 232 note 3} Wall B and the buttress have been marked on fig. 6 as belonging to this period because they were later than A and earlier than the third stage: see above.

^{page 232 note 4} The stretch of masonry marked 101·56, parallel with the east end of wall Y, is merely the top courses of the wall slipped forward.

^{page 234 note 1} These walls, the east end of wall X and the lower part of the east end of wall Y, are marked as period 3 on fig. 6. It is possible that they belonged to a period intermediate between periods 2 and 3, but to avoid confusion this has not been indicated.

^{page 234 note 2} Bittel, Die Ruinen von Bogazköy, 13, 25; Puchstein, Boghasköi, Die Bauwerke, 42 ff. Here the space between the walls was strengthened by cross walls forming interior compartments.

^{page 234 note 3} O.I.P., xxviii, 214; xxix, 4, 290–2.

^{page 234 note 4} Woolley, Report on the Excavations at Jerablus on behalf of the British Museum, Part II: The Town Defences, 46.

^{page 234 note 5} Excavations at Phylakopi in Melos, 31 (Hellenic Society, Supplementary Papers, No. 4).

^{page 235 note 1} O.I.P., xxix, 290–2.

^{page 235 note 2} Bittel, op. cit., 13, 14, 25–7, 30, 32; Puchstein, op. cit., 39 ff. Compare also Excavations at Phylakopi, 30, fig. 15; 33.

^{page 235 note 3} Thermi, 44–7.

^{page 236 note 1} These began in period A: cf. Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 15.

^{page 236 note 2} B.M. Cat., i, part 1, pl. I; Thermi, pls. VIII, 140; XXXV, 115.

^{page 236 note 3} B.M. Cat., i, part 1, A 55; Thermi, pl. VIII, 284.

^{page 236 note 4} B.M. Cat., part 1, pl. I.

^{page 236 note 5} Compare O.I.P., xxviii, fig. 168, d2763 with S.S. 722, and Archaeologia, lxxxvi, pl. VII, 5.

^{page 236 note 6} O.I.P., xxviii, fig. 166.

^{page 236 note 7} Op. cit., loc. cit., nos. 2 and 7; fig. 75, e 1617; fig. 76, c 1509.

^{page 236 note 8} Op. cit., 152, pl. III, 1, 2.

^{page 236 note 9} I have examined this material at Ankara. The new excavations at Alaca Hüyük are published in Belleten, i, 181 ff.; further reports and illustrations in La Turquie Kamaliste, XV, 2–8, and Illustrated London News, 9 April, 1938. The short notices which have appeared on the Haşhüyük finds are recorded on p. 127 of P.F.K.

^{page 237 note 1} Türk Tarih, ii, 3 ff.; P.F.K., 60–1, 72–4. Some of the Ahlathbel bowls are very like specimens from Kusura: Türk Tarih, ii, 12 ff.

^{page 237 note 2} The vases found in the cemetery during 1936 are believed to belong to period A: see Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 16, 58, 59. Several of those on op. cit., pl. X, recall cups and jugs from Alişar 1; in particular O.I.P., xxviii, fig. 170, c915, d2828, e 1440, and fig. 171, c754.

^{page 237 note 3} P.F.K., 68, pls. XII, 1, 2, XVII; O.I.P., xxx, 425; the example from Mersin was reported in a lecture by Professor Garstang.

^{page 237 note 4} A.J.A., xxxix, 8, 557, 561, 562; xli, 21.

^{page 237 note 5} References, Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 4.

^{page 238 note 1} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 11.

^{page 240 note 1} BK.K. and O.I.P., xxviii–xxx.

^{page 240 note 2} At Ankara. Unpublished.

^{page 251 note 1} See Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 28, 29; Thermi, 149 ff.; and P.F.K., 74–5 for references.

^{page 252 note 1} O.I.P., xix, 137, fig. 173; xxix, fig. 231, c677, fig. 232, e898, and examples on figs. 233–5.

^{page 252 note 2} P.F.K., 41, 74; O.I.P., xix, 55, 140, and figs. 174, 175; xxviii, 80, 81, 180–183; xxix, 193, 198–202; Türk Tarih, ii, 87; Belleten, i, fig. 18; S.S., 7644–9; BK.K., 18.

^{page 253 note 1} O.I.P., xix, 120–1, figs. 146, 147; xxviii, 93, 207; xxix, 273.

^{page 254 note 1} No. 21 is from the transitional period, no. 22 from period B.

^{page 256 note 1} Thermi, 159.

^{page 257 note 1} At Alişar, it appears earlier: see O.I.P., xxviii, 198, for its use in Alişar I.

^{page 258 note 1} A.J.A., xli, 277, 278, fig. 35.

^{page 260 note 1} Schliemann, Ilios, 489, no. 845; 497, nos. 878, 880.

^{page 260 note 2} I hope to submit samples of the stone implements to a specialist in order to have the materials properly identified, and to obtain information as to their probable sources.

^{page 263 note} 1 O.I.P., xxviii, fig. 90. For the squared butt see op. cit, loc. cit., e 1328.

^{page 263 note 2} O.I.P., xxviii, 82.

^{page 266 note 1} There are four fragments that may belong to other idols, but do not deserve description.

^{page 268 note 1} P.F.K., 37.

^{page 268 note 2} Thermi, 149, 177.

^{page 268 note 3} See also Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 31, fig. 12.

^{page 269 note 1} References, Thermi, 195.

^{page 269 note 2} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 31, fig. 12, nos. 12–14.

^{page 269 note 3} Compare the stone whorls from Alişar, O.I.P., xxviii, 185, 269; xxix, 230.

^{page 269 note 4} O.I.P., xxix, fig. 481, e 1382.

^{page 270 note 1} O.I.P., xxix, 427.

^{page 270 note 2} Archaeologia, lxxxvi, 4.

^{page 270 note 3} O.I.P., xix, 66, 67, 172, 210.

^{page 273 note 1} Götze, Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatisch-Ägyptischen Gesellschaft, xxxii (1927) = Hethitische Texte in Umschrift, iii, 152–3.

Article contents

VII.—Excavations at Kusura near Afyon Karahisar: II

Extract

Access options

References

Save article to Kindle

Save article to Dropbox

Save article to Google Drive

Reply to: Submit a response

Your details

You have entered the maximum number of contributors

Conflicting interests