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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 24 July 2012
There having been published in Bibliotheca, Topographica Britannica [a] an engraving of the porch of Chalk church from the correct pencil of Mr. Tracy, Mr. Clarke declined sending a view of it, when he transmitted for the inspection of the Society his other drawings of different parts of that edifice [b]; but it was my desire that he would favour me with the delineation now exhibited, conceiving it to be a suitable accompaniment to them. And I had, as an additional motive for my request, the hope of obtaining a satisfactory elucidation of the subject represented from a person who, I knew, was very conversant in architectural embellishments. In this instance, however, I did not succeed, Mr. Clarke acknowledging in his answer, that he could not account for a sculptured relief so improperly placed.
page 10 note [a] No VI. part I. plate III. No III. p. 13.
page 10 note [b] Engraved in vol. XI. pl. XLV. XV. p. 565, Sc &c, seq.
page 10 note [*] See plate IV.
page 11 note [c] Kennet's Parochial Antiquities, p. 613.
page 11 note [d] Somner's Treatise on Gavelkind, p. 29.
page 12 note [e] A. 1223. Constitut. Ricardi Poore, epi. Sarum, Prohibemus quoque ne denunciationes scotallorum siant in ecclesia per laicos, nec in ecclesis, nec extra eccleiias sacerdotes, vel per clericos, Wilkins'Concil. Magn. Britan. v. I. p. 600.
A. 1229. Constitut, W. de Bleys epi. Wigorn. ne sacerdotes ad tabernam accedant, nec in ecclesis hujusmodi potationes denuncientur. Ibid. p. 624.
A. 1237. Constit. Alex, (de Stavenby) Coventr. Epise. Item inhibemus sub pœna diraidiæ marcæ, ne quis sacerdos ad tabernam eat, vel tabernam teneat, vel scotales. Ibid. p. 642.—A. 1240. Constit. W. de Cantilupo epi. Wigorn. Et quod millus clericus intersit compotationibus quae vocantum scotales. Ibid, P. 672.
page 12 note [f] A. 1256. Constitut. Ægid. de Bridport epi. Sarum. Communes autem compotationes declaramus, quoties numerum denarium excesserant ejusdem parochie, in qua cervsis venalh extiterit, vel etiam vicinarum in tabernis hujusmodi, vel insra septa ejusdem domicilii potandigratia commorantur. Ibid, p. 719.
page 12 note [g] Vol. III. p. 128, note f.
page 13 note [h] “St. Mary's in Hoo. Test. Will. Haraond. Alsoe I will, that specially my seossees and executors see that the yeovale of St. James be kept for ever, asit hath bin here aforetime” Stowell's extracts of gifts to charitable uses from will? in the registry of the diocefe of Rochester, printed in Thorpe's Antiquities, page 41. “Hoo. Test. Thomas Beadle, of Gevall house, lying at Grenehill, prout wardens and the brethren of the Gevall,” Ibid. p. 47. “Hoo Alhallows, Test. John Devell. Also I will that the geavale of Alhallows in Hoo have one acre of land after my wife's decease to maintain it withal, called Pilchland, and that to be done after the olde custom of olde time.” Ibid. p. 46. “Jo. Bromley, subtrahit de la gifeale xviiis. a lumine beatæ Mariæ apud Woldham.” Acta Archid. Rossen. 1524, Sept. 28, sol. 73; a.—“Thomas Gate et Rogerus Gilwyn, vrfit' apud Woldham. —Habent ad proband. quod Johannes Eeauley, gen. subtraxit de la Gis Ale continuat' usque diem Jovis in vigil. S. Catharine; quo die comparuit Joh. Beauley—et quoad de la Gis Ale dicit, quod obtulit parochianis iiii quarter, brasii pret. Angl. quater vis. viid. et quod omnino recufabant.” Ibid. sol. 86. b. 91. a.
page 14 note [i] Snodland. Test. John Holman. Item volo, &c. unam acram terrae, imperpetuum—inveniend. inde annuatim de proventibus duos buslicl' brasei, et ununi bushel srumenti pro quodam giveale paroch' der Snodland in festo purisic'.” Thorpe's Antiquities, p. 39.— “Hoo. Test. Petri Sampson. Alsoe I will that Harrie Compton have 1 acr' et dim. land, to the intent that he keep a yevale every other year on the feast of St. Michael, at every time to be dispended vi. bushel of wheate bread, and x busliel of mault in ale;. &c.” Ibid. p.39.— “St. Mary's. Test. Tho. Tomys. Also I will and give that Joane my daughter shall have house and land, with condition, that she, or else some other in her name, keepe or doe a yevall upon St James' day, and to this yevall I bind this land whoever have it without end.” Ibid, p 40.— “Hoo. Test. Steph. Sprake. Alsoe I will, that Alice my wife shall have my house and land, and marsli, doeing yearely the charge of a yeveale at Alhallon tide for evermore.” Ibid.”p. 43.
page 14 note [k] “Hoo. Test. Stephen Jacob; I will that my heires shall have five yards of land lying in Longfield, and five yards in Pettesield, upon condition that they make a yerely geveall on Trinity Sunday of 5 bushels of wheat, and seame of barley, and xiid in cheese.” Ibid. p. 41. “Watringbury. Test. James Williams xiiis. iiiid. for ever. Churchwardens, and 4. or 6 of the parishioners to be infoesed in lands to the use of his will.” Ibid. p. 47.— Cowling.Test. Thomas Love. To his heirs male for evermore, to this intent, to keepe and maintayne in the church of Cowling to the value of 4 bushel of wheat and 4 busliel of mault, and xvid. in cheese or fish, &c.” Ibid. p. 47.
page 15 note [l] Freindsbury. Test. Joh. Toppe. Item voluit quod un' acr' ct un' virgat' terre quc jacet apud Westbush—ollam cervisie ad reseccionem vicinorurn in vigil' S. Joh' is Baptift' singulis annis imperpetuum.” Ibid. p. 39.
page 15 note [m] Thorpe's Antiquities, p. 47.
page 15 note [n] J A. 1524. Jun. I. Gardini Luminis S. Hildesord de Swanscomb, contra Rob. Clark et Agneten uxor' ejus pro 4 quarter, brasei.” Acta Archid. Rossen. fol. 49. a.— “Lumini Sti. Nich. de Cobham, et beatæ Marise debentur multi quarter, ordei et brasii.” Ibid. sol. 91. a.— “Freindsbury. Test. Will. Marchant. Item, volo quod. Robertus silius meus habeat tres acres terræ ad terminum vitæ suæ, sub conditione quod disponat annuatim in die anniversarii mei iii bushel' srumenti et I bushel' brasii in exequiis; et post decessum dicti Roberti volo quod supradict. tres acræ remaneant ecclesiæ de Friendsbury prædict imperpetuum. Ita quod ejufdem custodes ecclesie disponant annuatim, &c.” Thorpe's Antiq. p. 40.— “Clisse. Test. Rob. Quikerell. I will that a state be made by my seossees of and in all my lands in Cowling, to twelve or more persons, as the wardens and parishioners of Clive will name, under condition that the said wardens shall employ for ever all the said lands and tenements, to doe an obit in Clive church, and as much bread as will be made of three bushels of wheat, as much ale of 4 bushels of mault, incheese xxd. for ever, &c,” Ibid. p. 42.— “Shorne. Test. Will. Hawke, I bequeath to John Hawke, my brother, xiii acres of land, and to his heirs for ever, with this condition, that the said John hold and keepe, or make to keepe yearly, in the church of Shorne, an obit yearly, he And I will there be spent in bread 4 bushel of wheat, and a qua ter of mault in drink, &c.” Ibid. p. 43. “Hoo. Tesl, joh. Winbray. First, I will that A. my wife have my house for term of her life, and the to keepe an obit every yeare, and to be spent in bread a buthel of wheat, and in ale a bushel of malt, &c.” Ibid. p. 44. “Shorne. left. Job. Hawke. I will that an obit be kept yearly in the pariili church of Shorne on Kclicke Sunday, by the heir of the time being of my land, a quarterr of mault, &c. and half a quarter of wheat, &c. for ever.” Ibid., p. 45— “Stoke. Test. Joh. Hamond. Item, I will that always be kept an obit once a Year in lent, of a Quarter of wheat and a quarter of malt, from heir to heir, for evermore, out of lands in Oysterland borowe.” Ibid p. 45 — “Halslow. Tesl. Rich Francis. An obit every Pallion Sunday for ever of 6 bushel of wheat, and 6 bushel of mault.” Ibid. p. 49.— “Freindsoury. Test. Joh.. Joh. Devenisn. I will that every yeare perpetuall John Devcnith doe an obit for me ox 6 bushel of wheat and 8 bushel of mault, and the said land to pay it, whoever occupy it, from yeare to yeare.” Ibid. p. 50.
page 17 note [n] History and Antiquities of Tenet, p. 155, and Append, p. 74. In the page referred to of the History, it is expresled her will, Mr. Lewis not having attended to the clause in which Etheldred Barrow bequeaths a legacy to the Light, of which he was a brother, “Item cuilibet lumini cujus fum frater duos modios ordei.”
page 17 note [o] A. 1516, April 18. Injungitur D'no Joh. Thompson, cur' de Hoo; quod de cætero non permittat aliquas potationes fieri eccles. sub pœna juris. Item Rest' de Halftow.—Curat' de Sanct. Maria, et vie' de Stoke. Act. Cur Consist. Rossen. sol. 164. Perhaps these injunctions might have reference to common scotales, and not to testamentary giveales at obits, which were to be distributed in the church, as were those noticed in the underwritten bequests. “Halstow. Test. WilL Love—In omnibus annis sequent' viz. quolibet anno circa anniversar', ·&c. tres modios srumenti et tres modios brasi pro pane et cervis' in eccles, distribuend' per heredes meos in perpetuum duratur.” —Thorpe's Antiq. p. 42. “Hadlow. Test. Jam. Gosse. I will that the yearly profits of a field shall be bestowed in bread and ale amongst poor people in the church of Hadlow.” Ibid. p. 43. “Haldow. Test. Joh. Sharnwell. I will eight bushels of wheat and five bushels of malt to be distributed in the church or churchyard.” Ibid. p. 45.— “Bromley. Test. Joh. Harledg. Certain lands entailed on condition to keepe yearly in Bromley church of iiis. 4d. bread and beer to the poor, &c.” Ibid. p. 47.— “St. Margaret. Test. Jane Smith. A yearly obit on Monday next after Midlent Sunday viiid. to the vicar, to the clerk ivd. two bushels of wheat for bread, and peas, and 100 of white herrings, and half a seame of mault, to be brewed yearly, the bread, peas. &c. to be delt in St. Margaret's church to poor people that will come to take it.” Ibid. p. 50.— “Hoo. Test. Edward Pratt. I will that my executors shall receive and take the profits of the land I have hired of John Love, of Haldtow, for the space of nine years, and they to give yearly during the said term 9 bushel of wheat in bread and 10 bushel of raault in drink, on Midlent Sunday, in. the church of Hoo.” Ibid. p 51.
page 18 note [p] Thorpe's Antiq. p. 46.
page 18 note [q] My friend, Mr. Fountame, who favoured me with the additional notes from the will of William May, hinted a doubt, whether by mistake of the register in ccpying the will the torches are not over-rated. But great as appears to be this charge of wax taper, or torch, some centuries ago, it may be supported as the true reading by sundry authentic evidences.” A. 1458, Sept. 18. “Laurence Joys of Rochester was found guilty in the Bishop's court of the crime of adultery, and the sentence was, that he should offer a torch as high as himfelf, “tortkum suæ longitudinis”, at the tomb of St. William, and another torch at the tomb of St. Blaze in the bishop's chapel.” Act cur. consist. p. 356. “A. 1458. Dec. 20, Walter Crepehogg, who had countenanced and promoted a clandestine marriage, was adjudged to be whipt three times round the market at Rochester, and as often round his parish church, carrying in his hand, as a penitent, a torch value vis. viiid. which he was to present at the altar in Rochester cathedral, and he was to present a torch of the same value at the image of St. Blaze in Bromley.” Ibid. p. 363. a. A. 1464. Test. Thomas Blackinden. “Item do et lego unum novum le torche ad pretium viis. ardent, in dicta ecclesia (St. Nicolai, Tenet) in salutem anime mee, ac parentum et amicorum meorum.” Lewis, H'ist. and Antiq. p. 53. It is observable, that Wiliam. May directed there should be two men to carry each torch.
page 19 note [r] A. 1225, in a provincial council held in Scotland, it was ordered, that no layman should sing at the burial or obsequies of the dead. “Item ad sunera et exequies mortuorum laicorum cantus vel choreas sieri prohibemus, cum non deceat de aliorum sletu ridere, sed ibidem potius de liujusmodi dolere.” Wilkins, Concil, v. I. p. 617. This prohibition implies it to have been a practice in that country, as it certainly was in England; and most probably, the persons who had exercised their vocal talents at the celebration of a mass of Requiem became afterwards ballad singers at the Giveale.
page 20 note [s] A. 1223. Constit. Ricardi Poor ep'i Sarutxi, Adhuc prohibemus, ne choreæ vel turpes et inhonestiludi, qui ad Iasciviam invirant, siant cœmeteriis. Ibid. p. 600. A. 1240. Constit. W. de Cantilup. ep'i Wigorn. Ad servendani quoque tarn cœmeterii quam ecclefiæ reverentiam, prohibemus, ne in coemeteriis vel aliis locis sacratis—ludi siant inhonesti, maxime in sanclorum vigiliis, et festis ecclesiarum, quod potius in dedecus fanctis cedere novimus quam honorem, præsumptoribus et facerdotibus, que hæc fustinuerint sieri, canonice coercendis. Ibid. p. 666. A. 1287. Synod. Exon. dioc. a Petro de Quivil episcopo. Et quia in cæmeteriis dedicatis multa sanctorum et salvandorum corpora tumulantur, quibus debetur omnis honor et reverentia; facerdotibus parochialibus districte præcipimus, ut in ecclesis fuis denuncient publice, ne quisquam luctas, choreas, vel alios ludos inhoneilos in cœmeteriis exercere præsumat, præipue in vigiliis et sestis fanctorum, cum hujusmodi ludos theatrales et ludibria speotacula introductos per quos ecclesiarum coinquinatur honestas, sacri ordines detestantur. Quod si aliqui post sasitam denunciationem, ludos hujusmodi, quamquam improprie dictos, eo quod ex eis crimina oriuntur, exercuerint, predicti facerdotes eorum nomina loci archidiacono vel ipsius officiali denuncient, ut ipsius pro suis demeritis canonice puniantur. Ibid, vol II. p. 140. A. 1308. Constit. synodal. per Henricum Woodloke, epi Winton.—Præcipimus et in ipsis (cœmeteriis) in snctorum festivitatibus aut alii luctæ non siant, aut chores ducantur, vel alii ludi spectabiles habeantur. Ibid. p. 295. “By a mandate of the bishop of Winchcater in the register there, were forbid ballad-singing, the exhibiting of shows, and other profanations in the church-yard, on pain of excommunication.” Not. Reg. W. Wykam. “Ad pilas ludere, corcas diffclutas facere, canere cantilenas, ludibriorum spectacula sacere, et alios ludos celebrare.” the Environs of London, vol. 1. p. 248. A. 1363. Constitutions of John Thoresby, archbishop of York. —2. Whereas some, being turned to a reprobate sense, meet in churches on the vigils of saints, and ofsend very grievously against God and his saints, whom they pretend to venerate, by minding hurtful plays and vanities, and sometimes what is worse; and in the exequies of the dead turn the house of mourning and prayer into the house of laughter and excese, to the great peril of their own souls—we strictly forbid any that come to such vigils and exequies, especially in churches, to exercise in any way such plays and uncleannesses. —And we strictly enjoin all rectors, &c. that they forbid and retrain all such insolencies and excesses from being committed in their churches and church-yards by the sentence of suspension and excommunication according to the canon, &c. Johnson's Collection.
page 22 note [t] Mr. Clarke has suggested, upon sufficient grounds, that formerly this church had a South aile, where was most probably placed the principal door of entrance, with a porch. And on the diminishing of the church it might be judged more convenient to construct a new porch at the West end.
page 23 note [u] Antiq. Nat. by Millin.
page 23 note [w] View of Society, in France&. vol. I. p. 370.
page 24 note [x] Walk in and about Canterbury, p. 261.