Polyploidy in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. I – Chemical induction and larval performances of triploids

Abstract

An effective treatment using cytochalasin B (1 mg CB/ml dimethylsulfoxyde in 1 litre of sea water) was developed to induce triploidy in the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve). The percentage of induced triploidy was assessed by karyological examination of embryos and spat. The treatment was found to be optimal beween 20 to 35 minutes post-insemination exposure to CB, at 25 °C, and produced 75.8 ± 5.7% triploid embryos on the average over four experiments. Growth and survival of larvae to metamorphosis were recorded for two different rearings each split into two replicates. Both larval rearings showed similar survival up to settlement: 19.3 and 27.0%, on average over two replicates, in the treated batches relative to the controls. Mean shell length of treated larvae was significantly smaller than that of the controls in one of the larval rearings, where mortality of triploids relative to diploids within the treated group was low (21.0%). No significant differences in shell length were observed in the other trial where a high rate of differential mortality (64.5%) was recorded.