Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T15:17:30.318Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Paralytic shellfish poison outbreaks in the Penzé estuary: Environmental factors affecting toxin uptake in the oyster, Crassostrea gigas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2004

Patrick Lassus ,
Régis Baron ,
Pierre Garen ,
Philippe Truquet ,
Pierre Masselin ,
Michèle Bardouil ,
Didier Leguay  and
Zouher Amzil
Patrick Lassus
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Régis Baron
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Pierre Garen
Affiliation:
Ifremer, Centre de Tahiti, BP 7004, 98179 Taravao, Polynésie Française
Philippe Truquet
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Pierre Masselin
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Michèle Bardouil
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Didier Leguay
Affiliation:
CREMA l'Houmeau, BP 5, 17137 l'Houmeau, France
Zouher Amzil
Affiliation:
Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
Get access

Abstract

Several experiments using a self-regulated system were conducted to define the factors likely to influence the uptake of paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) by oysters in the Penzé estuary (France, Brittany). Each 4-day experiment was carried out in a recirculated sea water system using 15 Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) separated from each other and supplied with unfiltered natural seawater containing alternatively toxic (Alexandrium minutum) or non-toxic (Skeletonema costatum) algal diets. The food supply and exposure times to toxic diets were determined according to field studies of the upstream and downstream movement of patches containing A. minutum. The experimental parameters corresponded roughly to the hydrological conditions generally observed in June when tidal coefficients are lowest and blooms occur: (i) A. minutum concentrations in sea water of 200, 5000 and 10 000 cell ml−1; (ii) inorganic matter consisting of 5 and 15 mg L−1 of calcinated muddy sediments; and (iii) low and high tide salinities of 25 and 35‰, respectively. Significant experimental contamination (greater than the 80 µg STX equiv. 100 g-1 sanitary threshold) occurred after 4 days of exposure for the monospecific A. minutum diet (20-200 cell ml−1) and alternated A. minutum and S. costatum diets (5000 and 20 000 cell ml−1, respectively). Contamination levels were less than the sanitary threshold for alternated A. minutum/S. costatum diets of 200 and 20 000 cell ml−1, respectively, and for a monospecific A. minutum diet (1000−10 000 cell ml−1). In the last case, the accumulation rate was quite low, possibly because of inhibition of the filtration rate related to a lower biodeposit production rate and decreased feeding time activity. The addition of inorganic matter appeared to play a significant role in the observed increase of toxin uptake, whereas salinity was not a determining factor for toxin accumulation rates. These last observations were corroborated by statistical analysis and stepwise multiple linear regressions integrating all or some of the experimental parameters.

Keywords

PSPToxinDinophyceaeOyster toxicityExperimental contamination
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 207 - 214
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bardouil, M., Bohec, M., Bougrier, S., Lassus, P., Truquet, P., 1996, Feeding responses of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) to inclusion of different proportions of toxic dinoflagellates in their diet. Oceanol. Acta. 19, 177-182.
Blanco, J., Moroño, A., Franco, J., Reyero, M.I., 1997, PSP detoxification kinetics in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis: one- and two- compartment models and the effect of some environmental variables. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 158, 165-175. CrossRef
Bougrier S., Lassus P., Beliaeff B., Bardouil M., Masselin P., Truquet P., Matignon F., 2001, Feeding behavior of individuals and groups of king scallops (Pecten maximus) contaminated experimentally with PSP toxins and detoxified. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I., Bolch C.J., Lewis R.J. (Eds.), Harmful Algal Blooms 2000. IOC-UNESCO Publ, pp. 407-410.
Lassus P., Wildish D., Bardouil M., Martin, J.L., Bohec M., Bougrier S., 1996, Ecophysiological study of toxic Alexandrium spp. effects on the oyster Crassostrea gigas. In: Yasumoto T., Oshima Y., Fukuyo Y. (Eds.), Harmful and Toxic Algal Blooms, IOC- UNESCO Publ, pp. 409-412.
Lassus, P., Bardouil, M., Beliaeff, B., Masselin, P., Naviner, M., Truquet, P., 1999, Effect of a continuous supply of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum Halim on the feeding behavior of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). J. Shellfish Res. 18, 211-216.
Lassus, P., Bardouil, M., Masselin, P., Naviner, M., Truquet, P., 2000, Comparative efficiencies of different non-toxic microalgal diets in detoxification of PSP-contaminated oysters (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). J. Nat. Toxins 9, 1-12.
Masselin P., Le Saux J.C., Le Gal D., Lassus P., 1996, Dosage par CLHP des toxines paralysantes de coquillages contaminés par Alexandrium minutum en rivières de Morlaix et de la Penzé en 1994. Rapport Interne Ifremer DEL/96.04/Nantes, 27 p.
Masselin P., Amzil Z., Abadie E., Carreras A., Chiantella C., Le Bec C., Nézan E., Truquet P., 2001, Paralytic shellfish poisoning on French Mediterranean coast in the autumn of 1998: Alexandrium tamarense as the causative agent. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I., Bolch C.J., Lewis R.J. (Eds.), Harmful Algal Blooms 2000. IOC-UNESCO Publ., pp. 26-29.
Morin P., Erard-Le Denn E., Maguer J.F., Madec C., Videau C., Legrand J., Macé E., 2000, Étude des causes de prolifération de microalgues toxiques en mer : cas d'Alexandrium. Final AELB report, Convention 7.98.9476, 135 p.
Moroño A., Blanco J., 1997, Modelling the kinetics of PSP toxin uptake and release in mussels. Harmful Algae News, IOC-UNESCO Publ., pp. 16: 10-12.
Moroño A., Maneiro J., Pazos Y., Blanco J., 1998, Modelling the accumulation of PSP toxins in Galician mussels: results and perspectives. In: Reguera B., Blanco J., Fernández M.L., Wyatt T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia, IOC-UNESCO Publ., pp. 441-443.
Oshima Y., 1995a, Post-column derivatization HPLC methods for paralytic shellfish poisons. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Anderson D.M., Cembella A.D. (Eds.), Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae. IOC Manuals and Guides, No. 33, UNESCO, Paris, pp. 81-94.
Oshima Y., 1995b, Chemical and enzymatic transformation of paralytic shellfish toxins in marine organisms. In: Lassus P., Arzul G., Erard E., Gentien P., Marcaillou C. (Eds.), Harmful Marine Algal Blooms. Lavoisier, Paris, pp. 475-480.
Ravn, H., Anthoni, U., Christophersen, C., Nielsen, P.H., Oshima, Y., 1995, Standardized extraction method for paralytic shellfish toxins in phytoplankton. J. Appl. Phycol. 7, 589-594. CrossRef
Silvert, W., Cembella, A.D., 1995, Dynamic modelling of phycotoxin kinetics in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, with implications for other marine invertebrates. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 52, 521-531. CrossRef
Silvert W., Bricelj M., Cembella A.D., 1998, Dynamic modelling of PSP toxicity in the surfclam (Spisula solidissima): multicompartmental kinetics and biotransformation. In: Reguera B., Blanco J., Fernández M.L., Wyatt T. (Eds.), Harmful Algae, Xunta de Galicia IOC-UNESCO Publ., pp. 437-440.
Vila M., Delgado M., Camp J., 2001, First detection of widespread toxic events caused by Alexandrium catenella in the Mediterranean Sea. In: Hallegraeff G.M., Blackburn S.I., Bolch C.J., Lewis R.J. (Eds.), Harmful Algal Blooms. IOC-UNESCO Publ., pp. 8-11.
Wildish, D., Lassus, P., Martin, J., Saulnier, A., Bardouil, M., 1998, Effect of the PSP-causing dinoflagellate, Alexandrium sp., on the initial feeding response of Crassostrea gigas. Aquat. Living Resour. 11, 35-43. CrossRef