Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:13:43.318Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Is oyster broodstock feeding always necessary? A study using oocyte quality predictors and validators in Crassostrea gigas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 March 2005

Rozenn Cannuel  and
Peter G. Beninger
Rozenn Cannuel
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
Peter G. Beninger
Affiliation:
Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, 2 rue de la Houssinière, 44322 Nantes Cedex 3, France
Get access

Abstract

The effect of providing algal food to female Crassostrea gigas broodstock sampled at a favourable time of year was investigated using pre-defined indices of oocyte quality and subsequent larval and post-larval performances. Broodstock were collected in the Aber Benoît estuary (Brittany, France) at the end of April 2002 and were divided into two groups, a starved control (S, 1 µm – filtered seawater) and a fed group (F, ad libidum algal mixture of Isochrysisgalbana clone T-Iso and Chaetoceros calcitrans), maintained under these conditions for six weeks prior to fertilizations. For each conditioning type, two batches of larvae and post-larvae were reared from two identified females. Quality criteria were defined in terms of predictors (oocyte lipid contents, mature oocyte diameters, ovarian maturity and presence/absence of atresia) and validators (larval growth, algal consumption and time to settlement, and post-larval growth). Each female was considered as a treatment, and parametric and non-parametric ANOVAs were performed, where appropriate, on predictors and validators between each treatment. In both conditions, a surplus of oocytes was produced, in relation to expected market conditions. No effect of the conditioning treatment was detected either on oocyte quality predictors or on subsequent validators. It is likely that winter reserve accumulation is more important than trophic conditioning for successful gametogenesis in the productive Aber Benoît environment. Given the considerable cost of abundant feeding during the conditioning of broodstock collected at the end of winter and destined for gamete stripping (the prevalent practice in France), we suggest that feeding be minimal or suppressed altogether when the condition index is favourable.

Keywords

Crassostrea gigasConditioningOocyte qualityLarvaePost-larvae
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , January 2005 , pp. 35 - 43
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allen, S.K., Bushek, D., 1992, Large-scale production of triploid oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), using “stripped” gametes. Aquaculture 103, 241-251. CrossRef
Barlett, B.R., 1979, Biochemical changes in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1795) during larval development and metamorphosis. Proc. Nat. Shellfish. Assoc. 69, 202.
Bayne B.L., 1976, Aspects of reproduction in Bivalve molluscs. In: Wiley M.L. (Ed.) Estuarine processes, Academic Press, New York, pp. 432-448.
Bayne, B.L., Bubel, A., Gabbott, P.A., Livingstone, D.R., Lowe, D.M., Moore, M.N., 1982, Glycogen utilisation and gametogenesis in Mitylus edulis L. Mar. Biol. Lett. 3, 89-105.
Beninger, P.G., Lucas, A., 1984, Seasonal variation in condition, reproductive activity and gross biochemical composition of two species of adult clam reared in a common habitat: Tapes decussatus L. (Jeffreys) and Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 79, 19-37. CrossRef
Beninger, P.G., 1987, A qualitative and quantitative study of the reproductive cycle of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, in the Bay of Fundy (New Brunswick, Canada). Can. J. Zool. 65, 495-498. CrossRef
Beninger, P.G., Le Pennec, G., Le Pennec, M., 2003, Demonstration of nutrient pathway from the digestive system to oocytes in the gonad intestinal loop of the scallop Pecten maximus L. Biol. Bull. 205, 83-92. CrossRef
Berntsson, K.M., Jonsson, P.R., Wängberg, S. Å., Carlsson, A.S., 1997, Effects of broodstock diets on fatty acid composition, survival and growth rates in larvae of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. Aquaculture 154, 139-153. CrossRef
Berthelin, C., Kellner, K., Mathieu, M., 2000, Storage metabolism in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) in relation to summer mortalities and reproductive cycle (West Coast of France). Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 125B, 359-369. CrossRef
Briarty, L.G., 1975, Stereology: methods for quantitative light and electron microscopy. Sci. Prog. 62, 1-32.
Caers, M., Utting, S.D., Coutteau, P., Millican, P.F., Sorgeloos, P., 2002, Impact of the supplementation of a docosahexaenoic acid-rich emulsion on the reproductive output of oyster broodstock, Crassostrea gigas spat. Mar. Biol. 140, 1157-1166.
Castagna M., Gibbons M.C., Kurkowski K., 1996, Culture: Application. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.) The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica, Maryland Sea Grant Book, Maryland, pp. 675-690.
Chávez-Villalba, J., Mingant, C., Cochard, J.C., Le Pennec, M., 2001, Gamétogenèse chez l'huître Crassostrea gigas de l'Aber Benoît (Bretagne, France), à la limite nord de son aire de reproduction. Haliotis 30, 1-12.
Chávez-Villalba, J., Pommier, J., Andriamiseza, J., Pouvreau, S., Barret, J., Cochard, J.-C., Le Pennec, M., 2002, Broodstock conditioning of the oyster Crassostrea gigas: Origin and temperature effect. Aquaculture 214, 115-130. CrossRef
Chávez-Villalba, J., Barret, J., Mingant, C., Cochard, J.-C., Le Pennec, M., 2003a, Influence of timing of broodstock collection on conditioning, oocyte production, and larval rearing of the oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg), at six production sites in France. J. Shellfish Res. 22, 465-474.
Chávez-Villalba, J., Cochard, J.-C., Le Pennec, M., Barret, J., Enríquez-Díaz, M., Cáceres-Martínez, C., 2003b, Effects of temperature and feeding regimes on gametogenesis and larval production in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. J. Shellfish Res. 22, 721-731.
Collet, B., Boudry, P., Thebault, A., Heurtebise, S., Morand, B., Gérard, A., 1999, Relationship between pre- and post-metamorphic growth in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture 175, 215-226. CrossRef
Daniels, E.W., Longwell, A.C., McNiff, J.M., Wolfgang, R.W., 1973, Ultrastructure of oocytes from the American oyster Crassostrea virginica Gmelin. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 92, 337-349. CrossRef
Dauvin J.C., 1997, Les biocénoses marines et littorales françaises des côtes atlantiques, Manche et mer du Nord. Synthèse, menaces et perspectives. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris.
Delaunay, F., Marty, Y., Moal, J., Samain, J.F., 1992, Growth and lipid class composition of Pecten maximus (L.) larvae grown under hatchery conditions. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 163, 209-219. CrossRef
Deslous-Paoli, J.-M., Héral, M., Berthomé, J.-P., Razet, D., Garnier, J., 1982, Reproduction naturelle de Crassostrea gigas Thunberg dans le Bassin de Marennes-Oléron en 1979 et 1981 : aspects biochimiques et énergétiques. Rev. Trav. Inst. Pêches Marit. 45, 319-327.
Devauchelle, N., Mingant, C., 1991, Review of the reproductive physiology of the scallop, Pecten maximus, applicable to intensive aquaculture. Aquat. Living Resour. 4, 41-51. CrossRef
Dorange, G., Le Pennec, M., 1989, Ultrastructural study of oogenesis and oocytic degeneration in Pecten maximus from the Bay of St. Brieuc. Mar. Biol. 103, 339-348. CrossRef
Dorange, G., Paulet, Y.M., Le Pennec, M., Cochard, J.C., 1989, Critères histologiques d'évaluation de la qualité des ovocytes émis par Pecten maximus. C. R. Acad. Sci. Ser. III Sci. Vie 309, 113-120.
Fleury, P.G., Goyard, E., Mazurié, J., Claude, S., Bouget, J.-F., Langlade, A., Le Coguic, Y., 2001, The assessing of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) rearing performances by the IFREMER/REMORA network: Method and first results (1993-98) in Brittany (France). Hydrobiologia 465, 195-208. CrossRef
Freere, R.H., 1967, Stereologic techniques in microscopy. J. Res. Microsc. Soc. 87, 25-34. CrossRef
Gabbott P.A., 1975, Storage cycles in marine bivalve molluscs: A hypothesis concerning the relationship between glycogen metabolism and gametogenesis. In: Barnes H. (Ed.), Proceedings of the 9th European Marine Biology Symposium, Aberdeen University Press, Aberdeen, Scotland, pp. 191-211.
Gabe M., 1968, Techniques histologiques. Masson & Cie, Paris.
Gallager, S.M., Mann, R., 1986, Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.) and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of eggs. Aquaculture 56, 105-121. CrossRef
Gallager, S.M., Mann, R., Sasaki, G.C., 1986, Lipid as an index of growth and viability in three species of bivalve larvae. Aquaculture 56, 81-103. CrossRef
García-Esquivel, Z., Bricelj, V.M., González-Gómez, M.A., 2001, Physiological basis for energy demands and early postlarval mortality in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 263, 77-103. CrossRef
Gerdes, D., 1983, The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Part I: Feeding behaviour of larvae and adults. Aquaculture 31, 195-219.
Gosling E., 2003, Bivalve Molluscs: Biology, Ecology and Culture. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Science, Malden.
Hendriks, I.E., van Duren, L.A., Herman, P.M.J., 2003, Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on reproductive output and larval growth of bivalves. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 296, 199-213. CrossRef
Heude Berthelin, C., Fievet, B., Leclerc, G., Germain, P., Kellner, K., Mathieu, M., 2003, In vivo and in vitro approaches to the analysis of glycogen metabolism in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. J. Shellfish Res. 22, 715-720.
Labarta, U., Fernandez-Reiriz, M.J., Pérez-Camacho, A., 1999, Energy, biochemical substrates and growth in the larval development, metamorphosis and postlarvae of Ostrea edulis. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 238, 225-242. CrossRef
Langdon C.J., Newell R.I.E., 1996, Digestion and nutrition in larvae and adults. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.) The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, Maryland Sea Grant Book, Maryland, pp. 231-269.
Lee, R.F., Heffernan, P.B., 1991, Lipids and proteins in eggs of eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791)) and northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria (Linnaeus 1758)). J. Shellfish Res. 10, 203-206.
Le Pennec, M., Gueguen, F., Cochard, J.-C., Paulet, Y.M., Dorange, G., 1990, Relations entre le contenu lipidique des ovocytes de Pecten maximus (Mollusque, Bivalve) et les performances des larves en élevage. Haliotis 10, 101-113.
Le Pennec, M., Beninger, P.G., Dorange, G., Paulet, Y.M., 1991a, Trophic sources and patchways to the developing gametes of Pecten maximus (Bivalvia: Pectinidae). J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 71, 451-463. CrossRef
Le Pennec, M., Dorange, G., Beninger, P.G., Donval, A., Widowati, I., 1991b, Les relations trophiques anse intestinale gonade chez Pecten maximus (Mollusque, Bivalve). Haliotis 21, 57-69.
Le Pennec, M., Beninger, P.G., Herry, A., 1995, Feeding and digestive adaptations of bivalve molluscs to sulphide-rich habitats. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 111, 183-189. CrossRef
Li, Q., Osada, M., Mori, K., 2000, Seasonal biochemical variations in Pacific oyster gonadal tissue during sexual maturation. Fish. Sci. 66, 502-508. CrossRef
Longwell A.C., Stiles S.S., 1996, Chromosomes, biology and breeding. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.) The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica, Maryland Sea Grant Book, Maryland, pp. 443-465.
Lu, Y.T., Blake, N.J., Torres, J.J., 1999, Biochemical utilization during embryogenesis and metamorphosis in the Bay scallop, Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say). J. Shellfish Res. 18, 425-429.
Lubet, P., Mann, R., 1987, Les différentes modalités de la reproduction chez les mollusques bivalves. Haliotis 16, 181-195.
Lucas, A., Rangel, C., 1983, Detection of the first larval feeding in Crassostrea gigas, using the epifluorescence microscope. Aquaculture 30, 369-374. CrossRef
Lucas, A., Beninger, P.G., 1985, The use of physiological condition indices in marine bivalve aquaculture. Aquaculture 44, 187-200. CrossRef
Lucas, A., Chebab-Chalabi, L., Aldana Aranda, D., 1986, Passage de l'endotrophie à l'exotrophie chez les larves de Mytilus edulis. Oceanol. Acta 9, 97-103.
Mann, R., 1988, Field studies of bivalve larvae and their recruitement to the benthos: A commentary. J. Shellfish Res. 7, 7-10.
Marsh, J.B., Weinstein, D.B., 1966, Simple charring method for determination of lipids. J. Lipid Res. 7, 574-576.
Martoja R., Martoja-Pierson M., 1967, Initiation aux techniques de l'histologie animale. Masson & Cie, Paris.
Marty, Y., Delaunay, F., Moal, J., Samain, J.-F., 1992, Changes in the fatty acids composition of Pecten maximus (L.) during larval development. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 163, 221-234. CrossRef
Massapina, C., Joaquim, S., Domitilia, M., Devauchelle, N., 1999, Oocyte and embryo quality in Crassostrea gigas (Portuguese strain) during a spawning period in Algrave, South Portugal. Aquat. Living. Resour. 12, 327-333. CrossRef
Mayhew T.M., 2000, 3D structures from thin sections: applications of stereology. Eur. Microsc. Anal. Nov., 17-20.
Morales-Alamo, R., Mann, R., 1989, Anatomical features in histological sections of Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791) as an aid in measurements of gonad area for reproductive assessment. J. Shellfish Res. 8, 71-82.
Morvan, C., Ansell, A.D., 1988, Stereological methods applied to reproductive cycle of Tapes rhomboides. Mar. Biol. 97, 355-364. CrossRef
Napolitano, G.E., MacDonald, B.A., Thompson, R.J., Ackman, R.G., 1992, Lipid composition of eggs and adductor muscle in giant scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) from different habitats. Mar. Biol. 113, 71-76. CrossRef
Nevejan, N., Courtens, V., Hauva, M., Gajardo, G., Sorgeloos, P., 2003, Effect of lipid emulsions on production and fatty acid composition of eggs of the scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Mar. Biol. 143, 327-338. CrossRef
Newell R.I.E., Langdon C.J., 1996, Mechanisms and physiology of larval and adult feeding. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.), The Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, Maryland Sea Grant Book, Maryland, pp. 185-229.
Newkirk, G.F., Haley, R.E., Waugh, D.L., Doyle, R., 1977, Genetics of larvae and spat growth rate in the oyster Crassostrea virginica. Mar. Biol. 41, 49-52. CrossRef
Pazos, A.J., Ruiz, C., Garcia-Martin, O., Abad, M., Sánchez, J.L., 1996, Seasonal variations of the lipid content and fatty acid composition of Crassostrea gigas cultured in El Grove, Galicia, N. W. Spain. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 114B, 171-179. CrossRef
Pipe, R.K., 1987, Oogenesis in the marine mussel Mytilus edulis: An ultrastructural study. Mar. Biol. 95, 405-414. CrossRef
Robert, R., Gérard, A., 1999, Bivalve hatchery technology: The current situation for the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and the scallop Pecten maximus in France. Aquat. Living Resour. 12, 121-130. CrossRef
Robert, R., Parisi, G., Rodolfi, L., Poli, B., Tredici, M. R., 2001, Use of fresh and preserved Tetraselmis suecica for feeding Crassostrea gigas larvae. Aquaculture 192, 333-346. CrossRef
Robinson, A., 1992a, Dietary supplements for the reproductive conditioning of Crassostrea gigas kumamoto (Thunberg): II. Effects on glycogen, lipid and fatty acid content of broodstock oysters and eggs. J. Shellfish Res. 11, 443-447.
Robinson, A., 1992b, Dietary supplements for reproductive conditioning of Crassostrea gigas kumamoto (Thunberg): I. Effects on gonadal development, quality of ova and larvae through metamorphosis. J. Shellfish Res. 11, 437-441.
Ruiz, C., Abad, M., Sedano, F., Garcia-Martin, L.O., Sánchez-López, J.L., 1992, Influence of seasonal environmental changes on the gamete production and biochemical composition of Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) in suspended culture in El Grove, Galicia, Spain. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 155, 249-262. CrossRef
Sokal R.R., Rohlf F.J., 1995, Biometry: The principles and practice of statistics in biological research, Third Edition. Freeman, New York.
Soudant, P., Marty, Y., Moal, J., Samain, J.F., 1996a, Fatty acids and egg quality in great scallop. Aquac. Internat. 4, 191-200. CrossRef
Soudant, P., Marty, Y., Moal, J., Robert, R., Quéré, C., Le Coz, J.R., Samain, J.F., 1996b, Effect of food fatty acid and sterol quality on Pecten maximus gonad composition and reproduction process. Aquaculture 143, 361-378. CrossRef
Strathmann, R.R., Leise, E., 1979, On feeding mechanisms and clearance rates on molluscan veligers. Biol. Bull. 157, 524-535. CrossRef
Thompson R.J., Newell R.I.E., Kennedy V.S., Mann R., 1996, Reproductive processes and early development. In: Kennedy V.S., Newell R.I.E., Eble A.F. (Eds.) The Eastern Oyster Crassostrea virginica, Maryland Sea Grant Book, Maryland, pp. 335-370.
Trider, D.J., Castell, J.D., 1980, Influence of neutral lipid on seasonal variation of total lipid in oysters, Crassostrea virginica. Proc. Nat. Shellfish Assoc. 70, 112-118.
Uriarte, I., Farías, A., Hernandez, J., Schäfer, C., Sorgeloos, P., 2004, Reproductive conditioning of Chilean scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) and the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): Effects of enriched diets. Aquaculture 230, 349-357. CrossRef
Utting, S.D., Millican, P.F., 1997, Techniques for the hatchery conditioning of bivalve broodstocks and the subsequent effect on egg quality and larval viability. Aquaculture 155, 45-54. CrossRef
Valdez-Ramirez M.E., 1999, Estimation de la qualité des gamètes femelles et des embryons de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg 1793). Doctoral Thesis. France, Brest, Université de Bretagne Occidentale.
Valdez-Ramirez, M.E., Le Pennec, M., Dorange, G., Devauchelle, N., Nonnotte, G., 1999, Assessment of female gamete quality in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 36, 73-78. CrossRef
Valdez-Ramirez, M.E., Donval, A., Le Pennec, M., 2002, Ultrastructural and histochemical criteria for determining normality in mature oocytes of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. J. Shellfish Res. 21, 707-714.
Videla, J.A., Chaparro, O.R., Thompson, R.J., Concha, I.I., 1998, Role of biochemical energy reserves in the metamorphosis and early development of the oyster Ostrea chilensis. Mar. Biol. 132, 635-640. CrossRef
Weibel, E.R., Kistler, G.S., Scherle, W.F., 1966, Practical stereological methods for morphometric cytology. J. Cell Biol. 30, 23-38. CrossRef
Whyte, J.N.C., Bourne, N., Hodgson, C.A., 1987, Assessment of biochemical composition and energy reserves in larvae of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 113, 113-124. CrossRef
Whyte, J.N.C., Bourne, N., Ginther, N.G., 1990, Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea. Mar. Biol. 106, 239-244. CrossRef
Whyte, J.N.C., Bourne, N., Ginther, N.G., Hodgson, C.A., 1992, Compositional changes in the larva to juvenile development of the scallop Crassadoma gigantea (Gray). J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 163, 13-29. CrossRef
Wilson, J.A., Chaparro, O.R., Thompson, R.J., 1996, The importance of broodstock nutrition on the viability of larvae and spat in the Chilean oyster Ostrea chilensis. Aquaculture 139, 63-75. CrossRef