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Effect of phytoplankton containing paralytic shellfishand amnesic shellfish toxins on the culture of the king scallop Pecten maximus in Málaga (SE Spain)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2006

Juan Blanco ,
Juana Cano ,
Ma del Carmen Mariño  and
Ma Jesús Campos
Juan Blanco*
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
Juana Cano
Affiliation:
Centro Costero de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto Pesquero s/n, Apdo. 285, 29640 Fuengirola, Spain
Ma del Carmen Mariño
Affiliation:
Centro de Investigacións Mariñas, Consellería de Pesca e Asuntos Marítimos, Xunta de Galicia, Apdo. 13, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain
Ma Jesús Campos
Affiliation:
Centro Costero de A Coruña, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Muelle de las Ánimas, Apdo. 130, 15001 A Coruña, Spain
*
[email protected]
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Abstract

The impact of toxic outbreaks of Gymnodinium catenatum, producer of paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP toxins) and Pseudonitzschia spp., producer of amnesic shellfish poisoning toxins (ASP toxins), was studied throughout the culture cycle of the king scallop Pecten maximus (length from 40 to 100 mm). Toxin concentration, in plankton and in the digestive gland of the scallops, other variables that describe the state of the cultured scallops (mortality, growth, length/weight ratio, gonadosomatic index) and the main environmental conditions (temperature and in vivo fluorescence) were determined from December 2001 to April 2003. Temperature ranged from 14 °C during the winter to 22 °C at the end of July. In vivo fluorescence ranged from not detectable to 25 relative units, with a maximum also recorded at the end of July. ASP toxin levels, in both plankton and organisms, were high during the first half of the sampling period (maximum 450 ng domoic acid L−1, in plankton, and 175 µg·g−1 of scallop digestive gland) when the scallops were juvenile. PSP toxins attained larger concentrations in the second half of the sampling period (maximum of 1.8 nmol L−1 in plankton and 550 nmol g−1 of digestive gland, of gonyautoxins after hydrolysis). Several mortality events took place during the period studied, but none of them coincided neither with an ASP or PSP outbreak nor with long exposure of the scallops to these toxins. One of the recorded mortalities occurred simultaneously with a high concentration of PSP in the scallops, but also with an important spawning. Additionally, it was not coincidental with the bloom of toxic plankton, thus, post-spawning stress seemed to be the main responsible for the mortality. No appreciable effect of ASP or PSP toxinson growth or reproductive state of the cultured scallops was found. Therefore, neither ASP nor PSP toxins appeared to represent a direct threat to the culture of Pecten maximus in that case.

Keywords

ToxinsASPPSPDomoic acidGTXKing scallopMortalityGrowthGonadosomatic indexGymnodinium catenatumPseudonitzschia spp.Mediterreanean Sea
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 19 , Issue 3 , July 2006 , pp. 267 - 273
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2006

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