Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T08:54:00.652Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A critique of the ecosystem impacts of drifting and anchored FADs use by purse-seine tuna fisheries in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 November 2012

Bruno Leroy ,
Joe Scutt Phillips ,
Simon Nicol ,
Graham M. Pilling ,
Shelton Harley ,
Don Bromhead ,
Simon Hoyle ,
Sylvain Caillot ,
Valerie Allain  and
John Hampton
Bruno Leroy*
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Joe Scutt Phillips
Affiliation:
Institute for Complex Systems Simulation, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, UK
Simon Nicol
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Graham M. Pilling
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Shelton Harley
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Don Bromhead
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Simon Hoyle
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Sylvain Caillot
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
Valerie Allain
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
John Hampton
Affiliation:
Oceanic Fisheries Programme, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia
*
a Corresponding author: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

In the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO), which accounts for over half of world tuna production, purse seine effort and catch on floating objects have increased significantly due to a rapid increase in the use of fixed and free-floating fish aggregation devices (FADs). FAD fishing has had an impact on the current status of the stocks of the three main target tunas in the equatorial WCPO, skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis), yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (T. obesus). FADs have been shown to influence the behaviour and movement patterns of the three tuna species with the juveniles of each species occupying shallower habitats when associated with FADs. Aggregation of tunas around drifting objects increases their vulnerability to purse seine gear, particularly for juvenile and small size classes. Further to the impacts on the target stocks, the use of FADs has increased the vulnerability of other fishes to the purse seine method, including some shark and billfish species. Given the concern over FAD-related fishing effort on target and bycatch species, there is a need to understand how FAD use affects target and bycatch stocks. Science needs to better support management decisions are highlighted including the need to identify the magnitude of broader community-level affects.

Keywords

Bigeye tunaSkipjack tunaYellowfin tunaPurse seineFish aggregating devicesBycatch, Pacific Ocean
Type
Review
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 26 , Issue 1 , January 2013 , pp. 49 - 61
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allain V., 2010, Trophic structure of the pelagic ecosystems of the western and central Pacific Ocean. WCPFC-SC6-2010/EB-IP-10.
Allain V., Griffiths S. P., Polovina J. Nicol S., 2012, WCPO ecosystem indicator trends and results from ecopath simulations. WCPFC-SC8-2012/EB-IP-12.
Arrizabalaga, H., de Bruyn, P., Diaz, G. A., Murua, H., Chavance, P., de Molina, A. D., Gaertner, D., Ariz, J., Ruiz, J., Kell, L. T., 2011, Productivity and susceptibility analysis for species caught in Atlantic tuna fisheries. Aquat. Living Resour. 24, 1–12. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brill, R.W., Block, B.A., Boggs, C.H., Bigelow, K.A., Freund, E.V., Marcinek, D.J., 1999, Horizontal movements and depth distribution of large adult yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) near the Hawaiian Islands, recorded using ultrasonic telemetry : implications for the physiological ecology of pelagic fishes. Mar. Biol. 133, 395–408. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bromhead D., Foster J., Attard R., Findlay J., Kalish J., 2003, A review of the impact of fish aggregating devices (FADs) on tuna fisheries. Bureau of Rural Sciences, Canberra.
Buckley, T., Miller, B., 1994, Feeding habits of yellowfin tuna associated with fish aggregation devices in American Samoa. Bull. Mar. Sci. 55, 445–459. Google Scholar
Clarke S., Harley S., Hoyle S., Rice J., 2011, An indicator-based analysis of key shark species based on data held by SPC-OFP WCPFC-SC7-2011/EB-WP-01.
Cury, P.A., Christensen, V., 2005, Quantitative ecosystem indicators for fisheries management, Introduction. ICES. J. Mar. Sci. 62, 307–310. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagorn, L., Fréon, P., 1999, Tropical tuna associated with floating objects : a simulation study of the meeting point hypothesis. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56, 984–993. Google Scholar
Dagorn, L., Menczer, F., Bach, P., Olson, R.J., 2000, Co-evolution of movement behaviours by tropical pelagic predatory fishes in response to prey environment : a simulation model. Ecol. Mod. 134, 325–341. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagorn L., Bertrand A., Bach P., Petit M., Josse E., 2001, Improving our understanding of tropical tuna movements from small to large scales. In : Electronic tagging and tracking in marine fisheries : Proc. Symp. Tagging and Tracking Marine Fish with Electronic Devices, USA, Kluwer Academic Publ., University of Hawaii.
Dagorn, L., Holland, K. N., Itano, D. G., 2007, Behavior of yellowfin (Thunnus albacares) and bigeye (T. obesus) tuna in a network of fish aggregating devices (FADs). Mar. Biol. 151, 595–606. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagorn, L., Holland, K.N., Filmalter, J., 2010, Are drifting FADs essential for testing the ecological trap hypothesis? Fish. Res. 106, 60–63. Google Scholar
Dagorn L., Holland K. N., Restrepo V., Moreno G., 2012, Is it good or bad to fish with FADs? What are the real impacts of the use of drifting FADs on pelagic marine ecosystems? Fish. Fish. DOI : 10.1111/j. 1467-2979.2012.00478.x.
Davies N., Hoyle S., Harley S., Langley A., Kleiber P., Hampton J., 2011, Stock assessment of bigeye tuna in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean. WCPFC-SC7-2011/SA-WP-02.
Dempster, T., Kingsford, M., 2003, Homing of pelagic fish to fish aggregation devices (FADs) : the role of sensory cues. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 258, 213–222. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dempster, T., Taquet, M., 2004, Fish aggregation device (FAD) research : gaps in current knowledge and future directions for ecological studies. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 14, 21–42. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doray, M., Josse, E., Gervain, P., Reynal, L., Chantrel, J., 2006, Acoustic characterization of pelagic fish aggregations around moored fish aggregating devices in Martinique (Lesser Antilles). Fish. Res. 82, 162–175. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2010, Guidelines to reduce sea turtle mortality in fishing operations. Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, FAO, Rome.
FAO, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2011, Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, Atlas of tuna and billfish catches, http://www.fao.org/fishery/statistics/tuna-atlas/query/en, accessed 25 November 2011.
Fonteneau A., Pallares P., Pianet R., 2000, A worldwide review of purse seine fisheries on FADs. In : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poisons, Actes Coll.-IFREMER 28, pp. 15–35.
Fréon, P., Dagorn, L., 2000, Review of fish associative behaviour : toward a generalisation of the meeting point hypothesis. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 10, 183–207. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilman, E., 2011, Bycatch governance and best practice mitigation technology in global tuna fisheries. Mar. Policy 35, 590–609. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Girard, C., 2004, FAD : Fish Aggregating Device or Fish Attracting Device? A new analysis of yellowfin tuna movements around floating objects. Anim. Behav. 67, 319–326. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Graham, B.S., Grubbs, D., Holland, K., Popp, B.N., 2006, A rapid ontogenetic shift in the diet of juvenile yellowfin tuna from Hawaii. Mar. Biol. 150, 647–658. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, M., 1998, An ecological view of the tuna-dolphin problem : impacts and trade-offs. Rev. Fish Biol. Fish. 8, 1–34. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, M.A., Alverson, D., Metuzals, I., 2000, By-catch : problems and solutions. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 41, 204–219. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hallier, J., Gaertner, D., 2008, Drifting fish aggregation devices could act as an ecological trap for tropical tuna species. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 353, 255–264. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harley S.J., Williams P., Nicol S., Hampton J., 2011, The western and central Pacific tuna fishery : 2010 overview and status of stocks. Tuna Fisheries Assessment Rep. 11. Noumea, Secretariat of the Pacific Community.
Holland, K.N., 1996, Biological aspects of the association of tunas with FADs. SPC FAD (Fish Aggregating Device). Inf. Bull. 2, 2–7. Google Scholar
Hoyle S., Kleiber P., Davies N., Langley A., Hampton J., 2011, Stock assessment of skipjack tuna in the western and central Pacific Ocean, WCPFC-SC7-2011/SA-WP-04.
Humphries, N.E., Queiroz, N., Dyer, J.R.M., Pade, N.G., Musyl, M.K., Schaefer, K.M., Fuller, D.W., Brunnschweiler, J.M., Doyle, T.K., Houghton, J.D.R., Hays, G.C., Jones, C.S., Noble, L.R., Wearmouth, V.J., Southall, E.J., Sims, D.W., 2010, Environmental context explains Levy and Brownian movement patterns of marine predators. Nature 465, 1066–1069. CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutchinson M., Itano D., Muir J., Leroy B., Holland K., 2012, The post-release condition of FAD associated silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) caught in tuna purse seine gear. WCPFC-SC8-2012/ EB-WP-12 Rev 1.
IATTC, Inter American Tropical Tuna Commission, 2008, FAD related Research WCPFC-SC4-2008/FT-IP-3.
Jaquemet, S., Potier, M., Ménard, F., 2011, Do drifting and anchored Fish Aggregating Devices (FADs) similarly influence tuna feeding habits? A case study from the western Indian Ocean. Fish. Res. 107, 283–290. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Josse, E., Bach, P., Dagorn, L., 1998, Simultaneous observations of tuna movements and their prey by sonic tracking and acoustic surveys. Hydrobiologia 371, 61–69. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby D., 2001, On the integrated study of tuna behaviour and spatial dynamics : tagging and modeling as complementary tools. In : Electronic tagging and tracking in marine fisheries. Dordrecht, Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 407–420.
Kirby D.S., 2006, Ecological risk assessment for species caught in WCPO tuna fisheries : inherent risk as determined by productivity-susceptibility analysis. WCPFC-SC2-2006/EB-WP-1.
Klimley, A., Holloway, C., 1999, School fidelity and homing synchronicity of yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares. Mar. Biol. 133, 307–317. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langley A., Hoyle S., Hampton J., 2011, Stock assessment of yellowfin tuna in the western and central Pacific Ocean, WCPFC-SC7-2011/SA- WP-03.
Langley A., Williams P., Hampton J., 2008, The Western and Central Pacific tuna fishery : 2006 overview and status of stocks. Tuna Fisheries Assessment. Technical Report 8, Secretariat of the Pacific Community, Noumea, New Caledonia.
Lawson T., 2010, Update on the estimation of selectivity bias based on paired spill and grab samples collected by observers on purse seiners in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean WCPFC-SC6-2010/ST-WP–2.
Leroy B., Itano D.G., Usu T., Nicol S.J., Holland K.N., Hampton J., 2009, Vertical Behavior and the Observation of FAD Effects on tropical tuna in the warm-pool of the Western Pacific Ocean. In : Tagging and tracking of marine animals with electronic Devices. Springer, Part 1, pp. 161–179.
Majkowski J., 2007,Global fishery resources of tuna and tuna-like species. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. FAO Fish. Techn. Pap. 483.
Marsac, F., Cayré, P., 1998, Telemetry applies to behaviour of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) movements in a network of fish aggregating devices. Hydrobiologia 371, 155–171. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marsac F, Fonteneau A, Ménard F., 2000, Drifting FADs used in tuna fisheries : an ecological trap? In : Pêche thonière et dispositifs de concentration de poisons, Actes Colloques-IFREMER 28, pp. 537–552.
Menard, F., 2000, Exploitation of small tunas by a purse-seine fishery with fish aggregating devices and their feeding ecology in an eastern tropical Atlantic ecosystem. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 57, 525–530. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Molony B., 2005, Estimates of the mortality of non-target species with an initial focus on seabirds, turtles and sharks. WCPFC-SC1-2005/EB-WP-1.
Moreno, G., Dagorn, L., Sancho, G., Itano, D., 2007, Fish behaviour from fishers’ knowledge : the case study of tropical tuna around drifting fish aggregating devices (DFADs). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64, 1517–1528. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musyl, M.K., Brill, R.W., Boggs, C.H., Curran, D.S., Kazama, T.K., Seki, M.P., 2003, Vertical movements of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) associated with islands, buoys, and seamounts near the main Hawaiian Islands from archival tagging data. Fish. Oceanogr. 12, 152–169. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nicol S., Lawson T., Briand K., Kirby D., Molony B., Bromhead D., Williams P., Schneiter E., Ludwig L., John Hampton J., 2009, Characterisation of the tuna purse seine fishery in Papua New Guinea. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, Canberra.
Ohta, I., Kakuma, S., 2005, Periodic behavior and residence time of yellowfin and bigeye tuna associated with fish aggregating devices around Okinawa Islands, as identified with automated listening stations. Mar. Biol. 146, 581–594. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parrish, J., 1991, Do predators ’shape’ fish schools : interactions between predators and their schooling prey. Neth. J. Zool. 42, 358–370. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
PNA, Parties to the Nauru Agreement, 2010, A third arrangement implementing the Nauru Agreement setting fourth additional terms and conditions of access to the fisheries zones of the parties.
Rice J., Harley S., 2012, Stock assessment of oceanic whitetip sharks in the western and central Pacific Ocean. WCPFC-SC8-2012/SA-WP-06.
Romanov, E., 2002, Bycatch in the Tuna Purse-Seine fisheries of the Western Indian Ocean. Fish. Bull. 100, 90–105. Google Scholar
Roman-Verdesoto M, Orozco-Zoller M., 2005, Bycatches of sharks in the tuna purse-seine fishery of the eastern Pacific Ocean reported by observers of the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, 1993–2004. Data Rep. 11. Inter-Am. Trop. Tuna Comm., La Jolla, CA.
Schaefer, K.M., Fuller, D.W., 2002, Movements, behavior, and habitat selection of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern equatorial pacific, ascertained through archival tags. Fish. Bull. 100, 765–788. Google Scholar
Schaefer, K.M., Fuller, D.W., 2005, Behavior of bigeye (Thunnus obesus) and skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) tunas within aggregations associated with floating objects in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Mar. Biol. 146, 781–792. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, K.M., Fuller, D.W., Block, B.A., 2007, Movements, behavior, and habitat utilization of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, ascertained through archival tag data. Mar. Biol. 152, 502–525. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaefer, K.M., Fuller, D.W., 2010, Vertical movements, behavior, and habitat of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the equatorial eastern Pacific Ocean, ascertained from archival tag data. Mar. Biol. 157, 2625–2642. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soria, M., Dagorn, L., Potin, G., Fréon, P., 2009, First field-based experiment supporting the meeting point hypothesis for schooling in pelagic fish. Anim. Behav. 78, 1441–1446. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suuronen, P., Chopin, F; Glass, C; Lokkeborg, S; Matsushita, Y; Queirolo, D; Rihan, D., 2012, Low impact and fuel efficient fishing-Looking beyond the horizon. Fish. Res. 119, 135–146. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taquet, M., Dagorn, L., Gaertner, J.-C., Girard, C., Aumerruddy, R., Sancho, G., Itano, D., 2007, Behaviour of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) around drifting FADs as observed from automated acoustic receivers. Aquat. Living Resour. 20, 323–330. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
WCPFC, The Commission for the Conservation and Management of Highly Migratory Fish Stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, 2008, Conservation and management measure for bigeye and yellowfin tuna in the western and central Pacific Ocean, Conservation and Management Measure 2008-01 WCPFC5.
WCPFC, The Commission for the conservation and management of highly migratory fish stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, 2009, Conservation and management measure on the application of high seas FAD closures and catch retention, Conservation and Management Measure 2009-02 WCPFC6.
WCPFC, The Commission for the conservation and management of highly migratory fish stocks in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean, 2012, 7th regular session of the Scientific Committee : summary report with executive summary (8 Oct 2012). Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, Kolonia, Pohnpei Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission.
Williams P., Terawasi P., 2011, Overview of tuna fisheries in the western and central Pacific Ocean, including economic conditions – 2010. WCPFC-SC7-2011/GN-WP-01.