Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-04T18:27:17.407Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Application of a micro-respirometric volumetric methodto respiratory measurements of larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 June 2004

Philippe Goulletquer ,
Maciej Wolowicz ,
Adam Latala ,
Craig Brown  and
Simon Cragg
Philippe Goulletquer
Affiliation:
Genetic-Aquaculture & Pathology Research Laboratory, Ifremer, BP 133, 17390 Ronce les Bains, France
Maciej Wolowicz
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka J. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
Adam Latala
Affiliation:
Department of Marine Ecosystems Functioning, Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdansk, Al. Marszalka J. Pilsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland
Craig Brown
Affiliation:
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratory, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, PA37 1QA, Scotland, UK
Simon Cragg
Affiliation:
Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Ferry Road, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
Get access

Abstract

The application of a simple, fast and reliable volumetric microrespirometric method to assess respiration of bivalve larvae is discussed. As a model, C. gigas larvae of various sizes were used. Metabolic activity of veliger larvae was assessed by measuring respiratory rate for use in ecophysiological modelling. As an example of the application of this approach, additional measurements of veliger respiratory rates were carried out to assess the effect on larval metabolism of different concentrations of leachate from wood treated with chromated copper-arsenate (CCA).Veligers of Crassostrea gigas (length from 95 to 331 µm) were fed with a mixture of Isochrysis galbana and Chaetoceros pumilum cells. Experiments were performed in a 20 °C constant seawater temperature. The wet and dry weight of four length (L, in µm) classes of larvae were obtained from which the relationship between total dry weight and veliger length was derived {DW = e (3.27+L×0.0154)} (R 2 = 99%). Moreover, tissue dry weight (TDW; in ng) was calculated according to Gerdes (1983). Since the mathematical model between larval length and respiratory rate explained 88% of the total variability, a more conservative approach using oyster larval dry meat weight (in ng) and respiratory rate (in µl O2 h−1) was developed to establish a linear model explaining 94.5% of the variability: Resp. = -3.849 × 10-4 + 5.211 × 10-6 × TDW. These experiments provided updated figures of C. gigas larval respiratory rates for use in ecophysiological models. The relationship between tissue dry weight and respiratory rate was close to previous estimates obtained by Gerdes (1983) and Hoegh-Guldberg and Manahan (1995) at 25 °C and 20 °C respectively. Our experiments demonstrate that volumetric microrespirometry is suitable for assessing larval respiratory rate and therefore can be used to assess impacts of pollutants on an early larval stage. Oysters exposed to leachates from chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated timber at 5 kg m−3 showed initially highly variable respiratory rates while those rates decreased drastically for a 15 kg m−3 CCA treatment exposure. Among bioindicators using physiological response to assess pollutant effects, swimming activity and respiratory rates can be compared, the later showing a significant response at a lower pollutant concentration.

Keywords

Respiratory rateMetabolismLarvaeVolumetric micro-respirometryCCALeachateCrassostrea gigas
Type
Research Article
Information
Aquatic Living Resources , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , April 2004 , pp. 195 - 200
Copyright
© EDP Sciences, IFREMER, IRD, 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bayne B.L., 1983, Physiological ecology of marine molluscan larvae. In: Wilbur K.M., Saleuddin S.M. (Eds.), The Mollusca, Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 299-343.
Bayne B.L., Newell R.C., 1983, Physiological energetics of marine molluscs. In: Wilbur K.M., Saleuddin S.M. (Eds.), The Mollusca, Academic Press, London, UK, pp. 407-515.
Bochenek E.A., Klinck J.M., Powell E.N., Hofmann E.E., 2001, A biochemically based model of the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae. J. Shellfish Res. 20(1), 243-265.
Brown, C.J., Eaton, R.A., Cragg, S.M., Goulletquer, P., Nicolaidou, A., Bebianno, M.J., Icely, J.D., Daniel, G., Nilsson, T., Pitman, A.J. and Sawyer, G.S., 2003, Assessment of effects of chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated timber on non-target benthos by investigation of fouling community development at seven European sites. Arch. Env. Contam. Toxicol. 45, 37-47. CrossRef
Dekshenieks, M.M., Hofmann, E.E., Powell, E.N., 1993, Environmental effects on the growth and development of Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin, 1791) larvae: a modeling study. J. Shellfish Res. 12, 241-254.
Gabbott P.A., Holland D.L. 1973, Growth and metabolism of Ostrea edulis larvae. Nature, London 241, 475-476.
Gallager, S.M., Mann, R., 1986, Individual variability in lipid content of bivalve larvae quantified histochemically by absorption photometry. J. Plankton Res. 8, 927-937. CrossRef
Gerdes, D., 1983, The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas Part II. Oxygen consumption of larvae and adults. Aquaculture 31, 221-231.
Gnaiger E., Forstner H., 1983, Polarographic oxygen sensors. Aquatic and physiological applications. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. Springer Verlag.
Goulletquer, P., Héral, M., Prou, J., 1994, Combined effects of temperature-salinity on larval survival of the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica in the Maryland portion of the Chesapeake Bay (USA). Haliotis 23, 71-86.
Goulletquer, P., Wolowicz, M., Latala, A., Geairon, P., Huvet, A., Boudry, P., 1999, Comparative analysis of oxygen consumption rates between cupped oyster spat of Crassostrea gigas of French, Spanish and Taiwanese origins. Aquat. Living Resour. 12, 1-7.
Grunbaum, B.W., Siegal, B.V., Schultz, A.R., Kirk, P.L., 1955, Determination of oxygen uptake by tissue growth in an all glass differential microrespirometer. Microchim. Acta 6, 1069-1075. CrossRef
Helm, M.M., Millican, P.E., 1977, Experiments in the hatchery rearing of Pacific oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg). Aquaculture 11, 1-12. CrossRef
Héral M., 1989, L'ostréiculture française traditionnelle. In: Barnabé G. (Ed.), Aquaculture, Tec. & Doc. 2, pp. 347-399.
Héral M., 1993, Why carrying capacity models are useful tools for management of bivalve mollusc culture. In: Dame R. (Ed.), Bivalve filter feeders in estuarine and coastal ecosystem processes. NATO ASI, Ser. G Ecolog. Sci. 33, pp. 455-477.
His, E., Robert, R., Dinet, A., 1989, Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas. Mar. Biol. 110, 455-463. CrossRef
Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Manahan, D.T., 1995, Coulometric measurement of oxygen consumption during development of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae. J. Exp. Biol. 198, 19-30.
Jaeckle, W.B., Manahan, D.T., 1989, Growth and energy imbalance during the development of lecithotrophic molluscan larvae Haliotis rufescens. Biol. Bull. 177, 237-246. CrossRef
Lu, Y.T., Blake, N.J., Torres, J.J., 1999, Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of larvae and juveniles of the bay scallop, Argopecten irradians concentricus (Say). J. Shellfish Res. 18, 419-423.
Macdonald, B.A., 1988, Physiological energetics of Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis larvae. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 120, 155-170. CrossRef
Manahan, D.T., Jaeckle, W.B., Nourizadeh, S.D., 1989, Ontogenic changes in the rates of amino acid transport from seawater by marine invertebrate larvae (Echinodermata, Echiura, Mollusca). Biol. Bull. 176, 161-168. CrossRef
Marsh, A.G., Manahan, D.T., 1999, A method for accurate measurements of the respiration rates of marine invertebrate embryos and larvae. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 184, 1-10. CrossRef
Millar, R.H., Scott, J.M., 1967, The larvae of the oyster Ostrea edulis during starvation. J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. UK 47, 475-484. CrossRef
Olson, R.R., Bosch, I., Pearse, J.S., 1987, The hypothesis of larval starvation examined in for the asteroid Odontaster validus. Limnol. Oceanogr. 32, 686-690. CrossRef
Peck, L.S., Whitehouse, M.J., 1999, An improved desorber design for use in colouximetry. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 163, 163-167. CrossRef
Peck, L.S., Prothero-Thomas, E., 2002, Temperature effects on the metabolism of larvae of the Antarctic starfish Odontaster validus, using a novel micro-respirometry method. Mar. Biol. 141, 271-276.
Powell, E.N., Bochenek, E.A., Klinck, J.M., Hofmann, E.E., 2002, Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae: a modelling approach. Aquaculture 210, 89-117. CrossRef
Praël, A., Cragg, S., Henderson, S.M., 2001, Behavioral responses of veliger larvae of Crassostrea gigas to leachate from wood treated with copper-chrome-arsenic (CCA): a potential bioassay of sublethal environmental effects of contaminants. J. Shellfish Res. 20, 267-273.
Ren, J.S., Ross, A.H., 2001, A dynamic energy budget model of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Ecol. Model. 142, 105-120. CrossRef
Roland, W.G., Broadley, T.A., 1989, Investigations into remote setting Pacific oyster larvae. J. Shellfish Res. 8, 415-416.
Smaal A.C., Widdows J., 1994, The scope for growth of bivalves as an integrated response parameter in biological monitoring. In: Kramer K.J.M. (Ed.), Biomonitoring of coastal waters and estuaries, CRC Press, Chap. 11, pp. 247-268.
Sprung, M., 1984, Physiological energetics of mussel larvae (Mytilus edulis). III. Respiration. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 18, 171-178. CrossRef
Walne P.R., 1965, Observations on the influence of food supply and temperature on the feeding and growth of the larvae of Ostrea edulis L. Fish. Invest., London, Ser. 2, 24, 1-45.
Zeuthen, E., 1947, Body size and metabolic rate in the animal kingdom with special regard to the marine microfauna. C. R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, Ser. Chim. 26, 17-161.
Zurzycki J., Starzecki W., 1971, Volumetric methods. In: Šesták Z., Latský J., Jarvis P.G. (Eds.), Plant Photosynthetic Production: Manual of Methods, Dr W. Junk N. V. Publ., The Hague, pp. 257-270.