When discriminating between unknown foreign languages, infants, young children, and adult
listeners are able to make same-language/different-language discrimination judgments at
better than chance levels. In these studies (Lorch & Meara, 1989; Mehler et al., 1988;
Stockmal, 1995), foreign language samples have often been provided by different talkers,
confounding voice characteristics and language characteristics. In Experiments 1 and 2, using the
same talkers for different pairs of languages, we found that listeners were able to discriminate
between languages they did not know, even when spoken by the same talker. That is, listeners
were able to separate talker from language characteristics. Experiment 3 used multidimensional
scaling to explore the bases of listener judgments. Listeners were attentive to prosodic properties
and influenced by their familiarity with the test languages.