Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T20:42:17.819Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The origin of the true chariot

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

M. A. Littauer
Affiliation:
Littauer, P.O. Box 2, Syosset NY 11791, USA
J. H. Crouwel
Affiliation:
Crouwel, Archeologisch-Historisch Instituut, Oude Turfmarkt 129, 1012 GC Amsterdam, The Netherlands

Extract

New dates and new finds give cause to look again at that central issue in later European prehistory — the origin of wheeled light vehicles of battle.

Type
Notes
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anthony, D. W. 1994. The earliest horseback riders and Indo-European origins: new evidence from the steppes, in Hansel, B. & Zimmer, S. (ed.). Die Indogermanen und das Pferd: 185-95. Budapest: Archaeolingua.Google Scholar
Anthony, D. W. 1995. Horse, wagon & chariot: Indo-European languages and archaeology, Antiquity 69: 554–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, D. W. & Vinogradov, N. B.. 1995. Birth of the chariot, Archaeology 48: 3641.Google Scholar
Beal, R. H. 1992. The organisation of the Hittite Military. Heidelberg: C. Winter. Texte der Hethiter 20. Google Scholar
Civil, M. 1968. Išme-Dagan and Enlil's chariot, Journal of the American Oriental Society 88: 314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drews, R. 1988. The coming of the Greeks. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Drews, R. 1993. The end of the Bronze Age. Princeton (NJ): Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Driesch A, Von Den. 1993. ‘Hausesel contra Hausonager’: eine kritische Bemerkung zu einer Untersuchung von J. Bollweg und W. Nagel über die Equiden Vorderasiens, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie 83: 258–67.Google Scholar
Garelli, P. & Collón, D. 1975. Cuneiform texts from Cappadocian tablets VI. London: British Museum.Google Scholar
Gening, V. F. 1977. Mogil'nik Sintashta i problema rannikh Indoiranskitch piemen, Sovietskaya Arkheologiya (4):5373.Google Scholar
Gening, V. F., Zdanovich, G. B. & Gening, V. V.. 1992. Sintashta. Chelyabinsk: luzhno-Ural'skoe Knizhnoe Izdatel'stvo.Google Scholar
Hofmann, U. 1989. Fuhrwesen und Pferdehaltung im alten Aegypten. Doctoral thesis, Bonn.Google Scholar
Holland, T. A. 1993-94. Tall as-Sweat 1989-1992, Archiv für Orientforschung 40-41: 275–85.Google Scholar
Izbitsek, Y. 1993. Wheeled vehicle burials of the steppe zone of eastern Europe and the northern Caucasus. 3rd to 2nd millennium BC. Doctoral thesis, Institute of the History of Material Culture, St Petersburg, Russia (English abstract.)Google Scholar
Kuzmina, E. E. 1994. Otkuda Prishli indoarii? Moskva: Russian Academy of Science.Google Scholar
Littauer, M. A. & Crouwel, J. H. 1979. Wheeled vehicles and ridden animals in the ancient Near East. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Littauer, M. A. & Crouwel, J. H. 1985. Chariots and related equipment from the tomb of Tut'ankhamūn. Oxford: Griffith Institute. Tut'ankhamūn Tomb series 8.Google Scholar
Meadows, R. H. & Uerpmann, H. P. (ed.). 1986. Equids in the ancient world. Wiesbaden: L. Reichert. Beihefte zum Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients series A. Google Scholar
Moorey, P.R.S. 1970. Pictorial evidence for the history of horse-riding in Iraq before the Kassites, Iraq 32: 3650.Google Scholar
Moorey, P.R.S. 1986. The emergence of the light, horse-drawn chariot in the Near East, c. 2000-1500 BC, World Archaeology 18: 196215.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, W. 1966. Der mesopotamische Streitwagen und seine Entwicklung im ostmediterranen Bereich. Berlin: B. Hessling. Berliner Beiträge zur Vor- und Frühgeschichte 10.Google Scholar
Owen, D. I. 1991. The ‘first’ equestrian: an Ur III glyptic scene, Acta Sumerologia 13: 259-71Google Scholar
Piggott, S. 1983. The earliest wheeled transport: from the Atlantic coast to the Caspian Sea. London: Thames & Hudson.Google Scholar
Piggott, S. 1992. Wagon, chariot and carriage. London: Thames & Hudson. Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1986. The equids of Sumer again, in Meadows & Uerpmann (ed.): 194206.Google Scholar
Postgate, J. N. 1994. Early Mesopotamia. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Schulman, A. R. 1979. Chariots, chariotry, and the Hyksos, fournal of the Society for the Study of Egyptian Antiquities 10: 105–53.Google Scholar
Zarins, J. 1986. Equids associated with human burials in 3rd millennium BC Mesopotamia: two complementary facets, in Meadows & Uerpmann (ed.): 165–93.Google Scholar