Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2brh9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T04:07:51.377Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Cultivated wetlands and emerging complexity in south-central Chile and long distance effects of climate change

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Tom D. Dillehay ,
Mario Pino Quivira ,
Renée Bonzani ,
Claudia Silva ,
Johannes Wallner  and
Carlos Le Quesne
Tom D. Dillehay
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37656, USA; Instituto de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Casilla 567, Chile (Email: [email protected])
Mario Pino Quivira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geociencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Casilla 567, Chile Nucleo FORECOS Iniciativa Científica Milenio, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Renée Bonzani
Affiliation:
Program for Cultural Resource Assessment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
Claudia Silva
Affiliation:
Departamento de Arqueología, Museo de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
Johannes Wallner
Affiliation:
Institut für Geographie, Friedrich-Schiller Universität, Löbdergraben 32, Jena, Germany
Carlos Le Quesne
Affiliation:
Instituto de Silvacultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Lands in south-central Chile, long thought to have been marginal until the Spanish conquest, are here shown to have been developing complex societies between at least AD 1000 and 1500. Part of the motor was provided by coastland cultivation on raised platforms, here identified and surveyed for the first time. The authors date the field systems and suggest that they were introduced by farmers from the north seeking wetlands in the face of increasing aridity in the central Andes and southern Amazon.

Keywords

South AmericaChileAraucaniapre-Hispanic periodagricultureraised fieldsdrainagecanalisationcomplex societiesmonumentality
Type
Research Article
Information
Antiquity , Volume 81 , Issue 314 , 1 December 2007 , pp. 949 - 960
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acuña, M.P., Eaton, L., Ramir'Iez, N. R., Cifuentes, L. & Llop, E.. 2003. Genetic variants of serum butyrylcholinesterase in Chilean Mapuche Indians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121: 81–85.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Adan, L. & Mera, R.. 1997. Acerca de la distribución especial y temporal del complejo Pitrén. Una reevaluación a partir del studio sistematico de colecciones. Boletín Sociedad Chilena de Arqueología 27: 12–18. Santiago.Google Scholar
Balee, W. & Erickson, C. (ed.). 2006. Time and Complexity in Historical Ecology: Studies in the Neotropical Lowlands. New York: Columbia University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bengoa, J. 2003. Historia de Los Antiquos Mapuches del Sur. Santiago: Imprenta Catalonia.Google Scholar
Berenguer, J. 2004. Caravanas, Interacción y Cambio en el Desierto de Atacama. Santiago: SIRAWI Ediciones.Google Scholar
Bonzani, R. 2005. Report on Archeological Maize from Excavated Sites in the Purén Valley, Chile. Report submitted to the Proyecto Purén-Lumaco. Nashville (TN): Vanderbilt University.Google Scholar
Carnese, F. R. 1996. Demography and blood genetics of Argentinian Mapuche Indians. International Journal of Physical Anthropology 11: 33–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, E. R., Woodhouse, C. A., Eakin, C. M., Meko, D. M. & Stahle, D. W.. 2004. Long-Term Aridity Changes in the Western United States. Science 306: 1015–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Croese, R. 1985. Mapuche Dialect Survey, in Klein, H. & Stark, L. (ed.) South American Indian Languages: Retrospect and Prospect: 784–98. Austin (TX): University of Texas Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denevan, W. M. 1970. Aboriginal Drained-Field Cultivation in the Americas. Science 169: 647–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Denevan, W. M. 2001. Cultivated Landscapes of Native Amazonia and the Andes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Di Castri, F. & Hajek, E. R.. 1976. Bioclimatología de Chile. Santiago: Vicerrectoría de Comunicaciones, Universidad Católica de Chile.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1977. Informe de Actividades Antropológicos en la IX Región de Chile. Report submitted to the Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Santiago.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1985. Cuel: observaciones y comentarios sobre los túmulos en la cultura Mapuche. Revista Chungará 16-17: 181–93.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1990a. Mapuche Ceremonial Landscape, Social Recruitment and Resource Rights. World Archaeology 22(2): 223–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1990b. El formative del extreme sur de Chile. Gaceta Arqueológica Andina 17: 101–14.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1995. Mounds of Social Death: Araucanian Funerary Rites and Political Succession, in Dillehay, T. (ed.) Tombs for the Living: Andean Mortuary Practices: 281–313. Washington (D. C.): Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 1999. El paisaje cultural y público: el monumentalismo holístico, circunscripto de las comunidades Araucanas, in Durán, A. & Bracco, R. (ed.) Arqueología de las Tierras Bajas: 451–468. Montevideo: Ministerio de Educación y Cultura, Comisión Nacional de Arqueología.Google Scholar
Dillehay, T. D. 2007. Monuments, Resistance and Empires in the Andes: Araucanian Ritual Narratives and Polity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donoso, C. 1981. Tipos forestales de los bosques nativos de Chile. Documento de trabajo 38. Santiago: CONAF-PNUD-FAO.Google Scholar
Erickson, C. 1987. The Dating of Raised-Field Agriculture in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Peru, in Denevan, W., Mathewson, K. & Knapp, G. (ed.) Pre-Hispanic Agricultural Fields in the Andean Region (British Archaeological Reports International Series 359): 373–84. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports.Google Scholar
Erickson, C. 1995. Archaeological Perspectives on Ancient Landscapes of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon, in Stahl, P. (ed.) Archaeology in the American Tropics: Current Analytical Methods and Applications: 66–95. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Erickson, C. 1999. Neo-environmental determinism and agrarian ‘collapse’ in Andean prehistory. Antiquity 73: 634–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckenberger, M. J., Kuikuro, A., Kuikuro, U. T., Russell, J. C., Schmidt, M., Fausto, C. & Franchetto, B.. 2003. Amazonia 1492: Pristine Forest or Cultural Parkland? Science 301: 1710–14.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iriarte, J., Holst, I., Marozzi, O., Listopad, C., Alonso, E., Rinderknecht, A. & Montana, J.. 2004. Evidence for cultivar adoption and emerging complexity during the mid-Holocene in the La Plata basin. Nature 432: 614–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Key, M. R. 1978. Araucanian Genetic Relationships. International Journal of American Linguistics 44: 280–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Key, M. R. 1979. The Grouping of South American Indian Languages. Tübingen: Narr.Google Scholar
Kolata, A. & Janusek, J.. 2004. Top-down or Bottom-up: Raised Field Agriculture and Rural Settlement in the Lake Titicaca Basin of Bolivia. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 23(4): 404–30.Google Scholar
Kolata, A., Binford, M. W., Brenner, M., Abbott, M., Janusek, J. W., Seddon, M. & Curtis, J.. 1997. Climate Variation and the Rise and Fall of an Andean Civilization. Quaternary Research 47: 235–48.Google Scholar
Lamy, F., Hebbeln, D., Rohl, U. & Wefer, G.. 2001. Holocene rainfall variability in southern Chile: a marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies. Earth, Planet, & Science Letters 185: 369–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Latcham, R. 1924. Organización social y las creencias religiosas de los antiquos araucanos. Santiago: Imprenta Cervantes.Google Scholar
Latcham, R. 1928. La Prehistoria de Chile. Santiago: Sociedad Impresora y Litográfia Universo.Google Scholar
Maldonado, A. & Villagran, C.. 2002. Paleoenvironmental Changes in the Semiarid Coast of Chile (32°S) during the last 6200 cal years inferred from a swamp-forest pollen record. Quaternary Research 58: 130–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mann, M. E. & Jones, P. D.. 2003. Global surface temperatures over the past two millennia. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (15): 1820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menghin, O. 1962. Estudios de Prehistoria Araucana (Studia praehistorica 2). Buenos Aires: Centro Argentino de Estudios Prehistóricos.Google Scholar
Montecinos, A. & Aceituno, P.. 2003. Seasonality of the ENSO-Related rainfall variability in Central Chile and associated circulation anomalies. Journal of Climate 16: 281–96.2.0.CO;2>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, A. 1996. Demografía y cambio social en quebrada de Humahuaca (Jujuy, Argentina 700-1535 D. C.). Relaciones de la Sociedad Argentina de Antropología XXI: 307–54. Buenos Aires.Google Scholar
Núnez, L. & Dillehay, T. D.. 1979. Movilidad Giratoria, Armonia Social y Desarrollo en los Andes Meridionales: Patrones de Trafico e Interacción Economica. Antofagasta: Universidad del Norte.Google Scholar
Núnez, P. 1993. Posibilidades agrícolas y población del Incario en el Area Atacameña, Norte del Chile. Actas del XII Congreso Nacional Arqueología: 259–67. Temuco: Museo de la Araucania.Google Scholar
Ortlieb, L. 1994. Major historical rainfalls in central Chile and the chronology of ENSO events during the XVI-XIX centuries (in Spanish). Revista Chilena de Historia Natural 67: 463–85.Google Scholar
Ortloff, C. R. & Kolata, A.. 1993. Climate and Collapse: Agro-Ecological Perspectives on the Decline of the Tiwanaku State. Journal of Archeological Science 20: 195–221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Planella, M. & Tagle, M.. 2004. Inicios de presencia de cultígenos en la zona central de Chile, períodos Arcaico y Alfarero Temprano. Revista Chungara 36: 387–99.Google Scholar
Planella, M. 2005. Alero Las Morrenas 1: evidencias de cultígenos entre cazadores-recolectores de finales del período Arcaico en Chile Central. Revista Chungara 37(1): 59–74.Google Scholar
Quiroz, D. & Sanchez, M.. 1997. La Isla de las Lapabras Rotas (La isla de las palabras rotas). Santiago: Barros Arana.Google Scholar
Rothhammer, F. & Santero, C.. 2001. El Desarrollo Cultural en el Valle de Azapa, Extremo Norte de Chile y su Vinculación con los Desplazamientos Poblacionales Altiplánicos. Latin American Antiquity 12: 59–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanchez, M., Quiroz, D. & Massone, M.. 2004. Domesticación de plantas y animales en la Araucanía: datos, metodologías y problemas. Revista Chungara 36: 365–72.Google Scholar
Sans, M. 2000. Admixture studies in Latin America: From the 20th to the 21stcentury. Human Biology 72: 155–81.Google Scholar
Schiffer, M. B. 2005. The Devil is in the Details: The Cascade Model of Invention Processes. American Antiquity 70: 485–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schimmelmann, A., Lange, C. B. & Meggers, B. J.. 2003. Paleoclimatic and archeological evidence for a 200-yr reoccurrence of floods and droughts linking California, Mesoamerica and South America over the past 2000 years. Holocene 13: 763–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shimada, I., Scaaf, C. Barker, Thompson, L. G. & Mosely-Thompson, E.. 1991. Cultural impacts of severe droughts in the prehistoric Andes: application of a 1,500 year ice core precipitation record. World Archaeology 22: 247–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva Diaz, C. 2005. Informe de análisis carpológico sobre muestras provenientes desde los cuel de Lumaco y Purén, región de la Araucanía, Chile. Report submitted to the Proyecto Purén-Lumaco. Nashville (TN): Vanderbilt University.Google Scholar
Stahl, P. 2004. Archaeology: greater expectations. Nature 432: 561–62.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thompson, L. G., Mosely-Thompson, E., Bolzan, J. F. & Koci, B. R.. 1985. A 1500-Year Record of Tropical Precipitation in Ice Cores from the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru. Science 229: 971–74.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Turner, B.L. II & Brush, S. B.. 1987. Comparative Farming Systems. New York: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Villalba, R. 1990. Climatic fluctuations in northern Patagonia during the last 1000 years as inferred from tree-ring records. Quaternary Research 34: 346–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villalba, R. 1994. Tree-ring and glacial evidence for the medieval warm epoch and the little ice age in southern South America. Climatic Change 26: 183–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar