Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T13:13:10.667Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Creating urban communities at Kilwa Kisiwani, Tanzania, AD 800-1300

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

Stephanie Wynne-Jones*
Affiliation:
British Institute in Eastern Africa, Kenya (Email: [email protected])

Extract

Urban communities on the medieval East African coast have been previously discussed in terms of ethnicity and migration. Here assemblages from coastal towns and from surface survey in the interior are used to paint a different picture of urban (Swahili) origins. The author shows that coast and interior shared a common culture, but that coastal sites grew into ‘stonetowns’ thanks to the social impact of imports: the material culture structured the society.

Type
Research
Copyright
Copyright © Antiquity Publications Ltd. 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abungu, G.H.O. 1988. Ungwana on the Tana, in Sinclair, P. & Wandibba, S. (ed.) Urban Origins in Eastern Africa, project proposals and workshop summaries. Stockholm: The Swedish Central Board of Antiquities.Google Scholar
Abungu, G.H.O. 1989. Communities on the River Tana, Kenya: An Archaeological Study of Relations between the Delta and the River Basin AD 700-1890. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Allen, J.D.V. 1981. Swahili culture and the nature of East coast settlement. International Journal of African Historical Studies 14 (2): 306–34.Google Scholar
Allen, J.D.V. 1993. Swahili origins: Swahili culture and the Shungwaya phenomenon. London: James Currey.Google Scholar
Blanton, R.E., Feinman, G., Kowalewski, S. & Peregrine, P.. 1996. A dual-processual theory for the evolution of Meso-American civilization. Current Anthropology 37 (1): 114.Google Scholar
Chami, F. 1994. The Tanzanian Coast in the Early First Millennium AD: an archaeology of the iron-working, farming communities. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Uppsaliensis.Google Scholar
Chittick, H.N. 1974. Kilwa: an Islamic trading city on the East African coast. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa.Google Scholar
Chittick, H.N. 1975. The Peopling of the East African coast, in Chittick, H.N. & Rotberg, R.I. (ed.) East Africa and the Orient: Cultural Syntheses in Pre-Colonial Times: 1643. New York & London: Africana Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Chittick, H.N. 1984.Manda: Excavations at an Island Port on the Kenya Coast. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa.Google Scholar
DeMarrais, E. 2004. The Materialization of Culture, in DeMarrais, E., Gosden, C. & Renfrew, C. (ed.) Rethinking materiality: the engagement of mind with the material world: 1122. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.Google Scholar
Donley, L. 1982. House Power; Swahili Space and Symbolic Markers, in Hodder, I. (ed.) Symbolic and Structural Archaeology: 6373. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donley-Reid, L.W. 1990. The Power of Swahili Porcelain, Beads and Pottery. Archeological Papers of the American Anthropological Association 2 (1): 4759.Google Scholar
Emberling, G. 1997. Ethnicity in complex societies: archaeological perspectives. Journal of Archaeological Research 5: 295344.Google Scholar
Fleisher, J. 2003. Viewing Stonetowns from the Countryside: An Archaeological Approach to Swahili Regional Systems, AD 800-1500. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Virginia.Google Scholar
Fleisher, J. 2004. Behind the Sultan of Kilwa's ‘Rebellious Conduct’: Local Perspectives on an International East African Town, in Reid, A. & Lane, P. (ed.) African Historical Archaeologies: 91124. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum.Google Scholar
Freeman-Grenville, G.S.P. 1962. The East African Coast. Select Documents from the First to the Earlier Nineteenth Centuries. London: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Garlake, P. 1966. The Early Islamic Architecture of the East African Coast. Nairobi & Oxford: British Institute in Eastern Africa.Google Scholar
Goody, J. 1982. Cooking, Cuisine and Class. A study in comparative sociology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gosden, C. 2004. Archaeology and colonialism: cultural contact from 5000 BC to the present. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horton, M.C. 1984. The Early Settlement of the Northern Kenya Coast. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar
Horton, M.C. 1987. The Swahili Corridor. Scientific American 257 (Sep): 8693.Google Scholar
Horton, M.C.1996. Shanga: The archaeology of a Muslim trading community on the coast of East Africa. Nairobi: British Institute in Eastern Africa.Google Scholar
Horton, M.C. & Middleton, J.. 2000. The Swahili: The Social Landscape of a Mercantile Society. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Juma, A. 2004. Unguja Ukuu on Zanzibar: An archaeological study of early urbanism. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Upsaliensis.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J.S. 1964. Men and monuments on the East African coast. London: Lutterworth.Google Scholar
Kirkman, J.S. 1966. Ungwana on the Tana. The Hague: Mouton & Co.Google Scholar
Kusimba, C.M. 1999. The Rise and Fall of Swahili States. Walnut Creek: Altamira.Google Scholar
McKee, L. 1987. Food supply and plantation social order: an archaeological perspective, in Singleton, T.A. (ed.) I, Too, am America: 218–39. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia.Google Scholar
Middleton, J. 1992. The World of the Swahili. New Haven & London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Nurse, D. & Spear, T.. 1985. The Swahili: reconstructing the history and language of an African society AD 800-1500. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillipson, D.W. 1979. Some Iron Age sites in the Lower Tana Valley. Azania 14: 155–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pouwels, R.L. 1987. Horn and Crescent. Cultural change and traditional Islam on the East African coast, 800-1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Renfrew, C. 2001. Symbol before concept: material engagement and the early development of society, in Hodder, I. (ed.) Archaeological Theory Today: 98121. Cambridge: Polity Press.Google Scholar
Sutton, J.E.G. 1998. Kilwa: A History of the Ancient Swahili Town with a Guide to the Monuments of Kilwa Kisiwani and Adjacent Islands. Azania 33: 113–69.Google Scholar
Willey, G. 1953. Prehistoric Settlement in the Virú Valley, Peru. Washington: United States Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Wright, H.T. 1993. Trade and Politics on the eastern littoral of Africa, AD 800-1300, in Shaw, T., Sinclair, J.P.J., Andah, B. & Okpoko, A. (ed.) The Archaeology of Africa: food, metals and towns: 658–70. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wynne-Jones, S. 2005a. Scale and Temporality in an Urban Settlement System: Fieldwork in Kilwa Region, Southern Tanzania. Nyame Akuma 64 (December).Google Scholar
Wynne-Jones, S. 2005b. Urbanisation at Kilwa, Tanzania, AD 800-1400. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Cambridge.Google Scholar