Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T23:56:21.715Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationship between graded doses of three microbial phytases and digestible phosphorus in pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

K. Paditz ,
H. Kluth  and
M. Rodehutscord
K. Paditz
Affiliation:
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
H. Kluth
Affiliation:
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
M. Rodehutscord*
Affiliation:
Institut für Ernährungswissenschaften, Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
*
† Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The efficacy of three microbial phytases to increase the amount of digestible phosphorus (dP) was studied in pigs. A basal diet was prepared meeting the requirements of 30-kg pigs with the exception of P. Concentrations (in g/kg dry matter) were: P 2·9, phytate P 1·3, calcium (Ca) 6·9, and crude protein 208. Intrinsic phytase activity was below detection limit. Microbial phytase was supplemented from three sources (Aspergillus niger (Asp), Peniophora lycii (Pen), and consensus phytase (Con)) at the following levels (phytase units (FTU) per kg diet): 150, 300, 450, 600 and 900. Diets were pelleted without steam. Forty-eight male castrated crossbred pigs ((Large White X German Landrace) X Pietrain) initially weighing, on average, 28 kg were individually penned. Each of the 16 diets was offered to three pigs in three consecutive periods of 17 days each, resulting in nine replicates per treatment. No animal received the same diet twice. Faeces were spot-sampled for each individual pig twice daily for the last 7 days of each period. TiO2 was used as an indigestible marker. An exponential function was fitted to the data, and both marginal and cumulative efficacies of phytases were described on the basis of the resulting functions.

No significant period effect was detected for any of the obtained data. On overall average, daily live-weight (LW) gain was 730 g, and 2.57 kg food were needed per kg LW gain. Neither criterion was significantly affected by source or level of supplementary phytase. Digestibility of organic matter and crude protein averaged 0.90 and 0.84, respectively, again without a significant treatment effect. Digestible P concentration in no case exceeded 1.5 g/kg DM, indicating that P supply to pigs was marginal in all treatments. Digestibility of P from the basal diet was 0.22. P digestibility was significantly affected (P = 0.001) both by the source and by the level of supplementary phytase. It responded in a non-linear fashion to increasing phytase supplementation, this course being less clear for Pen than for Asp and Con phytase. In no case was a clear plateau in P digestibility reached within the range studied. For Asp and Con, marginal efficacy decreased from about 2 mg dP per incremental FTU at low supplementary level to roughly 0.6 mg dP per incremental FTU. This clear dose dependent effect was not present for the Pen phytase, where about 0.6 to 0.7 mg dP per incremental FTU were released almost irrespective of the level of supplementation. It is concluded that phytases of different origin rank differently from each other regarding their efficacy, depending on the level of supplementation. Dose-response studies are recommended in cases where different phytases are to be compared.

Keywords

dosageefficacyphosphorusphytasepigs
Type
Non-ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 78 , Issue 3 , June 2004 , pp. 429 - 438
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymus. 2000. Evaluation of microbial phytase in pig feeding. Feed Magazine, pp. 18–21.Google Scholar
Augspurger, N. R., Webel, D. M., Lei, X. G. and Baker, D. H. 2003. Efficacy of an E. coli phytase expressed in yeast for releasing phytate-bound phosphorus in young chicks and pigs. Journal of Animal Science 81: 474–483.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, M. and Allam, S. M. 1987. Analytik von TiO2 im Darminhalt und Kot nach Kjeldahlaufschluß. Archives of Animal Nutrition 37: 453–454.Google Scholar
Düngelhoef, M. and Rodehutscord, M. 1995. Wirkung von Phytasen auf die Verdaulichkeit des Phosphors beim Schwein. Übersichten zur Tierernährung 23: 133–157.Google Scholar
Düngelhoef, M., Rodehutscord, M., Spiekers, H. and Pfeffer, E. 1994. Effects of supplemental microbial phytase on availability of phosphorus contained in maize, wheat and triticale to pigs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 49: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eeckhout, W. and De Paepe, M. 1994. Total phosphorus, phytate-phosphorus and phytase activity in plant feedstuffs. Animal Feed Science and Technology 47: 19–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelen, A. J., Van der Heeft, F. C., Randsdorp, P. H. G. and Smit, E. L. C. 1994. Simple and rapid determination of phytase activity. Journal of AOAC International 77: 760–764.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Igbasan, F. A., Männer, K., Miksch, G., Borriss, R., Farouk, A. and Simon, O. 2000. Comparitive studies on the in vitro properties of phytase from various microbial origins. Archives of Animal Nutrition 53: 353–373.Google Scholar
Jagger, S., Wiseman, J., Cole, D. J. and Craigon, J. 1992. Evaluation of inert markers for the determination of ileal and facecal apparent digestibility values in the pig. British Journal of Nutrition 68: 729–739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jongbloed, A. W. and Kemme, P. A. 1990. Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment. 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38: 567–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jongbloed, A. W., Mroz, Z. and Kemme, P. A. 1992. The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract. Journal of Animal Science 70: 1159–1168.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jongbloed, A. W., Poulsen, H. D., Dourmad, J. Y. and Peet-Schwering, C. M. C. van der, . 1999. Environmental and legislative aspects of pig production in The Netherlands, France and Denmark. Livestock Production Science 58: 243–249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juin, H., Nys, Y. and Broz, J. 2001. Comparative evaluation of two phytase preparations in young turkeys fed a wheat-based diet. Archiv für Geflügelkunde 65: 231–235.Google Scholar
Kemme, P. A., Jongbloed, A. W., Mroz, Z., Kogut, J. and Beynen, A. C. 1999a. Digestibility of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs is affected by Aspergillus niger phytase, phytate and lactic acid levels. 1. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids. Livestock Production Science 58: 107–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemme, P. A., Jongbloed, A. W., Mroz, Z., Kogut, J. and Beynen, A. C. 1999b. Digestibility of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs is affected by Aspergillus niger phytase, phytate and lactic acid levels. 2. Apparent total tract digestibility of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium and ileal degradation of phytic acid. Livestock Production Science 58: 119–127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ketaren, P. P., Batterham, E. S., Dettmann, E. B. and Farrell, D. J. 1993. Phosphorus studies in pigs. 3. Effect of phytase supplementation on the digestibility and availability of phosphorus in soya-bean meal for grower pigs. British Journal of Nutrition 70: 289–311.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kies, A. K., Hemert, K. H. F.|van and Sauer, W. C. 2001. Effect of phytase on protein and amino acid digestibility and energy utilisation. World´s Poultry Science Journal 57: 109–126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirchgeßner, M. 1994. Mitteilungen des Ausschusses für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie: Die Bestimmung des verdaulichen Phosphors beim Schwein. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology 2: 113–119.Google Scholar
Kirchgeßner, M. 1997. Mitteilungen des Ausschusses für Bedarfsnormen der Gesellschaft für Ernährungsphysiologie: Überarbeitete Empfehlungen zur Versorgung von Schweinen mit Phosphor. Proceedings of the Society of Nutrition Physiology 6: 193–200.Google Scholar
Kornegay, E. T., Radcliffe, J. S. and Zhang, Z. 1998. Influence of phytase and diet composition on phosphorus and amino acid digestibilities, and phosphorus and nitrogen excretion in swine. BASF technical symposium, Durham, North Carolina, BASF Corp., pp. 125–155.Google Scholar
Lassen, S. F., Breinholt, J., Oestergaard, P. R., Brugger, R., Bischoff, A., Wyss, M. and Fuglsang, C. C. 2001. Expression, gene cloning, and characterization of five novel phytases from four basidomycete fungi: Peniophora lycii, Agrocybe pediades, a Ceriporia sp., and Trametes pubescens . Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67: 4701–4707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, M., Kostrewa, D., Wyss, M., Brugger, R., D’Arcy, A., Pasamontes, L. and Loon, A. P. G. M. van. 2000. From DNA sequence to improved functionality: using protein sequence comparisons to rapidly design a thermostable consensus phytase. Protein Engineering 13: 49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Littell, R. C., Henry, P. R., Lewis, A. J. and Ammerman, C. B. 1997. Estimation of relative bioavailability of nutrients using SAS procedures. Journal of Animal Science 75: 2672–2683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mengel, K. 1997. Agronomic measures for better utilization of soil and fertilizer phosphates. European Journal of Agronomy 7: 221–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mroz, Z., Jongbloed, A. W. and Kemme, P. A. 1994. Apparent digestibility and retention of nutrients bound to phytate complexes as influenced by microbial phytase and feeding regimen in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 72: 126–132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Näsi, J. M., Helander, E. H. and Partanen, K. H. 1995. Availability for growing pigs of minerals and protein of a high phytate barley-rapeseed meal diet treated with Aspergillus niger phytase or soaked with whey. Animal Feed Science and Technology 56: 83–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
National Research Council. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Naumann, C. and Bassler, R. 1976. VDLUFA-Methodenbuch, vol. III. Die chemische Untersuchung von Futtermitteln. Loose leaflet collection with supplements from 1983, 1988, 1993, and 1997 (Verband Deutscher Landwirtschaftlicher Untersuchungs- und Forschungsanstalten). Melsungen, Neumann-Neudamm.Google Scholar
Nelson, T. S., Shieh, T. R., Wodzinski, R. J. and Ware, J. H. 1968. The availability of phytate phosphorus in soya bean meal before and after treatment with mold phytase. Poultry Science 47: 1842–1848.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ravindran, V., Cabahug, S., Ravindran, G., Selle, P. H. and Bryden, W. L. 2000. Response of broiler chickens to microbial phytase supplementation as influenced by dietary phytic acid and non-phytate phosphorous levels. II. Effects on apparent metabolisable energy, nutrient digestibility and nutrient retention. British Poultry Science 41: 193–200.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbins, K. R., Norton, H. W. and Baker, D. H. 1979. Estimation of nutrient requirements from growth data. Journal of Nutrition 109: 1710–1714.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodehutscord, M. 1998. The effect of phytase on the availability of phosphorus in different ingredients for swine. BASF technical symposium, Durham, North Carolina, BASF Corp., pp. 32–45.Google Scholar
Rodehutscord, M., Abel, H., Friedt, W., Wenk, C., Flachowsky, G., Ahlgrimm, H.-J., Johnke, B., Kühl, R. and Breves, G. 2002. Consequences of the ban of by-products from terrestrial animals in livestock feeding in Germany and the European Union: alternatives, nutrient and energy cycles, plant production, and economic aspects. Archives of Animal Nutrition 56: 67–91.Google ScholarPubMed
Rodehutscord, M., Faust, M. and Pfeffer, E. 1999. The course of phosphorus excretion in growing pigs fed continuously increasing phosphorus concentrations after a phosphorus depletion. Archives of Animal Nutrition 52: 323–334.Google ScholarPubMed
Simon, O. and Igbasan, F. A. 2002. In vitro properties of phytases from various microbial origins. International Journal of Food Science and Technology 37: 813–822.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ten Doeschate, R. -A. H. M., Scheele, C. W., Schreurs, V. and Klis, J. D. van der. 1993. Digestibility studies in broiler chickens: influence on genotype, age, sex and method of determination. British Poultry Science 34: 134–146.Google Scholar
Traylor, S. L., Cromwell, G. L., Lindemann, M. D. and Knabe, D. A. 2001. Effects of level of supplemental phytase on ileal digestibility of amino acids, calcium and phosphorus in dehulled soybean meal for growing pigs. Journal of Animal Science 79: 2634–2642.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Valaja, J., Plaami, S. and Siljander-Rasi, H. 1998. Effect of microbial phytase on digestibility and utilisation of phosphorus and protein in pigs fed wet barley protein with fibre. Animal Feed Science and Technology 72: 221–233.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yi, Z., Kornegay, E. T., Ravindran, V., Lindemann, M. D. and Wilson, J. H. 1996. Effectiveness of Natuphos phytase in improving the bioavailabilities of phosphorus and other nutrients in soybean meal-based semipurified diets for young pigs. Journal of Animal Science 74: 1601–1611.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmermann, B., Lantzsch, H. J., Mosenthin, R., Schöner, F. -J., Biesalski, H. K. and Drochner, W. 2002. Comparative evaluation of the efficacay of cereal and microbial phytases in growing pigs fed diets with marginal phosphorus supply. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 82: 1298–1304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar