Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-18T07:58:27.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation on nutrient digestibility in pigs offered a grower diet based on wheat and barley

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 March 2007

K. Lyberg ,
T. Lundh ,
C. Pedersen  and
J. E. Lindberg
K. Lyberg
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
T. Lundh
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
C. Pedersen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
J. E. Lindberg*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7024, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
*
† Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access

Abstract

The effects of 1-h soaking, fermentation and phytase supplementation of a pig diet based on wheat and barley on ileal and total tract apparent digestibility in growing pigs fitted with a post valve T-caecum (PVTC)-cannula were studied. Eight animals in a two-period change-over design were used, subjecting four animals to each treatment (dry, soaked, microbial phytase supplemented or fermented diet). Acid insoluble ash was used as an indigestible marker for calculating apparent digestibility coefficients. Fermentation improved ( P<0·05) the ileal apparent digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM), nitrogen and amino acids, while there was no effect of 1-h soaking and phytase supplementation. The total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of OM was also improved by fermentation. The ileal apparent digestibility coefficient of phosphorus (P) was higher for fermentation ( P<0·05) than for dry food and 1-h soaking. The total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of P was higher ( P<0·05) for treated food (soaked, fermented and supplemented with microbial phytase) compared with dry food. Fermentation improved ( P<0·05) the ileal apparent digestibility coefficient of calcium compared with dry and soaked food, and had no effect on the total tract apparent digestibility coefficient of calcium. Food inositol phosphates were affected by treatment ( P<0·05), with a reduction of P bound to inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) of 10% in the 1-h soaked food and of 80% in the fermented food. Degradation of IP6 in the gastro-intestinal tract of the animals was lower in the fermented food than in the other treatments. The content of neutral-detergent fibre in the food was reduced ( P<0·05) in the soaked and fermented food by 4% and 14%, respectively, compared with the dry food. In conclusion, fermentation of food can improve digestibility of OM, degrade IP6 and increase ileal digestibility of phosphorus, nitrogen and amino acids.

Keywords

digestibilityfermentationphytasepigssoaking
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 82 , Issue 6 , December 2006 , pp. 853 - 858
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Canibe, N.Jensen, B. B. (2003) Fermented and nonfermented liquid feed to growing pigs: effect on aspects of gastrointestinal ecology and growth performance Journal of Animal Science 81: 2019–2031CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, D.Poulsen, H.D. (2003) Phytate degradation in soaked and fermented liquid feed – effect of diet, time of soaking, heat treatment, phytase activity, pH and temperature Animal Feed Science and Technology 103: 141–154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cosgrove, D.J. (1980) Inositol phytates Amsterdam ElsevierGoogle Scholar
Engelen, A.J.Heeft, F.C.van der Randsdorp, P.H.G.Smit, E.L. C. (1994) Simple and rapid determination of phytase activity Journal of AOAC International 77: 760–764CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fredlund, K.Asp, N.G.Larsson, M.Marklinder, I.Sandberg, A.S. (1997) Phytate reduction in whole grains of wheat, rye, barley and oats after hydrothermal treatment Journal of Cereal Science 25: 83–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harada, E.Niiyama, M.Syuto, B. (1986) Comparison of pancreatic exocrine secretion via endogenous secretion by intestinal infusion of hydrochloric acid and monocaroxylic acid in anesthetized piglets Japanese Journal of Physiology 36: 843–856Google ScholarPubMed
Jennische, P.Larsson, K. (1990) Traditionella svenska analysmetoder för foder och växtmaterial Rapport 60 Uppsala, Sweden SLLGoogle Scholar
Jensen, B.B.Mikkelsen, L.L. (1998) Feeding liquid diets to pigs Recent advances in animal nutrition. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Garnsworthy, P.C.Wiseman, J.), pp. 107–126. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Jongbloed, A.W.Kemme, P.A. (1990) Apparent digestible phosphorus in the feeding of pigs in relation to availability, requirement and environment. 1. Digestible phosphorus in feedstuffs from plant and animal origin Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Sciences 8: 567–575CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jongbloed, A.W.Mroz, Z.Kemme, P.A. (1992) The effect of supplementary Aspergillus niger phytase in diets for pigs on concentration and apparent digestibility of dry matter, total phosphorus, and phytic acid in different sections of the alimentary tract Journal of Animal Science 70: 1159–1168CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kavanagh, S.Lynch, P.B. O'Mara, F.Caffrey, P.J. (2001) A comparison of total collection and marker technique for the measurement of apparent digestibility of diets for growing pigs Animal Feed Science and Technology 89: 49–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemme, P.A.Jongbloed, A.W.Mroz, Z.Kogut, J.Beynen, A.C. (1999) Digestibility of nutrients in growing-finishing pigs is affected by Aspergillus niger phytase, phytate and lactic acid levels 1. Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids Livestock Production Science 58: 107–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemme, P.A.Radcliffe, J.S.Jongbloed, A.W.Mroz, Z. (1997) Factors affecting phosphorus and calcium digestibility in diets for growing-finishing pigs Journal of Animal Science 75: 2139–2146CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen, T.Skoglund, E.Sandberg, A.S.Engberg, R.M. (1999) Soaking and pelleting of pig diets alters the apparent absorption and retention of minerals Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79: 477–483CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Llames, C.R.Fontaine, J. (1994) Determination of amino acids in feeds. Collaborative study Journal of AOAC International 77: 1362–1402CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyberg, K.Simonsson, A.Lindberg, J.E. (2005) Influence of phosphorus level and soaking of feed on phosphorus availability and performance in growing-finishing pigs Animal Science 81: 375–381CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maga, J.A. (1982) Phytate: its chemistry, occurrence, feed interactions, nutritional significance, and methods of analysis Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 30: 1–9CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, E. A. (1994) The physiology of gastric storage and emptying Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. In Physiology of the gastrointestinal tract (ed. Johnson, L.R.Alpers, D.H.Christensen, J.Jacobson, E.D.Walsh, J.H.), pp. 929–976. Vol. 1, Raven Press, New York.Google Scholar
McCarthy, J.F.Aherne, F.X.Okai, D.B. (1974) Use of HCl insoluble ash as an index material for determining apparent digestibility with pigs Canadian Journal of Animal Science 54: 107–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Näsi, J.M.Helander, E.H.Partanen, K.H. (1995) Availability for growing pigs of minerals and protein of a high phytate barley-rapeseed meal diet treated with Aspergillus niger phytase or soaked with whey Animal Feed Science and Technology 56: 83–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nordic Committe on Feed Analysis. 1991. Determination by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in feedstuffs. Metals. No. 139Google Scholar
Nordic Committe on Feed Analysis. 2003. Determination in feeds and feeds according to Kjeldahl, fourth edition. Nitrogen. No. 6Google Scholar
Paditz, K.Kluth, H.Rodehutscord, M. (2004) Relationship between graded doses of three microbial phytases and digestible phosphorus in pigs Animal Science 78: 429–438CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patterson, H.D.Lucas, H.L. (1962) Change-over designs. North Carolina Agricultural Experimental Station Technical Bulletin. 147 Raleigh, USA North Carolina State CollegeGoogle Scholar
Pedersen, C.Lindberg, J.E. (2003) Effect of fermentation in a liquid diet on nitrogen metabolism in growing pigs EAAP publication 109: 641–644Google Scholar
Pointillart, A.Fontaine, N.Tomasset, M. (1984) Phytate phosphorus utilization and intestinal phosphatases in pigs fed low phosphorus: wheat or corn diets Nutrition Reports International 29: 473–483Google Scholar
Reale, A.Mannina, L.Tremonte, P. (2004) Phytate degradation by lactic acid bacteria and yeasts during the wholemeal dough fermentation: a 31P NMR study Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 52: 6300–6305CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodehutscord, M.Krause, G.Pfeffer, E. (1999) Effect of body weight on phosphorus digestibility and efficacy of a microbial phytase in young pigs Archives of Animal Nutrition 52: 139–153Google ScholarPubMed
Rutgersson, A.Bergman, E.L.Lingnert, H.Sandberg, A.S. (1997) Optimization of temperature, time, and lactic acid concentration to inactivate lipoxygenase and lipase and preserve phytase activity in barley (cv. Blenheim) during soaking Cereal Chemistry 74: 727–732CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simons, P.C. M. Versteegh, H.A. J. Jongbloed, A.W.Kemme, P.A.Slump, P.Bos, K.D.Wolters, M.G.E.Beudeker, R.F.Verschoor, G.J. (1990) Improvement of phosphorus availability by microbial phytase in broilers and pigs British Journal of Nutrition 64: 525–540CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simonsson, A. (1994) Näringsrekommendationer och fodermedelstabeller för svin Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Research Information. Husdjur 71 Uppsala, Sweden SLU Info/ReproGoogle Scholar
Skoglund, E.Carlsson, N.G.Sandberg, A.S. (1997a) Determination of isomers of inositol mono- to hexaphosphates in selected feeds and intestinal contents using high-performance ion chromatography Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 45: 431–436CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Skoglund, E.Larsen, T.Sandberg, A.S. (1997b) Comparison between steeping and pelleting a mixed diet at different calcium levels on phytate degradation in pigs Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77: 471–477CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute (1998) SAS/STAT users guide, version 8.02 Cary, NC Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc.Google Scholar
Van Leeuwen, P. van Kleef, D.J.van Kempen, G.J.M.Huisman, J.Verstegen, M.W.A. (1991) The post valve T-caecum cannulation technique in pigs applicated to determine the digestibility of amino acid in maize, groundnut and sunflower meal Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 65: 183–193CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weizhong, C. Udén, P. (1998) An alternative oven method combined with different detergent strengths in the analysis of neutral detergent fibre Animal Feed Science and Technology 74: 281–288Google Scholar