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On-farm investigation of local chicken biodiversity and performance potentials in rural areas of Jordan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

A. Abdelqader ,
C.B.A. Wollny  and
M. Gauly
A. Abdelqader
Affiliation:
Animal Breeding and Husbandry in the Tropics and Subtropics, Georg August University Göttingen, Kellnerweg 6, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
C.B.A. Wollny
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
M. Gauly
Affiliation:
International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Summary

On-farm surveys were conducted to investigate the biodiversity of local chickens and their performance potential. The study was carried out in rural areas of northern Jordan. A sample of 846 adult local chickens was phenotypically characterized based on morphology, feather colors, comb shape and performance. Body measurements for cluster analyses were recorded on 460 adult females. The most predominant chicken type was the Jordan Baladi (67.3%) followed by the Pakistani (27.7%) and the Brahma (5%). Cluster analyses showed that the three populations are distinct. The Jordan Baladi and the Pakistani were closer to each other than the Brahma. Plumage colors were observed either as single color or mottled (a mix of many colors). The latter was the most predominant (23.1 %) followed by black (19.5%) and light brownish (19.1%). The single comb type was the most predominant (80.3%). Hens of the local chicken reached sexual maturity at about 22-30 weeks of age. The average clutch number was 1-5 per year, with 18-30 eggs per clutch. Each hen laid on average 68.9±3.3 eggs per year. The body size of adult females and males was about 1 240±10g and 1 890±30g, respectively. Indiscriminate crossbreeding was taking place frequently. Genetic characterization would complement the phenotypic characterization and should be conducted. This would help to initiate a program for the preservation of genetic diversity in local chickens in Jordan.

Résumé

Une enquête a été menée au nord de la Jordanie pour caractériser la diversité des poules locales ainsi que leur potentiel de production. Les informations recueillies sur un échantillon de 846 poules adultes portaient entre autres sur les caractéristiques morphologiques, la couleur du plumage et la forme de la crête. Il existe trois principales variétés de poules locales: le Baladi (67,3%), le Pakistani (27,7%) et le Brahma (5%). La couleur du plumage est soit uniforme soit composite. Les plumages bigarrées (23,1%), uniformément noires (19,5%) et uniformément brun clair (19,1%) sont prédominantes. La majorité (80,3%) des poules ont une seule crête. Les poules locales atteignent leur maturité sexuelle entre 22 et 30 mois d'âge. Le nombre moyen de couvée par an varie entre 1 et 5 et le nombre d'oeufs par couvée entre 18 et 30. Chaque poule couve en moyenne 68,9±3,3 oeufs par an. Le poids moyen de la femelle adulte est de 1 240±10 g et celui du male adulte de 1 890±30 g. Des métissages incontrôlés sont fréquents. Une caractérisation génétique est indispensable pour confirmer les résultats de la présente étude et pour l'initiation d'un programme de préservation de la diversité génétique existante entre et dans les races locales de poules en Jordanie.

Resumen

Se ha llevado a cabo una encuesta en el norte de Jordania para caracterizar la diversidad de las razas de gallinas locales así como su potencial de producción . Las informaciones recogidas sobre una muestra de 846 gallinas adultas comprendían, entre otras, las características morfológicas, el color de las plumas y la forma de la cresta. Existen tres principales razas de gallinas locales: la Baladi (67,3%), la Pakistani (27,7%) y la Brahma (5%). El color de la pluma es o bien uniforme o bien compuesto. Predominan los plumajes compuestos con el 23,1%, los negros con el 19,5% y los marrones 68,9±3,3 huevos por año. El peso medio de la hembra adulta es de 1,240±10 gr y el del macho adulto de 1,890±30 gr. Son frecuentes los cruces incontrolados. Es indispensable iniciar una caracterización genética para confirmar los resultados del presente estudio y para poder iniciar un programa de conservación de la diversidad genética existente entre y dentro de la razas locales de gallinas en Jordania.

Keywords

Genetic resourcesJordanLocal chickenPerformancePhenotype diversity.
Type
Research Articles
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 43 , April 2008 , pp. 49 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2008

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References

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