Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T22:33:02.337Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Search for History in Mixtec Codices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2008

Maarten Jansen
Affiliation:
Rijksuniversiteit, Archeologisch Centrum, Postbus 9515, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands

Abstract

This article begins with a historical review of the study of ancient Mixtec civilization and how codices became alienated from the Oaxaca region and culture. Current interpretations of codices' geographic reality, their religious dimension, and the problems of chronology are discussed. Accurate interpretation of the Mixtec codices is shown to be very much dependent on the collaboration of modern Mixtecs, as the inheritors of the ancient culture.

Type
Special Section: Rethinking Mixtec Codices
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

René, Acuña (editor) 1984 Relaciones Geográficas del siglo XVI: Antequera. 2 vols. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
Adelhofer, Otto 1974 Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Alexander, Ruth Mary 1980 Gramática Mixteca, Mixteco de Atatlahuca. Institute Linguístico de Verano, México.Google Scholar
Alvarado, Francisco de 1963 (1593) Vocabulario en lengua mixteca, hecho por los padres de la orden de predicadores que residen en ella, y últimamente recopilado y acabado por el Padre … Vicario de Tamazulapa, de la misma orden. Institute Nacional Indígenista-Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Anders, Ferdinand 1967 Wort- und Sachregister zu Eduard Seler, Gesammelte Abhandlungen. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Anders, Ferdinand, and Jansen, Maarten 1988 Schrift und Buch im alten Mexiko. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Anders, Ferdinand, and Troike, Nancy 1987 Codex Zouche-Nuttall, Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
APIBAC (Alianza de Profesionistas Indigenas Bilingües A.C.) 1980 Los Indígenas y su Política Educativa. Los Remedios Ixmiquilpan.Google Scholar
Brioso, y Candiani Manuel 1910 Biografía del Sr. Manuel M. Gracida. Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Brotherston, Gordon 1983 The Year 3113 BC and the Fifth Sun of Mesoamerica: An Orthodox Reading of the Tepexic Annals (Codex Vindobonensis obverse). In Calendars in Mesoamerica and Peru: Native American Computations of Time, edited by Aveni, Anthony F. and Brotherston, Gordon, pp. 167220. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.Google Scholar
Brotherston, Gordon 1985 The Sign Tepexic in its Textual Landscape. Ibero-Amerikanische Archiv N.F. XI(2):209251.Google Scholar
Burgoa, Francisco de 1934 (1674) Geográfica Descripción. 2 vols. Publicaciones del Archivo General de la Nación 25–26. Talleres Gráficos de la Nación, México.Google Scholar
Burland, Cottie 1955 The Selden Roll. Ibero-Amerikanische Bibliothek zu Berlin, Berlin.Google Scholar
Burland, Cottie 1965 Codex Egerton 2895. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Byland, Bruce E., and Pohl, John M.D. 1989 In the Realm of 8 Deer. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, in press.Google Scholar
Carriedo, Juan B. 1949 (1847) Estudios históricos y estadísticos del estado Oaxaqueño. Biblioteca de Autores y de Asuntos Oaxaqueños, Próloge de Jorge Fernando Iturribarría, México.Google Scholar
Casas, Alejandro, Viveros, Juan Luis, Katz, Esther, and Caballero, Javier 1987 Las plantas en la alimentación mixteca: Una aproximación etnobotánica. América Indígena XLVII(2):317343.Google Scholar
Caso, Alfonso 1949 El Mapa de Teozacoalco. Cuadernos Americanos VIII(5): 145181.Google Scholar
Caso, Alfonso 1960 Interpretación del Códice Bodley 2528. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, México.Google Scholar
Caso, Alfonso 1964 Interpretación del Códice Selden 3135. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, México.Google Scholar
Caso, Alfonso 19771979 Reyes y Reinos de la Mixteca. 2 vols. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.Google Scholar
Alfonso, Caso, and Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1966 Intrepretación del Códice Colombino/Interpretation of the Codex Colombino; Las glosas de Códice Colombino/The Glosses of Codex Colombino. Sociedad Mexicana de Antropología, México.Google Scholar
Castellanos, Abraham 1910 El Rey Iukano y los Hombres del Oriente. Leyenda indígena inspirada en los restos del “Códice Colombino.” A. Carranza e Hijos, México.Google Scholar
Ward, Churchill (editor) 19881989 Critical Issues in Native North America. I.W.G.I.A. Document 62. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Clark, James Cooper 1912 The Story of “Eight Deer” in Codex Colombino. Taylor and Francis, London.Google Scholar
Clark, James Cooper 1938 The Mexican Manuscript Known as the Collection of Mendoza and Preserved in the Bodleian Library. Waterlow and Sons, London.Google Scholar
Becker, Codex: See Nowotny, 1961b.Google Scholar
Bodley, Codex 2858: See Caso, 1960.Google Scholar
Colombino, Codex: See Caso, and Smith, 1966.Google Scholar
Egerton, Codex 2895: See Burland, 1965.Google Scholar
Mendoza, Codex: See Clark, 1938.Google Scholar
Nuttall, Codex: See Anders, and Troike, 1987.Google Scholar
Seiden, Codex 3135 (A.2): See Caso, 1964.Google Scholar
Sierra, Codex: See León, 1982.Google Scholar
Vindobonensis, Codex: See Adelhofer, 1974.Google Scholar
Corona, Nuñez José 1967 Antigüedades de México, basadas en la recopilación de Lord Kingsborough IV. Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público, México.Google Scholar
Dahlgren de Jordán, Barbro 1954 La Mixteca: su cultura e historia prehispánicas. Imprenta Universitaria, México.Google Scholar
Dorson, R.M. 1955 The eclipse of solar mythology. Journal of American Folklore 68:393416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dyk, Anne 1959 Mixteco Texts. Summer Institute of Linguistics, Norman.Google Scholar
Dyk, Ann, and Stoudt, Betty 1973 Vocabulario mixteco de San Miguel el Grande. Instituto Linguístico de Verano, México.Google Scholar
Eschmann, Anncharlot 1976 Das religiose Geschichtsbild der Azteken. Indiana Beiheft 4. Berlin.Google Scholar
Fischer, Sibylle, and Durr, Michael 1988 Cómo descifrar lo auténtico: Un ejemplo del indigenismo mixteco visto a través de sus fuentes. Ibero-Amerikanisches Archiv N.F. 14(2):149172.Google Scholar
Kent, Flannery, and Marcus, Joyce (editors) 1983 The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1977 The Tree Birth Tradition in the Mixteca, Mexico. Journal of Latin American Lore 3(2):183226Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1978a Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I: A Commentary. Institute of Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1978b The Life and Times of 8 Wind “Flinted Eagle.” Alcheringa 4(1):237.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1978c The Year 1 Reed, Day 1 Alligator: A Mixtec Metaphor. Journal of Latin American Lore 4(1):93128.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1982 Skeletonization in Mixtec Art: A Re-evaluation. In The Art and Iconography of Late Post-Classic Central Mexico, edited by Boone, Elizabeth H., pp. 207225. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1986 The Lords of “Place of the Ascending Serpent:” Dynastie Succession on the Nuttall Obverse. In Symbol and Meaning Beyond the Ciosed Community. Essays in Mesoamerican Ideas, edited by Gossen, Gary H., pp. 5768. Institute of Mesoamerican Studies, State University of New York, Albany.Google Scholar
Furst, Jill L. 1987 Mixtec Narrative Conventions and Variations: Problems in Defining Codex Nuttall as Mixtec. Latin American Indian Literatures Journal 3(1):926.Google Scholar
García, fray Gregorio 1981 (1607) Origen de los Indios del Nuevo Mundo. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México.Google Scholar
Garduño, Cervantes Julio 1983 El final del silencio: Documentos indígenas de México. La red de Jonas, México.Google Scholar
Gay, José Antonio 1978 (1881) Historia de Oaxaca. 2 vols. Gobiernoel Estado, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Margarita, Gaxiola, and Jansen, Maarten (editors) 1978 Primera Mesa Redonda de Estudios Mixtecos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Glass, John B. 1975 A Survey of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 14: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, edited by Cline, Howard F., pp. 380. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Glass, John B., and Robertson, Donald 1975 A Census of Native Middle American Pictorial Manuscripts. In Handbook of Middle American Indians, Vol. 14: Guide to Ethnohistorical Sources, edited by Cline, Howard F., pp. 81252. University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, Solana Nelly 1987 Avances en los estudios sobre los Códices Mixtecos (1973–84). Anales del Instituto de Investigaciones Estéticas 58:3545.Google Scholar
Herrera, y Tordesillas Antonio de 1947 Historia General de los Hechos de los Castellanos en las Islas y Tierra firme del Mar Océano 6. Academia de la Historia, Madrid.Google Scholar
Hochleitner, Franz Joseph, and de Paula, Ana Paula 1987 Princípios de uma determinação cronológia do codex Vindobonensis. In Novas Interpretações do Codex Vindobonensis, edited by Hochleitner, Franz Joseph, de Paula, Ana Paula, and Krumbach, Helmut, pp. 546. Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora.Google Scholar
Hvidtveldt, Årild 1959 Teotl and Ixiptlatli: Some Central Conceptions in Ancient Mexican Religion. Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Ibach, Thomas J. 1980 A Man Born of a Tree: A Mixtec Origin Myth. Tlalocan VIII:243247.Google Scholar
Ibach, Thomas J. 1981 The Temazcal and Humoral Medicine in Santa Cruz Mixtepec, Juxtlahuaca, Oaxaca, Mexico. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Tennessee, Knoxville.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1982a Viaje al Otro Mundo: La Tumba I de Zaachila. In Coloquio internacional Los indígenas de México en la época precolombina y en la actualidad, edited by Jansen, Maarten and Leyenaar, Ted, pp. 87118. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1982b Huisi Tacu, estudio interpretativo de un libro mixteco antiguo: Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus I. Centrum voor Studie en Documentatie van Latijns Amerika, Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1985 Las lenguas divinas del México precolonial. Boletín de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 38:314.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1987 Dzavuindanda, Ita Andehui y lukano, historia y leyenda mixteca. Boletin de Estudios Latinoamericanos y del Caribe 42:7189.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1988a The Art of Writing in Ancient Mexico: An Ethno-iconological Perspective. Visible Religion VI:86113.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1988b Dates, Deities and Dynasties, non-durational time in Mixtec historiography. In Continuity and Identity in Native America: Essays in Honor of Benedikt Hartmann, edited by Jansen, Maarten, van der Loo, Peter, and Manning, Roswitha, pp. 156192. E.J. Brill, Leiden.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1989 Nombres Históricos e Identidad Etnica en los Códices Mixtecos. European Review of Latin American and Caribbean Studies, Amsterdam, 47, pp. 6587.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten, and Pérez, Gabina Aurora 1983 The Ancient Mexican Astronomical Apparatus: An Iconographical criticism. Archaeoastronomy VI(1–4): 8995.Google Scholar
Jansen, Maarten 1986 Iyadzehe Añute: Valor literario de los Códices mixtecos. In Etnicidad y pluralismo cultural, La dinámica étnica en Oaxaca, edited by Barabas, Alicia M. and Bartolomé, Miguel A., pp. 173211. Instituto Nacional de Antropologia e Historia, Mexico.Google Scholar
Jiménez, Moreno, Wigberto, , and Higuera, Salvador Mateos 1940 Códice de Yanhuitlan. Institute Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México.Google Scholar
Josserand, J. Kathryn 1983 Mixtec Dialect History. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Tulane University, New Orleans.Google Scholar
Josserand, J. Kathryn, Jansen, Maarten, and Romero, Maria Angeles 1984 Mixtec Dialectology: Inferences from Linguistics and Ethnohistory. In Essays in Otomanguean Culture History, edited by Josserand, J. K., Winter, Marcus, and Hopkins, Nicholas, pp. 141225. Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 31, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Karl-Heinz, Kohl, and Schmid, Marion (editors) 1982 Mythen der Neuen Welt: Zur Entdeckungsgeschichte Lateinamerikas. Frolich und Kaufmann, Berlin.Google Scholar
Kohler, Ulrich 1985 Olmeke und Jaguare, Zur Deutung von Mischwesen in der präklassischen Kunst Mesoamerikas. Anthropos 80:1552.Google Scholar
Konig, Viola 1979 Inhaltliche Analyse und Interpretation von Codex Egerton. Beiträge zur mittelamerikanischen Volkerkunde XV, Hamburg.Google Scholar
Konig, Viola 1984 Der Lienzo Seier II und seine Stellung innerhalb der Coixtlahuaca Gruppe. Baessler Archiv N.F. 32(2):229320.Google Scholar
Kreichgauer, Damian 1917 Die Astronomie der grossen Wiener Handschrift aus Mexiko. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien Phil. hist. Klasse 182(5).Google Scholar
Krumbach, Helmut 1982 Schwitzbaddarstellungen und deren Symbole in bilderhandschriften aus Mexiko. Zeitschrift fur Ethnologie 107(1):95128.Google Scholar
La, Cruz Victor de 1983 Genealogía de los Gobernantes de Zaachila. Culturas Populares, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Lehmann, Walter, and Smital, Ottokar 1929 Codex Vindobonensis Mexic. 1. Verlag fur Nord u. Südamerika Kunstanstalt M. Jaffè, Vienna.Google Scholar
Lemaire, Ton 1986 De Indiaan in ans Bewustzijn. De ontmoeting van de Oude met de Nieuwe Wereld. Ambo, Baarn.Google Scholar
León, Nicolás 1982 (1933) Códice Sierra Editorial Innovación, México.Google Scholar
Lind, Michael 1979 Postclassic and Early Colonial Mixtec Hauses in the Nochixtlan Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 23, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Long, Richard C.E. 1926 The Zouche Codex. Journal of the Koyal Anthropological Society 51:239258.Google Scholar
Loo, Peter L. van der 1988 Old Models and New Tools in the Study of Mesoamerican Religion. In Continuity and Identity in Native America, edited by Jansen, Maarten, van der Loo, Peter, and Manning, Roswitha, pp. 4257. E.J. Brill, Leiden.Google Scholar
López, Austin Alfredo 1973 Hombre-Dios, religión y política en el mundo nahuatl. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
López, Austin Alfredo 1980 Cuerpo Humano e ideología, las concepciones de los antiquos nahuas. 2 vols. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México.Google Scholar
López, Ruiz Mariano 1898 Estudio cronológico sobre la dinastía mixteca. Memorias de la Sociedad Científica “Antonio Alzate” XI:431448.Google Scholar
Mak, Cornelia 1959 Mixtec Medical Beliefs and Practices. América Indígena XIX(2):125150.Google Scholar
Martínez, Gracida Manuel 1883 Colección de Cuadros sinópticos de los pueblos, haciendas y ranchos del Estado libre y soberano de Oaxaca. Gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Martínez, Gracida Manuel 1986 Los Indios Oaxaqueños y sus monumentos arqueológicos. Gobierno del Estado de Oaxaca, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Martínez, Gracida Manuel, and Ruiz, Mariano Lopez 1906 Ita Andehui, leyenda mixteca. Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Melgarejo, Vivanco José Luis 1980 El Códice Vindobonensis. Institute de Antropología, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa.Google Scholar
Mendez, Aquino Alejandro 1985 Historia de Tlaxiaco. Compañia Editorial Impresora y Distribuidora, México.Google Scholar
Monaghan, John D. 1990 The Great Pact with the Earth: Contemporary Mixtec Mythology and the Vienna Codex. American Antiquity, in press.Google Scholar
Nicholson, H.B. 1978 The Deity 9 Wind “Ehecatl-Quetzalcoatl” in the Mixteca Pictorials. Journal of Latin American Lore 4(1):6192.Google Scholar
Nowotny, Karl Anton 1948 Erlauterungen zum Codex Vindobonensis (Vorderseite). Archiv fur Volkerkunde III:156200.Google Scholar
Nowotny, Karl Anton 1960 Mexikanische Kostbarkeiten aus Kunstkammern der Renaissance im Museum fur Volkerkunde in Wien und in der Nationalbibliothek Wien. Vienna.Google Scholar
Nowotny, Karl Anton 1961a Tlacuilolli: die mexikanischen Bilderhandschriften: Stil und Inhalt, mit einem Katalog der Codex Borgia Gruppe. Monumenta Americana, Verlag Gebr. Mann, Berlin.Google Scholar
Nowotny, Karl Anton 1961b Codices Becker I/II. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Ortíz, López Pedro C. 1982 Análisis morfosintáctico del constituyente nominal del mixteco de Santa María Yucuhiti Oaxaca. Etnolinguística. S.E.P-Instituto Nacional Indígenista, México.Google Scholar
Parmenter, Ross 1982 Four Lienzos of the Coixtlahuaca Valley. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Parmenter, Ross 1988 Cracking the Codices: The Contribution of Zelia Nuttall. Manuscript in possession of author.Google Scholar
Pastor, Rodolfo 1987 Campesino y Reformas: La Mixteca. 1700–1856. El Colegio de México, México.Google Scholar
Paulat, Legorreta Jorge 1969 Una leyenda Mixteca. Anales del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, séptima época, I:181184.Google Scholar
Paw, 1951 Algunas observaciones acerca de la religión de los mixtecos guerrerenses. Revista Mexicana de Estudios Antropológicos XII: 147164.Google Scholar
Pérez, Gabina Aurora 1988 Sain Sau, introducción al mixteco de Chalcatongo. In Continuity and Identity in native America, essays in honor of Benedikt Hartmann, edited by Jansen, Maarten, van der Loo, Peter, and Manning, Roswitha, pp. 132155. E.J. Brill, Leiden.Google Scholar
Pohl, John 1984 The Earth Lords: Politics and Symbolism of the Mixtec Codices. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Rabin, Emily. 1979 The War of Heaven in Codices Zouche-Nuttall and Bodley: A Preliminary Study. Actas del XLII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas (Paris) VII.173182.Google Scholar
Rabin, Emily 1981 Chronology of the Mixtec Historical Codices: An Overview. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting American Society for Ethnohistory, Colorado Springs.Google Scholar
Rabin, Emily 1982 Confluence in Zapotec and Mixtec Ethnohistories: The 1560 Genealogy of Macuilxochitl. Papers in Anthropology (Norman) 23(2):359368.Google Scholar
Ramsey, James R. 1982 An examination of Mixtec Iconography. In Aspects of the Mixteca-Puebla Style and Mixtec and Central Mexican Culture in Southern Mesoamerica, edited by Stone, Doris, pp. 3242. Middle American Research Institute Occasional Paper 4, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Reyes, Antonio de los 1976 (1593) Arte en Lengua Mixteca. Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 14, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Robertson, Donald 1982a A preliminary Note on the Codex Tulane. In Coloquio internacional los indígenas de México en la época precolombina y en la actualidad, edited by Jansen, Maarten and Leyenaar, Ted, pp. 223231. Rijksmuseum voor Volkenkunde, Leiden.Google Scholar
Robertson, Donald 1982b Some Comments on Mixtec Historical Manuscripts. In Aspects of the Mixteca-Puebla Style and Mixtec and Central Mexican Culture in Southern Mesoamerica, edited by Stone, Doris, pp. 1526. Middle American Research Institute Occasional Paper 4. Tulane University, New Orleans, LA.Google Scholar
Rock, Fritz 1935 Ein altindianisches Bilderbuch. Frohes Schaffen XI: 193204. Wien.Google Scholar
Romero, Frizzi Ma. de los Angeles 1976 Indice del archivo deljuzgado de Tepozcolula. Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historica, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Romero, Frizzi Ma. de los Angeles 1985 Economía y vida de los españoles en la Mixteca Alta, 1519–1720. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Universidad Ibero-Americana, México.Google Scholar
Scheicher, Elisabeth 1979 Die Kunst- und Wunderkammern der Habsburger. Melden Edition, Vienna/Munich/Zurich.Google Scholar
Schultze, Jena Leonhard 1938 Indiana III: Bei den Azteken, Mixteken und Tlapaneken der Sierra Madre del Sur von Mexiko. Verlag Gustav Fischer, Jena.Google Scholar
Séjourné, Laurette 1981 El Pensamiento Náhautl Cifrado por los Calendarios. Siglo Veintiuno, Mexico.Google Scholar
Seler, Eduard 19601961 (19021923) Gesammelte Abhandlungen zur Amerikanischen Sprach- und Altertumskunde. 5 vols. Akademische Druck- u. Verlagsanstalt, Graz.Google Scholar
Seler-Sachs, Caecilie 1900 Auf alten Wegen in Mexiko und Guatemala. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Silva, Fuentes Fidelia 1988 Poesía y poetas de Nochixtlan. Colección Siete Venado, Casa de la Cultura, Oaxaca.Google Scholar
Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1973a Picture Writing from Ancient Southern Mexico: Mixtec Place Signs and Maps. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1973b The relationship between Mixtec manuscipt painting and the Mixtec language. In Mesoamerican Writing Sytems, edited by Benson, Elizabeth P., pp. 4798. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1979 Codex Becker II: A Manuscript from the Mixteca Baja? Archiv fur Volkerkunde 33:2943.Google Scholar
Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1983 Codex Seiden: A Manuscript from the Valley of Nochixtlan. In The Cloud People: Divergent Evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec Civilizations, edited by Flannery, Kent V. and Marcus, Joyce, pp. 248255. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Smith, Mary Elizabeth 1988 It Doesn't Amount to a Hill of Beans: The Frijol Motif in Mixtec Place Signs. In Smoke and Mist: Mesoamerican Studies in Memory of Thelma D. Sullivan, edited by Josserand, J. Kathryn and Dakin, Karen, pp. 696710. British Archaeological Reports International Series 402, Oxford.Google Scholar
Spinden, Herbert 1935 Indian Manuscripts of Southern Mexico. Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution, 7953:429451.Google Scholar
Spinden, Herbert 1940 Diffusion of Maya Astronomy. In The Maya and their Neighbors: Essays on Middle American Anthropology and Archaeology, edited by Hay, Clarence L., Linton, Ralph L., Lothrop, Samuel K., Shapiro, Harry L., and Vaillant, George C., pp. 162178. Appleton-Century, New York.Google Scholar
Spores, Ronald 1967 The Mixtec Kings and Their People. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Spores, Ronald 1972 An Archaeological Settlement Survey of the Nochixtlan Valley, Oaxaca. Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 1, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Spores, Ronald 1974a Stratigraphic Excavations in the Nochixtlan Valley, Oaxaca, Mexico. Vanderbilt University Publications in Anthropology 11, Nashville, TN.Google Scholar
Spores, Ronald 1974b Marital Alliance in the Political Integration of Mixtec Kingdoms. American Anthropologist 76:297311.Google Scholar
Spores, Ronald 1984 The Mixtecs in Ancient and Colonial Times. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.Google Scholar
Toorians, Lauran 1983 Some Light in the dark Century of Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1. Codices Manuscripti IX:2629.Google Scholar
Toorians, Lauran 1984 Codex Vindobonensis Mexicanus 1, its History Completed. Codices Manuscripti X:8797.Google Scholar
Torquemada, Juan de 19751979 Monarquía Indiana. 6 vols. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1974 The Codex Colombino-Becker. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of London.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1978 Fundamental Changes in the Interpretation of the Mixtec Codices. American Antiquity 43(4):553568.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1979 Preliminary Notes on Stylistic Patterns in the Codex Bodley. Actas del XLII Congreso Internacional de Americanistas VII:183192.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1980 The Identification of Individuais in the Codex Colombino-Becker. Tlalocan VIII:397418.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1982a Studying Style in the Mixtec Codices: An Analysis of Variations in the Codex Colombino-Becker. In Pre-Columbian Art History, edited by Cordy-Collins, Alana, pp. 119151. Peek Publications, Palo Alto, CA.Google Scholar
Troike, Nancy 1982b The Interpretation of Postures and Gestures in the Mixtec Codices. In The Art and Iconography of Late Post-Classic Central Mexico, edited by Boone, Elizabeth H., pp. 175206. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, DC.Google Scholar