Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
1 July 28, 1951, 189 UNTS 150.
2 Jan. 31, 1967, 19 UST 6223, 606 UNTS 267. This Protocol removed the 1951 Convention’s temporal and geographic restrictions. The United States, though not a party to the Convention, became a party to the Protocol in 1968.
3 See Arthur, C. Helton, Persecution on Account of Membership in a Social Group as a Basis for Refugee Status, 15 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 39 (1983).Google Scholar
4 See Arthur, C. Helton & Nicoll, Alison, Female Genital Mutilation as Ground for Asylum in the United States: The Recent Case of In ReFauziya Kasinga and Prospects for More Gender Sensitive Approaches, 28 Colum. Hum. Rts. L. Rev. 375 (1997).Google Scholar
5 United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, the State of the World’s Refugees: Fifty Years of Humanitarian Action 10 (2000).
6 See Arthur, C. Helton, The Malaysian Policy to Redirect Vietnamese Boat People: Non-Refoulement as a Human Rights Remedy, 24 N.Y.U. J. Int’l L. & Pol. 1203, 1211-14 (1992).Google Scholar
7 See Guy, S. Goodwin Gill, The Refugee in International Law 181 (1996).Google Scholar
8 See Treaty Establishing the European Community, Nov. 10, 1997, Art. 63, O.J. (C 340) 3 (1997), reprinted in 37 ILM 56 (1998).
9 Convention Determining the State Responsible for Examining Applications for Asylum Lodged in One of the Member States of the European Communities, June 15, 1990, 30 ILM 425 (1991).
10 Sec UN Doc. CIREFCA/89/14 (1989).
11 See, e.g., International Conference on Indo-Chinese Refugees, Geneva, 13-14 June 1989, Declaration and Comprehensive Plan of Action, in Note by the Secretary-General, UN Doc. A/CONF.148/2 (1989).