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Congress Approves U.S. Free-Trade Agreements with Colombia, Korea, and Panama, Utilizing Unusual Procedure for Korea Agreement
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 20 January 2017
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- Type
- Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law
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- Copyright © American Society of International Law 2012
References
1 The editor records his appreciation to Professor Steve Charnovitz, of the Board of Editors, who guided and coauthored this item.
2 For White House summaries of the agreements, see White House Press Release, Statement from President Obama on the Submission of the Korea, Colombia, and Panama Trade Agreements (Oct. 3, 2011), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/03/statement-president-obama-submission-korea-colombia- and-panama-trade-agr.
3 White House Press Release, Messages from the President to Congress Regarding Trade Agreements—U.S. Colombia (Oct. 3, 2011), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/03/messages-president-congress-regarding-trade-agreements-us-columbia.
4 White House Press Release, Messages from the President to Congress Regarding Trade Agreements—U.S. Korea (Oct. 3, 2011), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/03/messages-president-congress-regarding-trade-agreements-us-korea.
5 White House Press Release, Messages from the President to Congress Regarding Trade Agreements—U.S. Panama (Oct. 3, 2011), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/03/messages-president-congress-regarding-trade-agreements-us-panama.
6 The three implementing acts are H.R. 3078, the United States-Colombia Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, H.R. 3079, the United States-Panama Trade Promotion Agreement Implementation Act, and H.R. 3080, the United States-Korea Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act.
7 Felicia Sonmez & Zachary A. Goldfarb, Senate Deal Reached on Trade Pacts, Wash. Post, Aug. 5, 2011, at A15; Jennifer Steinhauer, Washington Impasse Traps Trade Deals, N.Y. TIMES, Aug. 26, 2011, at A9; Binyamin Appelbaum & Jennifer Steinhauer, Trade Deals Pass Congress, Ending 5-Year Standoff, N.Y. Times, Oct. 13,2011, at A1.
8 White House Press Release, Statement by the Press Secretary (Oct. 21, 2011), at http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/21/statement-press-secretary. In addition to the acts approving and implementing the three agreements, the president also approved H.R. 2832, the Trade Adjustment Assistance Extension Act of 2011, reauthorizing the Trade Adjustment Assistance program through December 31, 2013.
9 Binyamin Appelbaum, Textile Makers Struggle to Be Heard on South Korea Free Trade Pact, N.Y. Times, Oct. 12, 2011, at B3.
10 Howard Spencer, U.S.-Colombia Trade Pact Faces Hurdles, Wash. Post, Mar. 30, 2011, at A15; Levin Opposes Colombia Trade Deal, Wash. Post, June 28, 2011, at A10.
11 Sewell Chan, South Korea and U.S. Reach Deal on Trade, N.Y. Times, Dec. 4,2010, at B1; Steven Greenhouse, 2 Unions’ Backing Helps Chances of Trade Pact with South Korea, N.Y. Times, Dec. 9, 2010, at Bl; Howard Schneider, Some Unions Say Trade Pact with South Korea Will Cost U.S. Jobs, Wash. Post, Dec. 10, 2010, at A15.
12 Howard Schneider, Senators Threaten to Hold Up Korean Pact, Wash. Post, Mar. 10, 2011, at A17; Helene Cooper, U.S. and Colombia Said to Reach Trade Deal, N.Y. Times, Apr. 6,2011, at B10; Helene Cooper & Steven Greenhouse, Colombia Trade Deal Advances, N.Y. TIMES, Apr. 7,2011, at В1; Howard Schneider & Juan Forero, Colombia Agrees to Protect Unions, Wash. Post, Apr. 7, 2011, at A14; Editorial, The Trade Trade, Wash. Post, May 1, 2011, at A22; Gains on Colombia Send Trade Pacts to Congress, N.Y. Times, May 5, 2011, at B6.
13 Jackie Calmes, Trade Deal with Panama Clears Hurdle over Taxes, N.Y. Times, Apr. 20, 2011, at B4; Gains on Colombia, supra note 12.
14 Binyamin Appelbaum, Ultimatum Holding Up Trade Deals, N.Y. Times, May 17, 2011, at B1; Zachary A. Goldfarb, Low-Key Nominee, High-Intensity Fight, Wash. Post, June 1, 2011, at A15; Binyamin Appelbaum, Free Trade Standoff Is Resolved, N.Y. Times, Oct. 4, 2011, at B1; Editorial, A Deal for the Deals: Expanding Trade and Helping Displaced Workers Are Both Good for the Country, N.Y. Times, Oct. 10, 2011, at A20.
15 Zachary A. Goldfarb & Lori Montgomery, Congress Approves 3 Trade Accords, Wash. Post, Oct. 13, 2011, at A1.
16 19 U.S.C. §3803(a)(l).
17 Crook, John R., Contemporary Practice of the United States, 101 AJIL 866, 881 (2007)Google Scholar.
18 Chan, supra note 11; Schneider, supra note 12.
19 Office of the United States Trade Representative Press Release, Legal Text Reflecting December, 2010 Agreement (Feb. 10, 2011), at http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/korus-fta/legal-texts-reflecting-december-3-2010-agreement; see also Chan, supra note 11; Amy Tsui, USTR Issues Final Texts on Korea Pacts, Setting Stage for Legislative Consideration, 28 Int’l Trade Rep. (BNA) 272 (Feb. 17, 2011).
20 United States-Korea Free Trade Implementation Act, Pub. L. 112-41, 125 Stat. 428 (2011).
21 Office of the United States Trade Representative Press Release, supra note 19, at 1, 5.
22 Id. at 6.
23 Pub. L. 112-41, §2.
24 See, e.g., id, §§ 201, 321.
25 H.R. Rep. No. 112-239, at 24, available at http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CRPT-112hrpt239/pdf/CRPT-112hrpt239.pdf.
26 Chico Harlan, S. Korea Aims to Ratify Trade Deal Soon After U.S. Does, Wash. Post, Oct. 8,2011, at A9; South Korea Ratifies Long-delayed US Trade Deal, BBC News, Nov. 22, 2011, at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-15832451.