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Common Market Assimilation of Laws and the Outer World

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2017

Kurt H. Nadelmann
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Notes and Comments
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 58 , Issue 3 , July 1964 , pp. 724 - 728
Copyright
Copyright © 1964 by The American Society of International Law

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References

1 58 A.J.I.L. 1 (1964).

2 Ibid, at 27.

3 Final part of Art. 220 of the Treaty of March 25, 1957, 51 A.J.I.L. 930 (1957).

4 The following treaties on Recognition of Judgments exist among the Six: France- Belgium (1899), Netherlands-Belgium (1925), France-Italy (1930), Germany-Italy (1936), Germany-Belgium (1958), Netherlands-Italy (1959), Germany-Netherlands (1962), Belgium-Italy (1963).

5 See Bulletin of the European Economic Community 1-60, p. 39 (29). Cf. Parliamentary Question, J. O. des Communautfés Européennes, Oct. 31, 1959, No. 56, p. 1123 (59).

6 For discussion of parts of an early draft, see Weser, ‘ ‘ Bases of Judicial Jurisdiction in the Common Market Countries,” 10 A. J . Comp. Law 323 (1961). Of. Graupner, “Some Eecent Aspects of the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments in Western Europe,” 12 Int. and Comp. Law Q. 367 (1963).

7 The Montevideo Treaty on Civil Procedure of 1889, revised in 1940, 37 A.J.I.L. Supp. 149 (1943); the Bustamante Code on Private International Law, Arts. 423-433, 86 L.N. Treaty Series 120, 254; The International Conferences of American States 1889-1928, pp. 325, 433 (Scott ed., 1931).

8 Convention of March 16, 1932, 139 L.N. Treaty Series 181. See Philip, “The Scandinavian Conventions on Private International Law,” 96 Hague Academy Eecueil des Cours 242, 326 (1959).

9 Convention of Sept. 14, 1952, 8 Eevue Egyptienne de Droit International 333 (1952).

10 The basic study is Weser, “Les Conflits de Juridictions dans le Cadre du Marché Commun,” 48 Bev. Crit. de Droit Int. Priv§ 613 (1959); 49 ibid. 21, 151, 313, 533 (1960); 50 ibid. 105 (1961).

11 Loc. cit. note 1 above, at 27.

12 References to what follows may be found in Nadelmann, ‘ ‘ Jurisdictionally Improper Eora,” in XXth Century Comparative and Conflicts Law—Legal Essays in Honor of Hessel E. Yntema 321 (Nadelmann, von Mehren, and Hazard, eds., 1961).

13 Code of Civil Procedure, Art. 126 (3). See Kollewijn, American-Dutch Private International Law 30 (2d ed., 1961).

14 Code of Civil Procedure, Art. 23. See Nadelmann, loc. cit. note 12 above, at 328.

15 Code of Civil Procedure, Art. 764. See Kollewijn, op. cit. note 13 above, at 32.

16 Law of March 25, 1876, Art. 52(5), as interpreted by the courts. See 2 Répertoire Pratique du Droit Beige 486, V Competence en Matière Civile et Commerciale, No. 1770 (1930).

17 See Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U. S. 714 (1878); Leflar, Conflict of Laws 43 (1959).

18 for references see Nadelmann, loo. cit. note 12 above.

19 See the treaties listed in note 4 above. An interesting case arose in the Belgian courts in connection with the Franco-Belgian Treaty of 1899, which removes the applicability of Art. 14 (jurisdiction based on Trench nationality of the plaintiff). A judgment was obtained in Trance on the basis of Art. 14 against an Englishman. The highest court in Belgium refused to enforce the judgment. Belg. Cour de Cass., 1st Ch., July 1, 1904, Maryehurch et Cie v. La Compagnie Maritime Française, [1904] Pasierisie Beige I, 293, 319, [1904] Belgique Judieiaire 1329, 1346, 1 Bevue de Droit International Privé 166 (1905), 32 Journal du Droit International Prive 424 (1905).

20 Text in 51 A.J.I.L. 868 (1957).

21 A comparison may be made with the privileges and immunities clause of the American Constitution. U. 8. Const., Art. IV, $2. See Blake v. McClung, 172 U. S. 239 (1898).

22 See Ehrenzweig, Conflict of Laws 160 et seq. (1962).

23 gee Leflar, op. cit. note 17 above, at 55.

24 A quasi-in-rem judgment, as distinguished from an in personam judgment, “only binds the property seized or attached in the suit to the extent thereof; and is in no just sense a decree or judgment binding upon him beyond that property.” Story, Conflict of Laws ﹛549 (1834). See Eestatement, Judgments §§34-36 (1942); Eestatement, Conflict of Laws §§106-108 (1934). Cf. Nadelmann, loc. cit. note 12 above, at 328.

25 International Law Association, Eeport of the 49th Conference, Hamburg, I960, p. vi; 9 A. J. Comp. Law 518 (1960); 50 Eevue Critique de Droit International Privfi 438 (1961) (trans.).

26 Text published in 10 Nederlands Tijdschrift voor International Eecht 328 (1963).

27 Text in [1962] Handbook of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws 242; 11 A. J. Comp. Law 412 (1962).

28 Printed in 52 Revue Critique de Droit International Privé 676 (1963). Spanish version in 16 Boletiín del Institute de Dereeho Comparado de México, No. 48, p. 621 (1963).

29 1963: Illinois and Maryland. See 9B TJ.L.A. 1963 Pocket Part 27.

30 See Nadelmann, loc. tit. note 12 above, at 327.

31 Ibid. at 330.