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Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 February 2017

Marian Nash Leich
Marian Nash Leich*
Affiliation:
Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State
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American Journal of International Law , Volume 79 , Issue 4 , October 1985 , pp. 1044 - 1053
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of International Law 1985

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References

1 The Radio Broadcasting to Cuba Act, Pub. L. No. 98-111, approved Oct. 4, 1983, 97 Stat. 749, 22 U.S.C. §1465 et seq., contains the following statement of congressional findings and purposes, in section 2:

  • (1) that it is the policy of the United States to support the right of the people of Cuba to seek, receive, and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers, in accordance with article 19 of [the] Universal Declaration of Human Rights;

  • (2) that, consonant with this policy, radio broadcasting to Cuba may be effective in furthering the open communication of accurate information and ideas to the people of Cuba, in particular information about Cuba;

  • (3) that such broadcasting to Cuba, operated in a manner not inconsistent with the broad foreign policy of the United States and in accordance with high professional standards, would be in the national interest; and

  • (4) that the Voice of America already broadcasts to Cuba information that represents America, not any single segment of American society, and includes a balanced and comprehensive projection of significant American thought and institutions but that there is a need for broadcasts to Cuba which provide news, commentary and other information about events in Cuba and elsewhere to promote the cause of freedom in Cuba.

97 Stat. 749.

2 See Dept. St. Bull., No. 2100, July 1985, at 89.

3 See further 79 AJIL 431 (1985); 77 AJIL 875–76 (1983); and 75 AJIL 144–45 (1981). Return of the Mariel excludables under the 1984 Agreement had begun on Feb. 20, 1985, following denial on Feb. 1, 1985, by Supreme Court Justice William, H. Rehnquist, in his capacity as Circuit Justice, of an application to vacate stay, in Garcia-Mir v. Smith, No. A-582 (U.S. S.Ct. filed Jan. 28, 1985)Google Scholar.

1 On July 17, 1985, President Reagan transmitted the Supplementary Extradition Treaty to the Senate. For the text, see S. Treaty Doc. 8, 99th Cong., 1st Sess. (1985).

2 June 8, 1972, 28 UST 227, TIAS No. 8468 (entered into force Jan. 21, 1977).

3 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft (Hijacking), done Dec. 16, 1970, 22 UST 1641, TIAS No. 7192 (entered into force Oct. 14, 1971).

4 Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Acts Against the Safety of Civil Aviation (Sabotage), done Sept. 23, 1971, 24 UST 564, TIAS No. 7570 (entered into force Jan, 26, 1973).

5 Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of Crimes Against Internationally Protected Persons, Including Diplomatic Agents, done Dec. 14, 1973, 28 UST 1975, TIAS No. 8532 (entered into force Feb. 20, 1977).

6 International Convention Against the Taking of Hostages, GA Res. 34/146 (Dec. 17, 1979) (entered into force June 3, 1983; for the United States, Jan. 6, 1985).

7 Dept. of State File No. P85 0096–0902.

8 Done Jan. 27, 1977. For the text, see 15 ILM 1272 (1976).

9 See, e.g., In re Extradition of Patrick Doherty, 599 F.Supp. 270 (S.D.N.Y. 1984).

1 Title VI of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985, Pub. L. No. 98–164, §603, approved Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1017, 1042, 22 U.S.C. §4304. See 78 AJIL 435 (1984).

2 Dept. of State File No. P84 0141-1874. The insurance requirement applies, also, to vessels and aircraft registered in the United States.

1 Dept. of State File No. P84 0091-0626.

2 Id., No. P85 0001-0980. See farther 78 AJIL 437 (1984).

1 See 78 AJIL 430–35 (1984).

2 Dept. of State File No. P84 0174-1759.

3 Id., No. P84 0174-1762.

The Department of State also requested the United States Mission to the United Nations to dispatch notes similar to the two above, including in the first group of addressees all permanent missions and observer missions, except those listed in the second group of addressees, and including in the latter, as well, the Permanent Mission of the People’s Socialist Republic of Albania, the Permanent Mission of the Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, the Permanent Observer Mission of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea), and the Observer Mission of the Palestine Liberation Organization. Dept. of State to U.S. Mission to United Nations, telegrams, Dec. 18, 1984, Nos. State 370820 and 370821.

1 The Diplomatic Relations Act, Pub. L. No. 95-393, approved Sept. 30, 1978, is at 92 Stat. 808, 22 U.S.C. §254a–254e, 28 U.S.C. §§1364, 1351, and 1251(a), (b) (Supp. II 1978). The Foreign Missions Act, Title II of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1982 and 1983 (Pub. L. No. 97–241, approved Aug. 24, 1982,96 Stat. 273, 282, 22 U.S.C. §§2662, 4301–4313, 2684, 254a–254c, 28 U.S.C. §1364 (1982), 5 D.C.C. §418 (1981 ed., 1982 Cum. Supp.)), amended by the Foreign Missions Amendments Act of 1983, Title VI of the Department of State Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1984 and 1985 (Pub. L. No. 98–164, approved Nov. 22, 1983, 97 Stat. 1017, 1042, 22 U.S.C. §§254e, 4304a, 4303).

2 Dept. of State File No. P85 0039-1525.