Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-d8cs5 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-12T06:59:57.076Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Some Archaeological Correlates of Ranked Societies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Christopher S. Peebles  and
Susan M. Kus
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The evolutionary stage designated chiefdom or ranked society is examined for its utility in archaeological research. The concept of redistribution is abandoned as an indicator of chiefdoms. A cybernetic model of chiefdoms is presented, and measures of mortuary differentiation, ritual-regulatory networks, subsistence autonomy, and part-time craft specialization are proposed as indicators of this type of socio-political organization.

Type
Articles
Information
American Antiquity , Volume 42 , Issue 3 , July 1977 , pp. 421 - 448
Copyright
Copyright © Society for American Archaeology 1977 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adair, James 1775 History of the American Indians. London.Google Scholar
Ashby, Ross 1972 Systems and their informational measures. In Trends in general systems theory, edited by Klir, George, pp. 78-97. Wiley-Interscience, New York.Google Scholar
Ashby, W. Ross 1964 An introduction to cybernetics. Methuen and Company, London.Google Scholar
Beer, Stafford 1967 Cybernetics and management, second edition. The English Universities Press, London.Google Scholar
Beer, Stafford 1972 The brain of the firm. Herder and Herder, New York.Google Scholar
Bourne, Edward G. (Editor) 1904 Narratives of the career of Hernando DeSoto, 2 volumes. A. S. Barnes and Co., New York.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V. 1966a Spiro studies: Vol. I: descriptions of the mound group. Stovall Museum, Norman.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V. 1966b Spiro studies: Vol II: the graves and their contents. Stovall Museum, Norman.Google Scholar
Brown, James A. 1971 (Editor) Approaches to the social dimensions of mortuary practices. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 25.Google Scholar
Brown, James A. 1974 Regionalism, inter-regional exchange, and centrality in Mississippian systems. Paper prepared for the School of American Research Seminar on the emergence of the Mississippian.Google Scholar
Brown, James A. 1975 Spiro art and its mortuary contexts. In Death and the afterlife in pre-Columbian America, edited by Benson, Elizabeth P., pp. 1-32. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C.Google Scholar
Brown, James A. 1976 The southern cult reconsidered. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 1:115-35.Google Scholar
Carneiro, Robert L. 1970 A theory of the origin of the state. Science 169:733-38.Google Scholar
Carneiro, Robert L. 1974 A reappraisal of the roles of technology and organization in the origin of civilization. American Antiquity 39:179-86.Google Scholar
Chisholm, M. 1968 Rural Settlement and land use, second edition. Hutchinson, London.Google Scholar
Cohen, Ronald, and Shlegel, Alice 1968 The tribe as a socio-political unit: a cross-cultural examination. In Essays on the problem of tribe, edited by Helm, June, pp. 120–50. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
DeJarnette, David L., and Peebles, Christopher S. 1970 The development of Alabama archaeology-the Snow's Bend site. Journal of Alabama Archaeology 16:77-119. Durkheim, EmileGoogle Scholar
Chisholm, M. 1933, The division of labor in society. The Free Press, Glencoe.Google Scholar
Earle, Timothy K. 1973 Control hierarchies in the traditional economy Halelea district, Kauai Hawaii. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Chisholm, M. 1975 Redistribution: a reappraisal. Manuscript on file, University of California at Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Ellis, William 1917 A narrative of a tour through Hawaii, or Owhyhee; with remarks on the history, traditions, manners, customs and language of the inhabitants of the Sandwich Islands. Hawaiian Gazette Co., Honolulu. (A reprint of the 1827 edition.)Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V. 1968 The Olmec and the valley of Oaxaca: a model for interregional interaction in formative times. Dumbarton Oaks conference on the Olmecs, edited by Benson, Elizabeth P., pp. 79-110. Dumbarton Oaks, Washington, D.C. 1972 The cultural evolution of civilization. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 3:399-426.Google Scholar
Flannery, Kent V., Kirkby, Anne V. T., Kirkby, Michael J., and Williams, Aubrey W. Jr., 1967 Farming systems and political growth in ancient Oaxaca. Science 158:445-54.Google Scholar
Ford, Richard I. 1974 Northeastern archaeology: past and future directions. Annual Review of Anthropology 4:385-414.Google Scholar
Fried, Morton H. 1960 On the evolution of social stratification and the state. In Culture and History, edited by Diamond, Stanley, pp. 713–31. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Fried, Morton H. 1967 The evolution of political society. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Gibson, Jon L. 1974 Aboriginal warfare in the southeast: an alternative perspective. American Antiquity 39:130-33.Google Scholar
Goldman, Irving 1970 Ancient Polynesian society. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Griffin, James B. 1967 Eastern North American archaeology: a summary. Science 156:175-91.Google Scholar
Handy, E. S. Craighill 1940 The Hawaiian planter, Vol. 1. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 161.Google Scholar
Handy, E. S., and Handy, Elizabeth Breen 1972 Native planters in old Hawaii, their life, lore, and environment. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 233.Google Scholar
Harvey, David 1969 Explanation in geography. Edward Arnold, London.Google Scholar
Hatch, James W. 1974 Social dimensions of Dallas mortuary practices. M.A. thesis, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar
Hatch, James W. 1976 Status in death: principles of ranking in Dallas culture mortuary remains. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar
Ii, John Papa 1963 Fragments of Hawaiian history. Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Jarman, M. R., Vita-Finzi, C., and Higgs, E. S. 1972 Site catchment analysis in archaeology. In Man, settlement and urbanism, edited by Ucko, P. J., Tringham, R., and Dimbleby, G. W., pp. 61-68. Duckworth, London.Google Scholar
Kirchhoff, Paul 1955 The principles of clanship in human society. Davidson Anthropological Journal 1:1-10.Google Scholar
Kus, Susan 1973 Hawaiian agricultural rituals. Manuscript on file, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Larson, Lewis H. Jr., 1971 Settlement distribution during the Mississippian period. Southeastern Archaeological Conference Bulletin 13:19-25.Google Scholar
Larson, Lewis H. Jr., 1972 Functional considerations of warfare in the southeast during the Mississippi period. American Antiquity 37:383-92.Google Scholar
McKenzie, Douglas H. 1964 The Moundville phase and its position in Southeastern prehistory. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Malo, David 1951 Hawaiian antiquities, second edition. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 2.Google Scholar
Orans, Martin 1966 Surplus. Human Organizations, 25:24-32.Google Scholar
Peebles, Christopher S. 1971 Moundville and surrounding sites: some structural considerations of mortuary practices. In Approaches to the social dimensions of mortuary practices, edited by Brown, James A., pp. 68-91. Society for American Archaeology, Memoir 15.Google Scholar
Peebles, Christopher S. 1972 Monothetic-divisive analysis of the Moundville burials: an initial report. Newsletter of Computer Archaeology 8:1-13.Google Scholar
Peebles, Christopher S. 1974 Moundville: the organization of a prehistoric community and culture. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara.Google Scholar
Peebles, Christopher S. 1976 Untitled paper. Circulated in preprint form as Moundville paper #7. Manuscript on file with the University of Michigan, Ann ArborGoogle Scholar
Peebles, Christopher S. n.d. Excavations at Moundville: 1905-1951. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa. (In press, ms. 1976.)Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1971a Ritual, sanctity, and cybernetics. American Anthropologist 73:59-76.Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1971b The sacred in human evolution. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 2:23-44.Google Scholar
Rappaport, Roy A. 1974 Maladaptation in social systems. Manuscript on file with the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Renfrew, Colin 1973 Monuments, mobilization and social organization in Neolithic Wessex. In The explanation of culture change: models in prehistory, edited by Renfrew, Colin, pp. 539–58. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh.Google Scholar
Rothschild, Nan Asian 1975 Age and sex, status and role, in prehistoric societies of eastern North America. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, New York University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall 1958 Social stratification in Polynesia. University of Washington Press, Seattle.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall 1972 Stone age economics. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Sanders, William T., and Marino, Joseph 1970 New World prehistory. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs.Google Scholar
Sanders, William T., and Price, Barbara J. 1968 Mesoamerica: the evolution of a civilization. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Saxe, Arthur A. 1970 Social dimensions of mortuary practices. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Michigan. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Service, Elman R. 1962 Primitive social organization. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Service, Elman R. 1971 Primitive social organization, second edition. Random House, New York.Google Scholar
Service, Elman R. 1975 The origins of the state and civilization. W. W. Norton & Co., New York.Google Scholar
Shannon, Claude E., and Weaver, Warren 1949 The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.Google Scholar
Simon, Herbert A. 1973 The organization of complex systems. In Hierarchy theory, edited by Patee, Howard H., pp. 1-28. George Braziller, New York.Google Scholar
Slobodkin, Lawrence, and Rapoport, Anatol 1974 An optimal strategy of evolution. Quarterly Review of Biology 49:181-200.Google Scholar
Smith, Bruce D. 1974 The emergence and expansion of the Mississippian culture adaptation: a subsistence strategy viewpoint. Paper prepared for the School of American Research Advanced Seminar on Mississippian emergence.Google Scholar
Smith, Bruce D. 1975 Middle Mississippi exploitation of animal populations. Anthropological Papers of the Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 57.Google Scholar
Snow, Charles 1941 Anthropological studies at Moundville. Alabama Museum of Natural History Museum Paper 15.Google Scholar
Stevenson, Robert F. 1968 Population and political systems in tropical Africa. Columbia University Press, New York.Google Scholar
Tainter, Joseph 1973 Social correlates of mortuary patterning at Kaloko, North Kona, Hawaii. Archaeology and Physical Anthropology in Oceania 8:1-11.Google Scholar
Tainter, Joseph 1975 The archaeological study of social change: Woodland systems in west-central Illinois. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Varner, John, and Varner, Jeanette (Translators) 1951 The Florida of the Inca, by Garcilaso de la Vega The University of Texas Press, Austin.Google Scholar
Ward, Trawick 1965 Correlation of Mississippian sites and soil types. Southeastern Archaeological Conference, Bulletin 3:42-48.Google Scholar
Webb, Malcolm C. 1974 Exchange networks: prehistory. Annual Review of Anthropology 3:357-84.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1949 The science of culture. Grove Press, New York.Google Scholar
White, Leslie A. 1959 The evolution of culture. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Wiener, Norbert 1967 The human use of human beings. Avon, New York.Google Scholar
Willey, Gordon R., and Phillips, Philip 1958 Method and theory in American archaeology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.Google Scholar
Williams, Stephen (Editor) 1968 The Waring Papers: the collected works of Antonio J. Waring, Jr. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University, 58.Google Scholar
Wright, Henry T., III 1969 The administration of production in an early Mesopotamian town. Anthropological Papers, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan 38.Google Scholar
Wright, Henry T., III, and Johnson, Gregory A. 1975 Population, exchange, and early state formation in southwestern Iran. American Anthropologist 77:267-89.Google Scholar