Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T23:52:00.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Absent Body – A Social Gerontological Paradox

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 November 2018

Peter Öberg*
Affiliation:
Dept of Sociology, Uppsala University, Box 821, S-751 08Uppsala, Sweden

Abstract

This contribution, which is mainly theoretical, focuses on the paradox that, to a considerable extent, the body has been absent from social gerontology, despite the fact that in our culture, ageing is presented both in terms of surface and body and is experienced via the body. This paradox is brought into the open and clarified using as a starting point the ontological dualism of the Platonic-Christian tradition in which body and soul are seen as hierarchical opposites. The article shows how this dualism penetrates society and science and is carried on into the construction of gerontological concepts and theories, e.g. the ‘ageless self’ concept. The article also illustrates what consequences this dualism has for the everyday understanding of ageing based on biographical interviews with elderly Finnish people.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alasuutari, P. 1990. Desire and Craving. Studies in a Cultural Theory of Alcoholism. Academic dissertation. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 288, ser A. University of Tampere.Google Scholar
Andersson, S. 1992. Känslornas Filosofi. Symposion, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Berg Eriksen, T. 1986. Kroppens hevn. Samtiden, 6, 817. Google Scholar
Binstock, R. H. and Shanas, E. (eds) 1985. Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences. Second ed. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.Google Scholar
Binstock, R. H. and George, L. K. (eds) 1990. Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences. Third ed. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Birren, J. E. and Bengtson, V. L. (eds) 1988. Emergent Theories of Aging. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Birren, J. E. and Schaie, K. W. (eds) 1977. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co, New York.Google Scholar
Birren, J. E. and Schaie, K. W. (eds) 1990. Handbook of the Psychology of Aging. Third ed. Academic Press, San Diego.Google Scholar
Blaikie, A. 1994. Photographic memory, ageing and the life course. Ageing and Society, 14, 479497 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cole, T. R., Van Tassel, D. D. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds) 1992. Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Coleman, P. 1986. Ageing and Reminiscence Processes. Social and Clinical Implications. John Wiley&Sons, New York.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. 1970. The Research Act. Aldine, Chicago.Google Scholar
Denzin, N. K. 1989. Interpretive biography. Qualitative Research Methods Series, 17. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Ekenstam, C. 1989. Kroppens Idéhistoria. Disciplinering och KaraktäErsdaning i Sverige 1700–1950. Gidlunds, Hedemora.Google Scholar
Elias, N. 1991. On human beings and their emotions: a process-sociological essay. In Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. and Turner, B. S. (eds), The Body. Social Process and Cultural Theory. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Engelsrud, G. 1992. Kroppen som subjekt. En redogörelse med utgångspunkt i Merleau-Ponty. Samtiden, 2, 5661.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. 1985. Den Fullbordade Livscykeln. Natur & Kultur, Lund.Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H., Erikson, J. M. and Kivnick, H. Q. 1986. Vital Involvement in Old Age: the Experience of Old Age in our Time. W W Norton & Co, New York/London.Google Scholar
Falk, P. 1994. The Consuming Body. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. 1993. Virtual Reality, Cyberspace and the Ageing Body. Paper presented at the Second Images of Ageing Conference. July, 1.—3., Sierre, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. 1994. Kultur, Kropp, Konsumtion. Symposion, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. and Hepworth, M. 1990. Images of ageing. In Bond, J. and Coleman, P. (eds), Ageing in Society. An Introduction to Social Gerontology. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Featherstone, M. and Hepworth, M. 1991. The mask of ageing and the postmodern life course. In Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. and Turner, B. S. (eds), The Body. Social Process and Cultural Theory. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Frank, A. W. 1991. For a sociology of the body: an analytical review. In Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. and Turner, B. S. (eds), The Body. Social Process and Cultural Theory. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Freund, P. E. S. and McGuire, M. B. 1991. Health, Illness and the Social Body. A Critical Sociology. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.Google Scholar
Gergen, K.J. 1991. The Saturated Self. Dilemmas of Identity in Contemporary Life. Basic Books, New York.Google Scholar
Gergen, K.J. and Gergen, M. M. 1983. Narrative of the self. In Sarbin, T. and Gergen, K.J. (eds), Studies in Social Identity. Praeger, New York.Google Scholar
Goffman, E. 1972. Stigma. Den Avvikandes Roll och Identitet. Rabén & Sjögren, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Goffman, E.. 1991. Jaget och Maskerna. En Studie i Vardagslivets Dramatik. Andra svenska uppl. Rabén & Sjögren, Simrishamn.Google Scholar
Goodman, M. 1994. Social, psychological, and developmental factors in women's receptivity to cosmetic surgery. Journal of Aging Studies, 8, 375396.Google Scholar
Havens, B. J. 1968. An investigation of activity patterns and adjustment in an aging population. Gerontologist, 8, 201206.Google Scholar
Hellmark, B. and Sachs, L. 1993. Den talande kroppen. Ett antropologiskt perspektiv på anorexi och bulimi. Socialmedicinsk Tidskrift, 2-3, 118131.Google Scholar
Ingebretsen, R. and Solem, P. E. 1994. Tilbakeblikk på livet. In Alderdoms Vekst. Festskrift till Eva Beverfelt 7393. NGI, Oslo.Google Scholar
Kaufman, S. R. 1986. The Ageless Self. Sources of Meaning in Late Life. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.Google Scholar
Kenyon, G. 1994. Oman tarinan kertomisen merkitykset. Gerontologia, 8, 196204.Google Scholar
Kohli, M. 1981. Biography: account, text, method. In Bertaux, D. (ed), Biography and Society: the Life History Approach in the Social Sciences. Sage, Beverly Hills.Google Scholar
MacRae, H. M. 1990. Older women and identity maintenance in later life. Canadian Journal on Aging/Revue canadienne du vieillissement, 9, 248267.Google Scholar
Mader, W. 1991. Aging and the metaphor of narcissism. In Kenyon, G. M., Birren, J. E. and Schroots, J.J. F. (eds), Metaphors of Aging in Science and the Humanities. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Mannheimer, R. J. 1992. In search of the gerontological self. Journal of Aging Studies, 6, 319332.Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P. 1990. Unity and purpose in human lives: the emergence of identity as a life story. In Rabin, A. I., Zucker, R. A., Emmons, R. A. and Frank, S. (eds), Studying Persons and Lives. Springer, New York, 148200.Google Scholar
Öberg, P. 1994. Självbilden, åldrandet och kroppen. In Öberg, P., Pohjolainen, P. and Ruoppila, I. (eds), Experiencing Ageing —Kokemuksellinen Vanheneminen — Att Uppleva Aldrandet 148170. SSKH Skrifter 4. Universitetstryckeriet, Helsinki.Google Scholar
Öberg, P. and Ruth, J.-E. 1993. Livsloppsformer och åldrande i Finland. IWaerness, K., Ruth, J.-E. and Tornstam, L. (ed), Livslöp Blant Gamle i Harden. Rapport 2. Norsk gerontologisk institutt, Oslo, 141198.Google Scholar
Palmore, E. (ed) 1980. International Handbook of Ageing. Contemporary developments and research. MacMillan Press, London.Google Scholar
Peck, R. C. 1968. Psychological development in the second half of life. In Neugarten, B. L. (ed), Middle Age and Aging. A Reader in Social Psychology. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 8892.Google Scholar
Polkinghorne, D. E. 1991. Narrative and self-concept. Journal of Narrative and Life History, 1, 135153.Google Scholar
Post, S. G. 1992. Aging and meaning: the Christian tradition. In Cole, T. R., Van Tassel, D. D. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds), Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Springer, New York, 127146.Google Scholar
Roos, J.-P. 1993. European Lives: The Question of Cultural Comparisons Through Life Stories. Paper presented at the 17th Nordic Congress in Sociology, August 1315, Gävle, Sweden.Google Scholar
Rosing, H. 1986. Den Personliga Identiteten och Livets Mening. Schildts, Lovisa.Google Scholar
Rubinstein, R. L. 1988 Stories told: In-depth interviewing and the structure of its insights. In Rowles, G. and Reinharz, S. (eds): Qualitative Gerontology. Springer, New York, 128146.Google Scholar
Ruth, J.-E. 1994. Det åldrande berattarjaget: forsok till en narrativ gerontologi. Gerontologia, 8, 205214.Google Scholar
Ruth, J.-E. and Oberg, P. 1996. Ways of life-old age in a life history perspective. In Birren, J., Kenyon, G., Ruth, J.-E., Schroots, J. J. F. and Svensson, T. (eds), Aging and Biography: Explorations in Adult Development. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Sherman, E. 1991. Reminiscence and the Self in Old Age. Springer, New York.Google Scholar
Shilling, C. 1993. The Body and Social Theory. Sage, London.Google Scholar
Schneider, H.-D. 1993. Gestalt Psychology - a Perspective for Gerontology? Paper presented at the Second Images of Ageing Conference. July 1.–3, Sierre, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Turner, B. S. 1984. The Body and Society. Basic Blackwell, Oxford.Google Scholar
Westin, C. 1989. Tortyr och Existens. Korpen, Göteborg.Google Scholar
Widding Isaksen, L. 1992. Kroppsnärheten forklarar omsorgsarbetets låga status. Kvinnovetenskaplig Tidskrift, 4, 1419.Google Scholar
Winkler, M. G. 1992. Walking to the stars. In Cole, T. R., Van Tassel, D. D. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds), Handbook of the Humanities and Aging. Springer, New York, 258284.Google Scholar
Woodward, K. 1991. Aging and its Discontents: Freud and Other Fictions. Indiana University Press, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Wyatt-Brown, A. M. 1992. Literary gerontology comes of age. In Cole, T. R., Van Tassel, D. D. and Kastenbaum, R. (eds), Handbook of the Humanities and Aging Springer, New York, 331351.Google Scholar
Zusman, J. 1966. Some explanations of the changing appearance of psychotic patients: Antecedents of the social breakdown syndrome concept. The Millbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, 64.Google Scholar