Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:51:09.774Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Urban Policy in Africa: A Political Analysis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 May 2014

Richard Stren
Richard Stren*
Affiliation:
Department of Political Economy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

One of the main purposes of much recent work in subnational politics in Africa has teen to find levels and categories of action that are both meaningful and persistent. The study of politics at the local level may avoid some analytical difficulties associated with earlier macro-level studies (for a critique of earlier work, see Zolberg 1966), hut the problem of nonreproducibility begins where macro-analysis leaves off. One result of this dilemma is that few of the increasing number of local studies in African politics either build on previous research or relate theoretically to other work. While this random quality in the literature may be partially overcome as more local research is undertaken, for the moment one of the safest generalizations we can make about local politics in Africa is that there is great variety in social formation and political process in local political arenas.

This suggests that the problem of focus in the study of contemporary African politics cannot easily be resolved merely by shifting the research effort from the national to the subnational level. Both macro- and micro-level studies present their own challenges of validity and interpretation. What both approaches have tended to share, however, is an almost exclusive orientation to politics as the influences on, and the processes of authoritative decision-making. In fact, this orientation largely characterizes political science as a discipline; it is not confined to the study of African politics. But it is equally as important for political scientists to develop categories to analyze the substantive performance of African political systems as it is for them to analyze how the systems operate. Such categories will certainly involve the notion of public policy, to which we now turn our attention.

Type
Research Article
Information
African Studies Review , Volume 15 , Issue 3 , December 1972 , pp. 489 - 516
Copyright
Copyright © African Studies Association 1972

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES CITED

Abernethy, David. The Political Dilemma of Popular Education: An African Case Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Agger, Robert, Goldrich, Daniel, and Swanson, Bert. The Rulers and the Ruled. New York: Wiley, 1964.Google Scholar
Ahimie, P. O. “Health, Housing and Social Welfare.” Paper presented to the Conference on National Reconstruction and Development in Nigeria, March 24-29, 1969.Google Scholar
Aiken, Michael and Alford, Robert R.. “Community Structure and Innovation: The Case of Public Housing.” American Political Science Review, LXIV, 3 (September 1970), 843–864.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, Jonathan. “The Paradox of Development: Reflections on a Study of Local-Central Political Relations in Senegal.“ In Lofchie, Michael, ed. The State of the Nations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Pp. 47–63.Google Scholar
Bates, Robert H. Unions, Parties and Political Development: A Study of Mineworkers in Zambia. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1971.Google Scholar
Betts, Raymond F. “The Establishment of the Medina in Dakar, Senegal, 19l4.” Africa, XLI, 2 (April 1971), 143–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bienefeld, M. A. A Long-Term Housing Policy for Tanzania. Economic Research Bureau Paper No. 70.9. Dar es Salaam: University College, 1970.Google Scholar
Bonnen, James. “The Absence of Knowledge of Distributional Impacts: An Obstacle to Effective Policy Analysis and Decisions.“ In Haveman, Robert and Margolis, Julius, eds. Public Expenditures and Policy Analysis. Chicao: Markham, 1970. Pp. 246–270.Google Scholar
Chambers, Robert. Settlement Schemes in Tropical Africa. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.Google Scholar
Cnudde, Charles F. and McCrone, Donald J.. “Party Competition and Welfare Policies in the American States.” American Political Science Review, LXIII, 3 (September 1969), 850–866.Google Scholar
Cottingham, Clement. “Political Consolidation and Centre-Local Relations in Senegal.” Canadian Journal of African Studies, IV, 1 (Winter 1970), 101–120.Google Scholar
Dolbeare, Kenneth. “Public Policy Analysis and the Coming Struggle for the Soul of the Postbehavioral Revolution.” In Green, Philip and Levison, Sanford, eds. Power and Community: Dissenting Essays in Political Science. New York: Pantheon, 1970. Pp. 85–111.Google Scholar
Doornbos, Martin and Lofchie, Michael F.. “Ranching and Scheming: A Case Study of the Ankole Ranching Scheme.“ In Lofchie, Michael, ed. The State of the Nations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Pp. 165–187.Google Scholar
East Africa Royal Commission 1955-1955 Report. London: HMSO, 1955.Google Scholar
Economic Commission for Africa. Slums and Uncontrolled Settlements: Investment and Development Policies in Africa. E/CN.14/HOU/62. March 11, 1970. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Froman, Lewis. “An Analysis of Public Policies in Cities.” Journal of Politics, XXLX, 1 (February 1967), 94–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardiner, John. “Some Aspects of the Establishment of Towns in Zambia During the Nineteen Twenties and Thirties.” Zambian Urban Studies (University of Zambia, Institute for African Studies, Lusaka), No. 3 (1970), i–vii.Google Scholar
Gavrilova, A. “Special Features of Urbanisation in Tropical Africa.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. IX, No. 2 (August 1971).Google Scholar
Ghana, . Report of the Commission Appointed to Enquire into the Manner of Operation of the State Housing Corporation. Accra: State Publishing Corporation, 1968a.Google Scholar
Ghana, . White Paper No. 5/68. Accra: State Publishing Corporation,Google Scholar
Hake, Andrew. “Nairobi: Seizing the Opportunities of Urban Growth.“ In Safier, Michael, ed. The Role of Urban and Regional Planning in National Development for East Africa. Kampala: Milton Obote Foundation, Adult Education Centre, 1970. Pp. 222–250.Google Scholar
Hake, Andrew and Ross, Marc. “Mathare Valley: A Case of the Transitional Urban Sector.“ Unpublished paper presented to the Seminar on Social Problems and Consequences of Urbanisation, November 26-December 6, 1967, Nairobi.Google Scholar
Hance, William. Population, Migration and Urbanization in Africa. New York: Columbia University Press, 1970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanna, William J. and Hanna, Judith L.. Urban Dynamics in Black Africa. Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 1971.Google Scholar
Harrison-Church, R. J. “Urban Problems and Economic Development in West Africa.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. V, No. 4 (December 1967).Google Scholar
Houlberg, , Per, N. O. Jorgensen, and Steele, Rosalind. Site and Service Schemes: Analysis and Report. Nairobi: University of Nairobi, Housing Research and Development Unit, 1971.Google Scholar
Jackson, Robert H. “Planning, Politics and Administration.“ In Hyden, Goren, Jackson, Robert, and Okumu, John, eds. Development Administration: The Kenya Experience. Nairobi: Oxford University Press, 1970. Pp. 191–199.Google Scholar
Jenkins, George. “Government and Politics in Ibadan.“ In Lloyd, P. C., Mabogunje, A. L., and Awe, B., eds. The City of Ibadan. London: Cambridge University Press, 1967a.Google Scholar
Jenkins, George. “An Informal Political Economy.“ In Butler, Jeffrey and Castagno, A. A., eds. Boston University Papers on Africa. New York: Praeger, 1967b.Google Scholar
Jorgensen, N. O. Some Aspects of Housing Policy and Rent Structure in Kenya. E/CN.14/HOU/55. Addis Ababa: Economic Commission for Africa, January 2, 1970.Google Scholar
Kenya. Report of the U.N. Mission to Kenya on Housing. Nairobi: Government Printer, 1965.Google Scholar
Kenya. Housing Policy for Kenya. Sessional Paper No. 5 of 1966/67. Nairobi: Government Printer, 1966.Google Scholar
Kenya. Ministry of Housing. Annual Report 1966-67. Nairobi: Government Printer, 1968.Google Scholar
Kenya. Development Plan, 197O-1974. Nairobi: Government Printer, 1969.Google Scholar
Kenya. Development Estimates for the Year 1970/71. Nairobi: Government Printer, 1970a.Google Scholar
Kenya. Economic Survey 1970“ Nairobi: Government Printer, 1970b.Google Scholar
Koenigsberger, Otto. “Housing in the National Development Plan: An Example from Nigeria.” Ekistics, No. 180 (November 1970).Google Scholar
Koenigsberger, Otto et al. Metropolitan Lagos. New York: United Nations Commission for Technical Assistance, 1964.Google Scholar
Lafontaine, J. S. City Politics: A Study of Leopoldville, 1962-63. Cambridge: University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
“Lagos: Descent into Chaos.” West Africa (February 13-19, 1971), pp. 183–184.Google Scholar
Leaning, John. Housing and Land Distribution in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, 1971a. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Leaning, John. Low-Cost Housing in Tanzania: A Factual Analysis. Dar es Salaam, 1971b. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Leys, Colin. Politicians and Policies: An Essay on Politics in Acholi, Uganda. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1967.Google Scholar
McVicar, Kenneth. Twilight of an East African Slum: Pumwani and the Evolution of African Settlement in Nairobi. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California at Los Angeles, 1968.Google Scholar
Macridis, Roy C. “Comparative Politics and the Study of Government: The Search for Focus.” Comparative Politics, I, 1 (October 1968), 79–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Madavo, C. E. “Making the Cities ‘Work.’“ Africa Report, Vol. XVI, No. 8 (November 1971).Google Scholar
Marris, Peter. Family and Social Change in an African City: A Study of Rehousing in Lagos. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1962.Google Scholar
Martin, Roscoe C. et al. Decisions in Syracuse. New York: Doubleday Anchor, 1965.Google Scholar
Muench, Louis H. and Muench, Carolyn Z.. “Planning and Antiplanning in Nigeria: Lagos and Ibadan.” Journal of the American Institute of Planners, Vol. XXXIV, No. 6 (November 1968).Google Scholar
Nerfin, Marc. “Towards a Housing Policy.” Journal of Modern African Studies, Vol. III, No. 4 (1965).Google Scholar
Nigeria. Western State. Ministry of Lands and Housing. The Administration of Physical Planning in Western Nigeria. October 1967. Mimeo.Google Scholar
Nigeria. Western State. Economic and Social Survey 1958 to 1968. 1969.Google Scholar
Ogunpola, G. Akin. “The Functioning of a Statutory Corporation: The Case of Western Nigeria Housing Corporation 1958-1966.” Quarterly Journal of Administration, IV, 1 (October 1969), 31–44.Google Scholar
Ranney, Austin. “The Study of Policy Content: A Framework for Choice.“ In Ranney, Austin, ed. Political Science and Public Policy. Chicago: Markham, 1968. Pp. 6–7.Google Scholar
Rosenthal, Donald and Crain, Robert. “Structure and Values in Local Political Systems: The Case of Fluoridation Decisions.“ In Wilson, James Q., ed. City Politics and Public Policy. New York: Wiley, 1968. Pp. 217–242.Google Scholar
Salisbury, Robert and Heinz, John. “A Theory of Policy Analysis and Some Preliminary Applications.“ In Sharkansky, Ira, ed. Policy Analysis in Political Science. Chicago: Markham, 1970.Google Scholar
Seek, Assane. Dakar: Metropole Ouest-Africaine. Dakar: IFAN, 1970.Google Scholar
Sharkansky, Ira, ed. Policy Analysis in Political Science. Chicago: Markham, 1970.Google Scholar
Snyder, Richard C., Bruck, H. W., and Sapin, Burton, eds. Foreign Policy Decision-Making. New York: Free Press of Glencoe, 1962.Google Scholar
Solzbacher, Regina. “Continuity Through Change in the Social History of Kibuli.” Uganda Journal, XXXIII, 2 (1969a), 163–174.Google Scholar
Solzbacher, Regina. “The Slum Problem: A Case Study.“ In Tribe, Michael, ed. Housing Problems in Uganda. Kampala: Milton Obote Foundation, Adult Education Centre, 1969b.Google Scholar
Southall, Aidan and Gutkind, Peter. Townsmen in the Making. Kampala: East African Institute of Social Research, 1957.Google Scholar
Stren, Richard. “Limitations on Local Planning in Kenya: The Case of Mombasa Municipality.” African Urban Notes, IV, 4 (December 1969), 35–49.Google Scholar
Stren, Richard. “Factional Politics and Central Control in Mombasa.” Canadian Journal of African Studies, IV, 1 (Winter 1970), 33–56.Google Scholar
Stren, Richard. Policy, Local Politics and Urban Development: A Study of Low-Cost Housing in Mombasa, Kenya. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley, 1971.Google Scholar
Stren, Richard. “A Survey of Lower Income Neighborhoods in Mombasa.“ In Hutton, John, ed. Urban Challenge in East Africa. Nairobi: East African Publishing House, 1972.Google Scholar
Tanzania, . Master Plan for Dar es Salaam. Dar es Salaam, 1969a.Google Scholar
Tanzania, . Second Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development, 1st July, 1969-50th June, 1974. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1969b.Google Scholar
Tanzania, . The Economic Survey and Annual Plan, 1970-71. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1970.Google Scholar
Tanzania, . The Annual Plan for 1971/72. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1971a.Google Scholar
Tanzania, . The Economic Survey 1970-71. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer, 1971b.Google Scholar
Turner, John. “Uncontrolled Urban Settlement: Problems and Policies.“ In Breese, Gerald, ed. The City in Newly Developing Countries. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Pp. 507–534.Google Scholar
United Nations. Housing in Africa. September 1965.Google Scholar
Walsh, Annmarie. The Urban Challenge to Government: An International Comparison of Thirteen Cities. New York: Praeger for the Institute of Public Administration, 1969.Google Scholar
Weisbrod, Burton, “income Redistribution Effects and Benefit-Cost Analysis.“ In Chase, Samuel, ed. Problems in Public Expenditure Analysis. Washington: Brookings Institution, 1968.Google Scholar
Williams, Babatunde and Walsh, Annmarie. Urban Government for Metropolitan Lagos. New York: Praeger for the Institute of Public Administration, 1968.Google Scholar
Wilson, Gordon. “A General Survey of African Housing.“ In Mombasa Social Survey. Unpublished, Kenya Government Library, 1958a.Google Scholar
Wilson, Gordon. “Kongawea.“ In Mombasa Social Survey. Unpublished. Kenya Government Library, 1958b.Google Scholar
Wolpe, Howard. “Port Harcourt: Ibo Politics in Microcosm.” Journal of Modern African Studies, VII, 3 (1969), 469–493.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yahya, S. S. “Permanence and Ephemera in Housing Development.” East Africa Journal, VI, 4 (April 1969), 25–29.Google Scholar
Young, Crawford. “Agricultural Policy in Uganda: Capability and Choice.“ In Lofchie, Michael, ed. The State of the Nations. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971. Pp. 141–164.Google Scholar
Zolberg, Aristide. Creating Political Order. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1966.Google Scholar