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On the Aesthetics and Dialogics of Power in the Postcolony

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

Achille Mbembe's ‘Provisional notes on the postcolony’ has become a canonical contribution to the literature on postcolonial African politics, yet the piece has also proved difficult to digest and build upon. This article focuses on Mbembe's thesis that postcolonial rulers and subjects share an ‘aesthetics of power’, involving ceremonialism and an emphasis on bodily functions and metaphors. It attempts to disentangle Mbembe's insights into such political dispositions from the state-centrism and radical pessimism of his account by examining its analytical indeterminacies and critically re-evaluating his theoretical deployment of Bakhtin. It then develops an alternative Bakhtinian approach to Mbembe's problematic through an analysis of the public staging of political relations in Buganda (Uganda). The standardised ceremony staged by local communities in Buganda to welcome visiting dignitaries—a ceremonial form here designated ‘political hospitality’—projects and enacts legitimate relations of reciprocity and communication between rulers and subjects through performative prestation and the giving and eating of food. It thus lends itself to political ceremonialism and the elaboration of corporeal political metaphors without entailing the pathologies that Mbembe (mis)identifies as intrinsic to such dispositions and discourses. The distorted magnification of this ceremonial pattern by the national state does contribute to the state–society impasse that preoccupies Mbembe. Yet, contrary to Mbembe's bleak vision, such local idioms also provide resources for popular critical consciousness and, thus, some grounds for cautious optimism regarding the postcolonial African political predicament.

Résumé

Alors qu'elles constituent désormais une contribution canonique à la littérature sur la politique africaine postcoloniale, les «Notes provisoires sur la postcolonie» d'Achille Mbembe se sont avérées difficiles à assimiler et à développer. Cet article se concentre sur la thèse de Mbembe selon laquelle les dirigeants et les sujets postcoloniaux ont en commun une «esthétique du pouvoir» caractérisée par un cérémonialisme et une prépondérance des métaphores et fonctions physiologiques. Il tente de dégager les dispositions politiques de Mbembe du centrisme d'Etat et du pessimisme radical qu'il décrit, en examinant ses indéterminations analytiques et en réévaluant d'un point de vue critique son déploiement théorique de Bakhtin. Il développe ensuite une autre conception bakhtinienne de la problématique de Mbembe à travers une analyse de l'organisation publique des relations politiques dans le Bouganda (Ouganda). La cérémonie normalisée qu'organisent les communautés locales du Bouganda pour accueillir les dignitaires en visite—une forme cérémoniale désignée ici sous le terme de «hospitalité politique»—projette et incarne des relations légitimes de réciprocité et de communication entre les dirigerants et les sujets à travers une prestation performative ainsi que l'offre et la consommation de nourriture. Elle se prête donc à un cérémonialisme politique et à l'élaboration de métaphores politiques corporelles sans entraîner les pathologies que Mbembe désigne (à tort) comme intrinsèques à ces dispositions et discours. L'exagération déformée de ce modèle cérémonial par l'Etat national contribue à l'impasse dans laquelle se trouve l'Etat/la société et qui préoccupe Mbembe. Pourtant, contrairement à la vision morose de Mbembe, ces idiomes locaux apportent également des ressources à la conscience critique populaire et done des raisons d'afficher un optimisme prudent quant aux difficultés politiques africaines post-coloniales.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2003

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