Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-27T21:16:35.174Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Medicine Murder in Basutoland: Colonial Rule and Moral Crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 March 2011

Abstract

This article analyses an acute moral crisis in the colonial administration of Basutoland in the late 1940s. It was provoked by a contagious rash of what became known as ‘medicine murders’, apparently perpetrated by senior chiefs. Two particular murders of this kind are examined in detail, as a result of which, in 1949, two very senior chiefs and some of their followers were hanged. This harshly dramatic episode brought into stark question the meaning of generations of the ‘civilising mission’, the fitness of the chiefs as leaders of the people, the moral integrity of the Basotho nation and the legitimacy both of colonial rule in general and of certain specific practices of the police. The political context of the murders is outlined, and the judicial process is dissected with special reference to the question of the validity of accomplice evidence.

Résumé

Cet article analyse une crise morale vive au sein de l’administration coloniale du Basutoland à la fin des années 1940. Elle fut provoquée par une épidémie contagieuse de ce que l’on vint à appeler des “meurtres médicinaux”, apparemment perpétrés par des grands chefs. Deux de ces meurtres sont étudiés dans le détail, à la suite desquels deux des principaux chefs et certains de leurs partisans furent pendus en 1949. Cet épisode dramatique a mis en exergue la signification des générations de la “mission civilisatrice”, l’aptitude des chefs à diriger la population, l’intégrité morale de la nation Basotho et la légitimité de la domination coloniale en général et de certaines pratiques spécifiques de la police. L’article souligne le contexte politique des meurtres et dissèque la procédure judiciaire en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à la question de la validité des dépositions des complices.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Brightmore, A. G. 1961. ‘Looking back’, Basumland News, 18 July 1961.Google Scholar
Copian, David B., and Quinlan, Tim. 1997. ‘A chief by the people: nation versus state in Lesotho’, Africa 67 (1), 2760.Google Scholar
Damane, Mosebi. 1973–74. ‘Sotho medicine’, Lesotho Notes and Records X, 4859.Google Scholar
Douglas-Home, Charles. 1978. Evelyn Baring: the last proconsul. London: Collins.Google Scholar
Edgar, Robert, n.d. Prophets with Honour: a documentary history of Lekhotla la Bafo. Johannesburg: Ravan Press.Google Scholar
Eldredge, Elizabeth. 1997.’Medicine Murder and Power: the consolidation of colonial control in British Basutoland in the 1940s’, paper presented to the sixteenth biennial conference of the South African Historical Society, Pretoria, 6–9 July.Google Scholar
Gocking, Roger. 1997. ‘Colonial rule and the “legal factor” in Ghana and Lesotho’, Africa 67 (1), 6185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Günther, John. 1955. Inside Africa. London: Reprint Society, 1957.Google Scholar
Hailey, W. M. H. (Lord). 1953. Native Administration in the British African Territories V, The High Commission Territories: Basutoland, the Bechuanaland Protectorate and Swaziland. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Hailey, W. M. H. 1963. The Republic of South Africa and the High Commission Territories. London: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, G. I. 1951. Basutoland Medicine Murder: a report on the recent outbreak of “Diretlo” murders in Basumland. London: HMSO.Google Scholar
Machobane, L. B. B. J. 1990. Government and Change in Lesotho, 1800–1966: a study of political institutions. London: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pratten, David. 1998. ‘Investigating the Leopard-men: the Ekpe-Owo killings in Calabar Province, 1943–1948’, paper presented at the biennial conference of the African Studies Association of the UK, SOAS, University of London, 14–16 September.Google Scholar
Rathbone, Richard. 1993. Murder and Politics in Colonial Ghana. New Haven CT and London: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Reed, Douglas. 1950. Somewhere South of Suez. London: Cape.Google Scholar
Scott, Michael. 1958. A Time to Speak. London: Faber.Google Scholar