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Disgust, Bodily Aesthetics and the Ethic of Being Human in Botswana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

Abstract

This article explores how people in Botswana approach and navigate their own feelings of disgust and morbid curiosity towards the aesthetically impaired bodies of their fellow citizens, and the problems and opportunities these feelings present in a context where a particular humanistic ethos of respect and manners, botho, is stressed in the public discourse of nationalism. The agenda of contemporary disability and patients' rights movements is based on the assertion that moral sentiment is neither determined nor subverted by particular bodily states or configurations. While such activism acknowledges and affirms experiences of debility and physical suffering, the political agenda largely centres on enabling persons to participate equally in rational-critical discourse in the public sphere regardless of the vagaries of any individual's particular bodily state. Within this framework, physicality should have no power to structure relationships among citizens. And yet, in Botswana, as in other places, the messiness of the human body – manifested in diarrhoea, drool, disfigurement, and disgust – threatens to subvert humanistic efforts, and challenges the smooth enactment of rights-based politics and other liberal projects. In what follows I explore the sometimes troubling physicality of humanistic and affective life in Botswana to better grasp the messy bodily dimensions of sociality that are so often swept under the rug in discussions of citizenship, rights and community. Aesthetic efforts at bathing, bandaging and otherwise reworking the bodies in question reveal dimensions of sociality and aspects of sensory and affective interaction that are critical to the enactment of moral sentiment.

Cet article examine la manière dont les Botswanais abordent et traitent leurs sentiments de dégoût et de curiosité morbide à l'égard des corps de leurs concitoyens présentant des défauts esthétiques, et les problèmes et opportunités que présentent ces sentiments dans un contexte où une culture humaniste particulière du respect et des mœurs, botho, est mise en exergue dans le discours public du nationalisme. Les objectifs des mouvements contemporains de défense des droits des patients et des handicapés reposent sur le principe que le sentiment moral n'est pas déterminé ni ébranlé par des états ou configurations particulières du corps. Alors que cet activisme reconnaît et affirme les expériences de débilité et de souffrance physique, le projet politique s'attache largement à donner les moyens de participer sur un pied d'égalité au discours rationnel critique dans la sphère publique, quels que soient les aléas de l'état physique de la personne. Dans ce cadre, la physicalité ne devrait pas avoir le pouvoir de structurer les relations entre les citoyens. Pourtant, au Botswana comme ailleurs, l'impureté du corps humain (manifestée dans la diarrhée, la bave, le défigurement et le dégoût) menace de déstabiliser les efforts humanistes et remet en cause l'adoption sans heurts de politiques basées sur les droits et autres projets libéraux. L'article examine ensuite la physicalité parfois troublante de la vie humaniste et affective au Botswana pour mieux appréhender les dimensions corporelles impures de la socialité si souvent escamotées dans les discussions sur la citoyenneté, les droits et la communauté. Les efforts esthétiques de lavage, de bandage ou de refaçonnage des corps en question révèlent des dimensions de socialité et des aspects d'interaction sensorielle et affective indispensables à l'interprétation du sentiment moral.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © International African Institute 2008

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