Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-19T10:39:05.709Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Orally administered whole egg demonstrates antidepressant-like effects in the forced swimming test on rats

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 October 2013

Mao Nagasawa ,
Tsuyoshi Otsuka ,
Yumi Ogino ,
Junki Yoshida ,
Shozo Tomonaga ,
Shinobu Yasuo  and
Mitsuhiro Furuse
Mao Nagasawa
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Tsuyoshi Otsuka
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Yumi Ogino
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Junki Yoshida
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Shozo Tomonaga
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Shinobu Yasuo
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
Mitsuhiro Furuse*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
*
Mitsuhiro Furuse, Laboratory of Regulation in Metabolism and Behavior, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. Tel: +81 92 642 2953; Fax: +81 92 642 2954; E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective

Several studies have reported that vegetarian diets are associated with a higher prevalence of major depression. Therefore, we hypothesised that the consumption of animal products, especially eggs, may have positive effects on mental health, especially on major depression, because a previous study reported that egg consumption produces numerous beneficial effects in humans. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of chronic whole-egg treatment on depression-like behaviours in Wistar rats, a control strain, and Wistar Kyoto rats, an animal model of depression.

Methods

In both the rats, either whole-egg solution (5 ml/kg) or distilled water (5 ml/kg) was orally administrated for 35 days. During these periods, the open-field test (OFT) was conducted on the 21st day, and a forced swimming test (FST) was enforced on the 27th and 28th days. On the 36th day, the plasma and brain were collected.

Results

Chronic whole-egg treatment did not affect line crossing in the OFT, whereas it reduced the total duration of immobility in the FST on both strains. Furthermore, interestingly, the results indicated the possibility that whole-egg treatment elevated the incorporation of tryptophan into the brain, and the tryptophan concentration in the prefrontal cortex was actually increased by the treatment.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that whole-egg treatment exerts an antidepressant-like effect in the FST. It is suggested that whole egg may be an excellent food for preventing and alleviating the conditions of major depression.

Keywords

forced swimming testmajor depressiontryptophanwhole eggWistar Kyoto rat
Type
Original Articles
Information
Acta Neuropsychiatrica , Volume 26 , Issue 4 , August 2014 , pp. 209 - 217
Copyright
Copyright © Scandinavian College of Neuropsychopharmacology 2013 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1. World Health Organization. Fact sheet on depression (2012). Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/index.html. Accessed 9 January 2013.Google Scholar
2. Pincus, HA, Pettit, AR. The societal costs of chronic major depression. J Clin Psychiatry 2001;62:5–9.Google ScholarPubMed
3. Koenig, AM, Thase, ME. First-line pharmacotherapies for depression–what is the best choice? Pol Arch Med Wewn 2009;119:478–486.Google Scholar
4. Rief, W, Nestoriuc, Y, Von Lilienfeld-Toal, A et al. Differences in adverse effect reporting in placebo groups in SSRI and tricyclic antidepressant trials. Drug Saf 2009;32:1041–1056.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
5. Gelenberg, AJ, Chesen, CL. How fast are antidepressants? J Clin Psychiatry 2000;61:712–721.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6. Sartorius, N, Baghai, TC, Baldwin, DS et al. Antidepressant medications and other treatments of depressive disorders: a CINP Task Force report based on a review of evidence. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2007;10(Suppl. 1):S1–S207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Fava, GA, Ruini, C, Rafanelli, C, Finos, L, Conti, S, Grandi, S. Six-year outcome of cognitive behavior therapy for prevention of recurrent depression. Am J Psychiatry 2004;161:1872–1876.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8. Coppen, A. The Biochemistry of affective disorder. Br J Psychiatry 1967;113:1237–1264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9. Yoshitake, T, Fujino, K, Kehr, J, Ishida, J, Nohta, H, Yamaguchi, M. Simultaneous determination of norepinephrine, serotonin, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid in microdialysis samples from rat brain by microbore column liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection following derivatization with benzylamine. Anal Biochem 2003;312:125–133.Google Scholar
10. Owens, MJ, Nemeroff, CB. Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter. Clin Chem 1994;40:288–295.Google Scholar
11. Kokras, N, Antoniou, K, Polissidis, A, Papadopoulou-Daifoti, Z. Antidepressants induce regionally discrete, sex-dependent changes in brain's glutamate content. Neurosci Lett 2009;464:98–102.Google Scholar
12. Murakami, T, Yamane, H, Tomonaga, T, Furuse, M. Forced swimming and imipramine modify plasma and brain amino acid concentrations in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2009;602:73–77.Google Scholar
13. Nagasawa, M, Murakami, T, Tomonaga, S, Furuse, M. Chronic imipramine treatment modifies amino acid concentrations in the mouse brain. Nutr Neurosci 2012;15:26–33.Google Scholar
14. Nagasawa, M, Ogino, Y, Kurata, K et al. Hypothesis with abnormal amino acid metabolism in depression and stress vulnerability in Wistar Kyoto rats. Amino Acids 2012;43:2101–2111.Google Scholar
15. Mauri, MC, Boscati, L, Volonteri, LS et al. Predictive value of amino acids in the treatment of major depression with fluvoxamine. Neuropsychobiology 2001;44:134–138.Google Scholar
16. Wong, PT, Ong, YP. Acute antidepressant-like and antianxiety-like effects of tryptophan in mice. Pharmacology 2001;62:151–156.Google Scholar
17. Charney, DS, Heninger, GR, Reinhard, JF, Sternberg, DE, Hafstead, KM. The effect of IV L-tryptophan on prolactin, growth hormone, and mood in healthy subjects. Psychopharmacology 1982;78:38–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18. Baines, S, Powers, J, Brown, W. How does the health and well-being of young Australian vegetarian and semi-vegetarian women compare with non-vegetarians? Public Health Nutr 2006;10:436–442.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Larsson, CL, Klock, KS, Nordrehaug Astrom, A, Haugejorden, O, Johansson, G. Lifestyle-related characteristics of young low-meat consumers and omnivores in Sweden and Norway. J Adolesc Health 2002;31:190–198.Google Scholar
20. Perry, CL, Mcguire, MT, Neumark-Sztainer, D, Story, M. Characteristics of vegetarian adolescents in a multiethnic urban population. J Adolesc Health 2001;29:406–416.Google Scholar
21. Nagasawa, M, Murakami, T, Sato, M, Takahata, Y, Morimatsu, F, Furuse, M. Dietary animal proteins alter monoamine metabolism in the brain. Anim Sci J 2012;83:493–498.Google Scholar
22. Tomonaga, S, Hayakawa, T, Yamane, H et al. Oral administration of chicken breast extract increases brain carnosine and anserine concentrations in rats. Nutr Neurosci 2007;10:181–186.Google Scholar
23. Tomonaga, S, Yamane, H, Onitsuka, E et al. Carnosine-induced antidepressant-like activity in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008;89:627–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Kovacs-Nolan, J, Phillips, M, Mine, Y. Advances in the value of eggs and egg components for human health. J Agric Food Chem 2005;53:8421–8431.Google Scholar
25. Solberg, E. The effects of powdered fertilized eggs on depression. J Med Food 2011;14:870–875.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Ihekoronye, AI. Estimation of the biological value of food proteins by a modified equation of the essential amino acid index and the chemical score. Nahrung 1988;32:783–788.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27. Lahmame, A, Armario, A. Differential responsiveness of inbred strains of rats to antidepressants in the forced swimming: are Wistar-Kyoto rats an animal model of subsensitively to antidepressant? Psychopharmacology 1996;123:191–198.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
28. López-Rubalcava, C, Lucki, I. Strain differences in the behavioral effects of antidepressant drugs in the rat forced swimming test. Neuropsychopharmacology 2000;22:191–199.Google Scholar
29. Redei, EE, Solberg, LC, Kluczynski, JM, Pare, WP. Paradoxical hormonal and behavioral responses to hypothyroid and hyperthyroid states in the Wistar-Kyoto rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 2001;24:632–639.Google Scholar
30. Tejani-butt, S, Kluczynski, J, Paré, WP. Strain-dependent modification of behavior following antidepressant treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003;27:7–14.Google Scholar
31. Lahmame, A, Del Arco, C, Pazos, A, Yritia, M, Armario, A. Are Wistar-Kyoto rats a genetic animal model of depression resistant to antidepressants? Eur J Pharmacol 1997;337:115–123.Google Scholar
32. O'mahony, CM, Clarke, G, Gibney, S, Dinan, TG, Cryan, JF. Strain differences in the neurochemical response to chronic restraint stress in the rat: relevance to depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2011;97:690–699.Google Scholar
33. Hauge, ER, Berle, JQ, Oedegaard, KJ, Holsten, F, Fasmer, OB. Nonlinear analysis of motor activity shows differences between schizophrenia and depression: a study using fourier analysis and sample entropy. PLoS One 2011;6:e16291.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
34. Paxinos, G, Watson, C. The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates, 2nd edn. USA: Academic Press, Inc., 1986.Google Scholar
35. Porsolt, RD, Anton, G, Blavet, N, Jalfre, M. Behavioral despair in rats: a new model sensitive to antidepressant treatment. Eur J Pharmacol 1978;47:379–391.Google Scholar
36. Réus, GZ, Stringari, RB, Kirsch, TR et al. Neurochemical and behavioural effects of acute and chronic memantine administration in rats: further support for NMDA as a new pharmacological target for the treatment of depression? Brain Res Bull 2010;81:585–589.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37. Kanai, Y, Segawa, H, Miyamoto, K, Uchino, H, Takeda, E, Endou, H. Expression cloning and characterization of a transporter for large neutral amino acids activated by the heavy chain of 4F2 antigen (CD98). J Biol Chem 1998;273:23629–23632.Google Scholar
38. Lanni, C, Govoni, S, Lucchelli, A, Boselli, C. Depression and antidepressants: molecular and cellular aspects. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009;66:2985–3008.Google Scholar
39. Beadle, GW, Mitchell, HK, Nyc, JF. Kynurenine as an intermediate in the formation of nicotinic acid from tryptophan by neurospora. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1947;33:155–158.Google Scholar
40. Myint, AM, Kim, YK, Verkerk, R, Scharpé, S, Steinbusch, H, Leonard, B. Kynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotection. J Affect Disord 2007;98:143–151.Google Scholar
41. Möller, M, DU Preez, JL, Emsley, R, Harvey, BH. Social isolation rearing in rats alters plasma tryptophan metabolism and is reversed by sub-chronic clozapine treatment. Neuropharmacology 2012;62:2499–2506.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42. Laugeray, A, Launay, JM, Callebert, J, Surget, A, Belzung, C, Barone, PR. Peripheral and cerebral metabolic abnormalities of the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway in a murine model of major depression. Behav Brain Res 2010;210:84–91.Google Scholar
43. Maj, J, Rogóz, Z, Skuza, G, Kołodziejczyk, K. Some central effects of kynurenic acid, 7-chlorokynurenic acid and 5,7-dichloro-kynurenic acid, glycine site antagonists. Pol J Pharmacol 1994;46:115–124.Google Scholar
44. Kim, JP, Choi, DW. Quinolinate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture. Neuroscience 1987;23:423–432.Google Scholar
45. Yoshida, J, Tomonaga, S, Ogino, Y, Nagasawa, M, Kurata, K, Furuse, M. Intracerebroventricular injection of kynurenic acid attenuates corticotrophin-releasing hormone-augmented stress responses in neonatal chicks. Neuroscience 2012;220:142–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
46. O'connor, JC, Lawson, MA, André, C et al. Lipopolysaccharide-induced depressive-like behavior is mediated by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activation in mice. Mol Psychiatry 2009;14:511–522.Google Scholar