Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T00:21:55.488Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Investor States

Global Health at The End of Aid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 June 2023

Benjamin M. Hunter
Affiliation:
University of Sussex

Summary

This Cambridge Elements on Global Development Studies volume applies the lens of 'investor state' to a pattern of cross-border activities emerging at the end of aid. Using a series of case studies, the volume examines the growth of a trend where states operate as, with and for investors in the healthcare provision sectors of other nations. It sheds light on an evolving institutional landscape for global health in which state-owned development finance institutions, national development banks and sovereign wealth funds are becoming key financial stakeholders in healthcare systems. The trend has been gathering pace in the past 10-15 years in contexts of growing diversity for development financing and is driving the expansion of corporate-oriented models for healthcare provision that are liable to undermine already-strained progress towards achieving equitable access in healthcare globally.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009209564
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 06 July 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Advent International. (2016, January 13). The Abraaj Group agrees to acquire a majority stake in CARE Hospitals, a leading healthcare provider in India, from Advent International. www.adventinternational.com/the-abraaj-group-agrees-to-acquire-a-majority-stake-in-care-hospitals-a-leading-healthcare-provider-in-india-from-advent-international/.Google Scholar
African Medical and Research Foundation. (2022). Partnership for primary care: A sustainable model to revolutionize primary care. https://amref.org/partnershipforprimarycare/.Google Scholar
Bawaba, Al. (2006, January 31). Istithmar, Bumrungrad International sign JV for new hospital in Dubai. www.albawaba.com/business/istithmar-bumrungrad-international-sign-jv-new-hospital-dubai.Google Scholar
Alami, I., Babic, M., Dixon, A. D., & Liu, I. T. (2022). Special issue introduction: What is the new state capitalism? Contemporary Politics, 1–19, 245–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2021.2022336.Google Scholar
Alami, I., & Dixon, A. D. (2020a). State capitalism(s) redux? Theories, tensions, controversies. Competition & Change, 24(1), 7094. https://doi.org/10.1177/1024529419881949.Google Scholar
Alami, I., & Dixon, A. D. (2020b). The strange geographies of the ‘new’ state capitalism. Political Geography, 82, 102237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2020.102237.Google Scholar
Alami, I., & Dixon, A. D. (2021). Uneven and combined state capitalism. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 55(1), 7299. https://doi.org/10.1177/0308518X211037688.Google Scholar
Alami, I., Dixon, A. D., Gonzalez-Vicente, R. et al. (2021). Geopolitics and the ‘new’ state capitalism. Geopolitics, 27, 129. https://doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2021.1924943.Google Scholar
Alami, I., Dixon, A. D., & Mawdsley, E. (2021). State capitalism and the new global D/development regime. Antipode, 53(5), 1294–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/anti.12725.Google Scholar
Aldane, J. (n.d.). How capital is used makes a profound difference to the world we live in. EDFI. 1 March, 2022, www.edfi.eu/interview/how-capital-is-used-makes-a-profound-difference-to-the-world-we-live-in/.Google Scholar
Altstedter, A. (2018, July 13). Malaysia’s IHH healthcare wins Fortis hospitals deal, beats TPG-backed Manipal. Hindustan Times. www.hindustantimes.com/business-news/malaysia-s-ihh-healthcare-wins-fortis-hospitals-deal-beats-tpg-backed-manipal/story-WxdWx3Zhicf1EZmG4HD0BL.html.Google Scholar
Aron, R. (2009). Bangkok’s Bumrungrad hospital: Expanding the footprint of offshore health care. Wharton School. https://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/bangkoks-bumrungrad-hospital-expanding-the-footprint-of-offshore-health-care/.Google Scholar
Arunanondchai, J., & Fink, C. (2006). Trade in health services in the ASEAN region. Health Promotion International, 21(suppl_1), 5966. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dal052.Google Scholar
Association of Bilateral European Development Finance Institutions. (2022). Meet our members. www.edfi.eu/members/meet-our-members/.Google Scholar
Baiterek. (2019, April 22). Korean investors are expressing interest in PPP projects in Kazakhstan. https://baiterek.gov.kz/en/pr/news/korean_investors_are_expressing_interest_in_ppp_projects_in_kazakhstan0.Google Scholar
Balakrishnan, R., & Indulal, PM. (2019a, October 23). IHH plans to sell two assets in South India. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/ihh-plans-to-sell-two-assets-in-south-india/articleshow/71715287.cms?from=mdr.Google Scholar
Balakrishnan, R., & Indulal, PM. (2019b, May 27). Medanta: Manipal hospitals to buy Medanta in Rs 5,800 crore deal. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/manipal-hospitals-to-buy-medanta-in-rs-5800-crore-deal/articleshow/69509728.cms?from=mdr.Google Scholar
Balbuena, S. S. (2016). Concerns related to the internationalisation of state-owned enterprises: Perspectives from regulators, government owners and the broader business community, OECD Corporate Governance Working Papers 19. https://doi.org/10.1787/22230939.Google Scholar
Bartsch, S. (2009). Southern actors in global public-private partnerships: The case of the global fund. In Maclean, S. J., Brown, S., & Fourie, P. (Eds.), Health for Some: The Political Economy of Global Health Governance (pp. 130–44). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Baru, R. V. & Nundy, M. (2020). Commercialisation of Medical Care in China Changing Landscapes. Routledge India.Google Scholar
Baru, R. V., & Jessani, A. (2000). The role of the World Bank in international health: Renewed commitment and partnership. Social Science & Medicine, 50(2), 183–4.Google ScholarPubMed
Bayliss, K., & Van Waeyenberge, E. (2017). Unpacking the public private partnership revival. The Journal of Development Studies, 54(4), 577–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2017.1303671.Google Scholar
Bendavid, E., Ottersen, T., Peilong, L. et al. (2017). Development assistance for health. In Jamison, D. T., Gelband, H., Horton, S. et al. (Eds.), Disease Control Priorities, 3rd ed. (Volume 9): Improving Health and Reducing Poverty (pp. 297313). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-1_ch16.Google Scholar
Birn, A., Nervi, L., & Siqueira, E. (2016). Neoliberalism redux: The global health policy agenda and the politics of cooptation in Latin America and beyond. Development and Change, 47(4), 734–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12247.Google Scholar
Bremmer, I. (2009). State capitalism comes of age: The end of the free market? Foreign Affairs, 88(3), 4055.Google Scholar
Brown, K. (2010, June 24). Parkway bid report troubles investors. Financial Times. www.ft.com/content/4273aa82-7fad-11df-91b4-00144feabdc0.Google Scholar
Brown, S. (2016). The instrumentalization of foreign aid under the Harper government. Studies in Political Economy, 97(1), 1836. https://doi.org/10.1080/07078552.2016.1174461.Google Scholar
Brown, T. M., Cueto, M., & Fee, E. (2006). The World Health Organization and the transition from ‘international’ to ‘global’ public health. American Journal of Public Health, 96(1), 6272. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.050831.Google Scholar
Buse, K., & Harmer, A. (2004). Power to the partners?: The politics of public-private health partnerships. Development, 47(2), 4956. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100029.Google Scholar
Buse, K., & Hawkes, S. (2015). Health in the sustainable development goals: Ready for a paradigm shift? Globalization and Health, 11(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-015-0098-8.Google Scholar
Busfield, J. (2020). Documenting the financialisation of the pharmaceutical industry. Social Science & Medicine, 258, 113096. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113096.Google Scholar
Business Wire. (2016, October 20). GE invests in GAMA-TÜRKERLER JV to develop two major healthcare PPPs in Turkey; OPIC, EBRD and EDC to provide financing for transformational hospital project. www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161020006211/en/GE-Invests-in-GAMA-TÜRKERLER-JV-to-Develop-Two-Major-Healthcare-PPPs-in-Turkey-OPIC-EBRD-and-EDC-to-Provide-Financing-for-Transformational-Hospital-Project.Google Scholar
Businesskorea. (2014, June 20). K-Sure to guarantee high risk foreign project financing of KDB. www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=5113.Google Scholar
Caldentey, E. P. (2008). The concept and evolution of the developmental state. International Journal of Political Economy, 37(3), 2753. https://doi.org/10.2753/IJP0891-1916370302.Google Scholar
Campbell, D. (2019, September 12). NHS hospital trusts to pay out further £55bn under PFI scheme. The Guardian. www.theguardian.com/politics/2019/sep/12/nhs-hospital-trusts-to-pay-out-further-55bn-under-pfi-scheme.Google Scholar
Campbell, O., & Graham, W. (2006). Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: Getting on with what works. Lancet, 368(9543), 1284–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(06)69381-1.Google Scholar
CDC Group. (2001). Annual review 2001.Google Scholar
CDC Group. (2017, June). Healthcare global (Africa). www.cdcgroup.com/en/our-impact/investment/healthcare-global/.Google Scholar
CDC Group. (2019). Impact measurement: A practical guide to data collection. https://assets.cdcgroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/04110848/CDC_ImpactMeasurementHandbook.pdf .Google Scholar
CDC Group. (2021b). CDC’s ESG toolkit. https://toolkit.cdcgroup.com/.Google Scholar
CDC Group. (2021d, November 25). Enlarged remit announced for the UK’s development finance institution to deliver jobs and clean growth. www.cdcgroup.com/en/news-insight/news/enlarged-remit-announced-for-the-uks-development-finance-institution-to-deliver-jobs-and-clean-growth/.Google Scholar
Chan, L. H., Lee, P. K., & Chan, G. (2009). China engages global health governance: Processes and dilemmas. Global Public Health, 4(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441690701524471.Google Scholar
Chandrashekhar, A. (2019, February 13). Temasek makes Rs 270 crore investment in Dr Agarwal Eye Hospital for a minority stake. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/temasek-makes-rs-270-crore-investment-in-dr-agarwal-eye-hospital-for-a-minority-stake/articleshow/67975125.cms?from=mdr.Google Scholar
Chang, A. Y., Cowling, K., Micah, A. E. et al. (2019). Past, present, and future of global health financing: A review of development assistance, government, out-of-pocket, and other private spending on health for 195 countries, 1995–2050. The Lancet, 393(10187), 2233–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30841-4.Google Scholar
Chee, H. L. (2008). Ownership, control, and contention: Challenges for the future of healthcare in Malaysia. Social Science & Medicine, 66(10), 2145–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.01.036.Google Scholar
Chee, H. L. (2010). Medical tourism and the state in Malaysia and Singapore. Global Social Policy: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Public Policy and Social Development, 10(3), 336–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468018110379978.Google Scholar
Cheng, Y., & Cheng, F. (2019). China’s unique role in the field of global health. Global Health Journal, 3(4), 98101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.glohj.2019.11.004.Google Scholar
Cho, J. (2014, December 1). Samsung to build national hospital in Turkey. BusinessKorea. www.businesskorea.co.kr/news/articleView.html?idxno=7552.Google Scholar
Choudhary, S., & Lim, K. (2010, July 25). UPDATE 2-GIC defers preferential funding in India’s Fortis. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/parkway-idINSGE65O04X20100625.Google Scholar
Clark, G., Dixon, A., & Monk, A. (2013). Sovereign Wealth Funds: Legitimacy, Governance, and Global Power. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400846511.Google Scholar
Clark, S., & Louch, W. (2021). The Key Man: How the Global Elite was Duped by a Capitalist Fairy Tale. Penguin.Google Scholar
Clarke, G. (2018). UK development policy and domestic politics 1997–2016. Third World Quarterly, 39(1), 1834. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2017.1369032.Google Scholar
Clay, E. J., Geddes, M., & Natali, L. (2009). Untying aid: Is it working? An Evaluation of the implementation of the Paris declaration and of the 2001 DAC recommendation of untying ODA to the LDCs. https://www.oecd.org/development/evaluation/dcdndep/44375975.pdf.Google Scholar
CNN. (2003, October 21). Mayne sells hospitals for $561m. CNN.Com. http://edition.cnn.com/2003/BUSINESS/10/20/australia.mayne.biz/.Google Scholar
Cooper, A., Kirton, J., & Schrecker, T. (2007). Governing Global Health: Challenge, Response, Innovation. Routledge.Google Scholar
Coyne, C. J., & Williamson, C. R. (2014). Can international aid improve health? In Brown, G. W., Yamey, G., & Wamala, S. (Eds.), The Handbook of Global Health Policy (pp. 375–92). Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cuervo-Cazurra, A. (2018). Thanks but no thanks: State-owned multinationals from emerging markets and host-country policies. Journal of International Business Policy, 1(3–4), 128–56. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-018-0009-9.Google Scholar
Cumhuriyet. (2011, May 25). Erdoğan Ankara projesini açıkladı. Cumhuriyet. www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/erdogan-ankara-projesini-acikladi-251954.Google Scholar
Davis, T. W. D. (2011). Foreign aid in Australia’s relationship with the South: Institutional narratives. The Round Table, 100(415), 389406. https://doi.org/10.1080/00358533.2011.595254.Google Scholar
Department for International Development. (2011, June 7). Andrew Mitchell on the reform of CDC Group plc. www.gov.uk/government/speeches/andrew-mitchell-on-the-reform-of-cdc-group-plc.Google Scholar
Dieleman, J. L., Schneider, M. T., Haakenstad, A. et al. (2016). Development assistance for health: Past trends, associations, and the future of international financial flows for health. The Lancet, 387(10037), 2536–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30168-4.Google Scholar
Dixon, A. D. (2022). The strategic logics of state investment funds in Asia: Beyond financialisation. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 52(1), 127–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2020.1841267.Google Scholar
Doherty, J. (2011). Expansion of the private health sector in east and Southern Africa. EQUINET Discussion Paper 87. University of the Witwatersrand. https://equinetafrica.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/EQ_Diss_87_Private_HS.pdf.Google Scholar
Douglass, M. (1994). The ‘developmental state’ and the newly industrialised economies of Asia. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 26(4), 543–66. https://doi.org/10.1068/a260543.Google Scholar
Elekta. (1999). Annual report 1998/1999.Google Scholar
Elekta. (2001). Annual report 2000/01.Google Scholar
Epstein, G. (2005). Financialization and the World Economy. Edward Elgar.Google Scholar
Eren Vural, I. (2017). Financialisation in health care: An analysis of private equity fund investments in Turkey. Social Science & Medicine, 187, 276–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.06.008.Google Scholar
Observer, Ethiopia. (2018, May 11). Charges dropped against heart surgeon Fikru Maru. www.ethiopiaobserver.com/2018/05/11/charges-dropped-against-heart-surgeon-fikru-maru/.Google Scholar
Evans, S. (2005). Ramsay, Affinity hop into bed. The Australian Financial Review. www.afr.com/companies/ramsay-affinity-hop-into-bed-20050415-jl57j.Google Scholar
Export-Import Bank of Korea. (2021). About the bank | vision and value. www.koreaexim.go.kr/site/homepage/menu/viewMenu?menuid=002001003001.Google Scholar
Feeny, S., & Ouattara, B. (2013). The effects of health aid on child health promotion in developing countries: Cross-country evidence. Applied Economics, 45(7), 911–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.613779.Google Scholar
Financial Times. (2010, July 1). Parkway hospitals: A tussle is developing over Asia’s biggest play on medical tourism. www.ft.com/content/d90f66a4-84ec-11df-adfa-00144feabdc0.Google Scholar
Financial Times. (2020). American shared hospital services announces acquisition of gamma knife center, Ecuador S.A. https://markets.ft.com/data/announce/full?dockey=1330-7947090en-652TC2I3U2E1L875LLBI346S9A.Google Scholar
Financial Tribune. (2015, October 5). S. Korean firms scour Iran for business opportunities. https://financialtribune.com/articles/economy-business-and-markets/27329/s-korean-firms-scour-iran-for-business-opportunities.Google Scholar
Financial Tribune. (2016, May 11). Foreign firms investing in Iran health projects. https://financialtribune.com/articles/people/41302/foreign-firms-investing-in-iran-health-projects.Google Scholar
FMO. (1998). Agreement state-FMO of 16 November 1998.Google Scholar
FMO. (2005). Annual report 2004.Google Scholar
FMO. (2012). Annual report 2011.Google Scholar
FMO. (2013). Annual report 2012.Google Scholar
FMO. (2015a). Annual report 2014.Google Scholar
FMO. (2015b, May 6). Project detail – IFHA-II COOPERATIEF U.A. www.fmo.nl/project-detail/43060.Google Scholar
FMO. (2016). Annual report 2015.Google Scholar
FMO. (2020a). Annual report 2019.Google Scholar
FMO. (2020b). Development accelerator: Annual report 2019.Google Scholar
FMO. (2021a). Development accelerator: Annual report 2020.Google Scholar
FMO. (2022a). Annual report 2021.Google Scholar
FMO. (2022b). Funding: Investor relations. www.fmo.nl/invest-with-us/funding.Google Scholar
Gabor, D. (2021). The wall street consensus. Development and Change, 52(3), 429–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12645.Google Scholar
Gabriel, A. (2010, July 31). Battle for parkway. The Star. www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2010/07/31/battle-for-parkway.Google Scholar
Gautier, L., De Allegri, M., & Ridde, V. (2019). How is the discourse of performance-based financing shaped at the global level? A poststructural analysis. Globalization and Health, 15(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0443-9.Google Scholar
Gaziantep Special Purpose Vehicle. (2021). Gaziantep integrated health campus. http://gaziantepihcproject.com/english.Google Scholar
Ghana National Association of Teachers. (2021). The Sweden Ghana Medical Centre (SGMC). www.ghanateachers.com/new/divisions/our-subsidiaries/sgmc-cancer-center.Google Scholar
Ghosh, D. (2021, May 10). Ranjan Pai: Building a healthcare empire. Fortune India. www.fortuneindia.com/enterprise/ranjan-pai-building-a-healthcare-empire/105470.Google Scholar
GIC. (2013). Report on the management of the government’s portfolio for the Year 2012/13. www.gic.com.sg/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/GIC_Report_2013.pdf.Google Scholar
GIC. (2014, May 16). GIC invests in minority stake to expand MPIC hospital group. www.gic.com.sg/newsroom/news/gic-invests-in-minority-stake-to-expand-mpic-hospital-group/.Google Scholar
GIC. (2019, October 15). MPIC raises Php 35.3bn from co-investment by GIC and KKR in hospital unit. www.gic.com.sg/newsroom/news/mpic-raises-php-35-3bn-from-co-investment-by-gic-and-kkr-in-hospital-unit/.Google Scholar
GIC. (2021, June 24). GIC invests RM750 million in Sunway healthcare. www.gic.com.sg/newsroom/all/gic-invests-rm750-million-in-sunway-healthcare/.Google Scholar
Gideon, J., Hunter, B. M., & Murray, S. F. (2017). Public-private partnerships in sexual and reproductive healthcare provision: Establishing a gender analysis. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 33(2), 166–80. https://doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1329157.Google Scholar
Gideon, J., & Unterhalter, E. (2017). Exploring public private partnerships in health and education: A critique. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 33(2), 136–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1330699.Google Scholar
Gill, I. (2018, January 19). The end of aid. Future development. www.brookings.edu/blog/future-development/2018/01/19/the-end-of-aid/.Google Scholar
Global Justice Now. (2020). Doing more harm than good: Why CDC must reform for people and planet. www.globaljustice.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/web_gjn_-_doing_more_harm_than_good_cdc_-_feb_2020_2.pdf.Google Scholar
Gomez, E. (2009). The politics of receptivity and resistance: How Brazil, India, China, and Russia strategically use the international health community in response to HIV/AIDS: A Theory. Global Health Governance, 3(1), 129.Google Scholar
Government of Japan. (2013). Japan revitalization strategy: Japan is back.Google Scholar
Government of Japan. (2014). The healthcare policy.Google Scholar
Government of Kenya. (2019). SDG partnership platform.Google Scholar
Government of Turkey. (2021). Investing in infrastructure & Public Private Partnership (PPP) projects in Turkey?Google Scholar
Grant, J. (2012, July 3). IHH extends Malaysia’s big-ticket IPO run. Financial Times. www.ft.com/content/21c80f3a-c4d4-11e1-b8fd-00144feabdc0.Google Scholar
Gray, K., & Gills, B. K. (2016). South–South cooperation and the rise of the Global South. Third World Quarterly, 37(4), 557–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1128817.Google Scholar
Greenblat, E. (2005). Affinity health eyes Asian expansion. The Australian Financial Review. www.afr.com/companies/affinity-health-eyes-asian-expansion-20050228-jl8ro.Google Scholar
Grépin, K. A., Fan, V. Y., Shen, G. C., & Chen, L. (2014). China’s role as a global health donor in Africa: what can we learn from studying under reported resource flows? Globalization and Health, 10(1), 84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-014-0084-6.Google Scholar
Griffith-Jones, S., & Ocampo, J. A. (2018). The Future of National Development Banks (Griffith-Jones, S. & Ocampo, J. A., Eds., Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827948.001.0001Google Scholar
Guillon, J. (2021). How a modern private hospital was created in Vietnam. Magazine Des Professions Financières et de l’Économie. www.professionsfinancieres.com/How-a-modern-private-hospital-was-created-in-Vietnam.Google Scholar
Gulrajani, N. (2017). Bilateral donors and the age of the national interest: What prospects for challenge by development agencies? World Development, 96, 375–89.Google Scholar
Hamer, J., & Kapilashrami, A. (2020). Win-win collaboration?: Understanding donor-private sector engagement in health and its implications for Universal Health Coverage. In Gideon, J. & Unterhalter, E. (Eds.), Critical Reflections on Public Private Partnerships (pp. 214–32). Routledge.Google Scholar
Harman, S. (2009). The world bank and health. In Kay, A. & Williams, O. D. (Eds.), Global Health Governance: Crisis, Institutions and Political Economy (pp. 227–44). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Harman, S. (2012). Global Health Governance. Routledge.Google Scholar
Harman, S. (2016). The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and legitimacy in global health governance. Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 22(3), 349–68.Google Scholar
Harmer, A., & Buse, K. (2014). The BRICS – A paradigm shift in global health? Contemporary Politics, 20(2), 127–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2014.907988.Google Scholar
Harvey, D. (2005). A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, M. (2016, May 20). Korean firms in for US$ 2 bn hospitals projects in Iran. KHL. www.khl.com/news/korean-firms-in-for-us-2-bn-hospitals-projects-in-iran/1118136.article.Google Scholar
Herzer, D. (2019). The long-run effect of aid on health: Evidence from panel cointegration analysis. Applied Economics, 51(12), 1319–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1527449.Google Scholar
Heymann, D. L., Chen, L., Takemi, K. et al. (2015). Global health security: The wider lessons from the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic. The Lancet, 385(9980), 1884–901. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60858-3.Google Scholar
Hochstetler, K., & Montero, A. P. (2013). The renewed developmental state: The National Development Bank and the Brazil model. Journal of Development Studies, 49(11), 1484–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2013.807503.Google Scholar
Hoffman, S. J., & Cole, C. B. (2018). Defining the global health system and systematically mapping its network of actors. Globalization and Health, 14(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0340-2.Google Scholar
Honeyman, V. C. (2019). New Labour’s overseas development aid policy–charity or self-interest? Contemporary British History, 33(3), 313–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/13619462.2018.1544498.Google Scholar
Hospital Management. (2017, June 20). EBRD grants €80m loan to construct new hospital in Gaziantep, Turkey. www.hospitalmanagement.net/news/newsebrd-grants-80m-loan-to-construct-new-hospital-in-gaziantep-turkey-5850222/.Google Scholar
House of Commons International Development Committee. (2011). The future of CDC. https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmselect/cmintdev/607/607.pdf.Google Scholar
Huang, Y. (2020). Emerging powers and global health governance. In McInnes, C., Lee, K., & Youde, J. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics (pp. 299324). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.013.19_update_001.Google Scholar
Hughes-McLure, S., & Mawdsley, E. (2022). Innovative finance for development? Vaccine bonds and the hidden costs of financialization. Economic Geography, 98(2), 145–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2021.2020090.Google Scholar
Humania. (2022). Humania, making a difference. www.humaniacap.com/about-us/.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., Bisht, R., & Murray, S. F. (2020). Neoliberalisation enacted through development aid: The case of health vouchers in India. Critical Public Health, 32(2), 193205. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2020.1770695.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., Harrison, S., Portela, A., & Bick, D. (2017). The effects of cash transfers and vouchers on the use and quality of maternity care services: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0173068.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., & Marriott, A. (2018). Development finance institutions and the (in)coherence of their investments in private healthcare companies. In Tomlinson, B., Palomares, E. R., & Pano, L. A. (Eds.), The Reality of Aid 2018 (pp. 3344). IBON International.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., & Murray, S. F. (2015). ‘Beyond aid’ investments in private healthcare in developing countries. BMJ, 3012(July), h3012. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3012.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., & Murray, S. F. (2019). Deconstructing the financialization of healthcare. Development and Change, 50(5), 1263–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12517.Google Scholar
Hunter, B. M., Murray, S. F., Marathe, S., & Chakravarthi, I. (2022). Decentred regulation: The case of private healthcare in India. World Development, 155, 105889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.105889Google Scholar
Husain, L., & Bloom, G. (2020). Understanding China’s growing involvement in global health and managing processes of change. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-00569-0.Google Scholar
IFC. (2008a). IFC investment to help expand high-quality health care, retain medical talent, and create employment in the Philippines. https://pressroom.ifc.org/all/pages/PressDetail.aspx?ID=22245.Google Scholar
IFC. (2013, July 2). IFC invests in AAR to improve health services in East Africa. https://pressroom.ifc.org/all/pages/PressDetail.aspx?ID=15409.Google Scholar
IFC. (2014b, December 15). IFC invests $255 million in Rede D’Or to expand access to healthcare services in Brazil. https://pressroom.ifc.org/all/pages/PressDetail.aspx?ID=17168.Google Scholar
IHH Healthcare Berhad. (2012). IHH healthcare Berhad prospectus. www.insage.com.my/Upload/Docs/IHH/IHH%20Prospectus%202012.pdf.Google Scholar
IHME. (2022). Financing global health. https://vizhub.healthdata.org/fgh/.Google Scholar
Ikitelli Integrated Health Campus Project. (2016). About project. www.pppikitellihastanesi.com/en/29594/About-Project.Google Scholar
InfraPPP. (2015). Ronesans holding acquires Istanbul Ikitelli hospital PPP in Turkey. www.infrapppworld.com/news/megaproject-528-ronesans-holding-acquires-istanbul-ikitelli-hospital-ppp-in-turkey.Google Scholar
InfraPPP. (2016). Financiers announced for Turkish hospital PPP. www.infrapppworld.com/news/financiers-announced-for-turkish-hospital-ppp.Google Scholar
InfraPPP. (2017, May 18). New investor joins sponsors of Gaziantep hospital PPP. www.infrapppworld.com/news/megaproject-930-new-investor-joins-sponsors-of-gaziantep-hospital-ppp.Google Scholar
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. (2019). Development assistance for health database 1990–2018. https://doi.org/10.6069/M8B5-FE25.Google Scholar
Investment Fund for Health in Africa. (2022). Portfolio. www.ifhafund.com/portfolio-companies/portfolio/.Google Scholar
Investors for Health. (2021). Investors for health. www.investorsforhealth.com/.Google Scholar
Janus, H., Klingebiel, S., & Paulo, S. (2015). Beyond aid: A conceptual perspective on the transformation of development cooperation. Journal of International Development, 27(2), 155–69. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.3045.Google Scholar
Jayaseelan, R. (2010, July 31). Parkway’s long history with Malaysia. The Star. www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2010/07/31/parkways-long-history-with-malaysia/.Google Scholar
JBIC. (2014, June 5). Equity participation in India’s Takshasila hospitals operating private limited. www.jbic.go.jp/en/information/press/press-2014/0605-21920.html.Google Scholar
JBIC. (2017, July 21). Project finance and political risk guarantee for Ikitelli hospital PPP project in the Republic of Turkey. www.jbic.go.jp/en/information/press/press-2017/0721-56156.html.Google Scholar
JBIC. (2019). JBIC profile: Role and function. www.jbic.go.jp/en/about/role-function.html.Google Scholar
JBIC. (2021, January). Using collaborations with overseas companies to drive the realization of society 5.0. JBIC Today. www.jbic.go.jp/en/information/today/today-2020/contents/jtd_202101.pdf.Google Scholar
JICA. (2015). Preparatory survey on hospital establishment project in Aydin province: Final report. https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12244620.pdf.Google Scholar
JICA. (2016). Data collection survey for introduction of Japanese expertise on hospital PPP project in the Republic of Turkey: Final Report. https://openjicareport.jica.go.jp/pdf/12254421.pdf.Google Scholar
Johnson, C. (1982). MITI and the Japanese Miracle: The Growth of Industrial Policy, 1925–1975. Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, J. (2015, January 19). Temasek buys 18% stake in Medanta from Punj Lloyd. VCCircle. www.vccircle.com/temasek-buys-18-stake-medanta-punj-lloyd.Google Scholar
Jubilee Debt Campaign. (2017). Double standards: How the UK promotes rip-off health PPPs abroad. www.jubileedebt.org.uk/doublestandards.Google Scholar
Kapilashrami, A., & Baru, R. (2018). Global Health Governance and Commercialisation in India. Routledge.Google Scholar
Katada, S. N. (2002). Japan’s two-track aid approach: The forces behind competing triads. Asian Survey, 42(2), 320–42. https://doi.org/10.1525/as.2002.42.2.320.Google Scholar
Kay, A., & Williams, O. D. (2009). Global Health Governance : Crisis, Institutions and Political Economy. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Keijzer, N., & Lundsgaarde, E. (2018). When ‘unintended effects’ reveal hidden intentions: Implications of ‘mutual benefit’ discourses for evaluating development cooperation. Evaluation and Program Planning, 68, 210–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2017.09.003.Google Scholar
Keshavjee, S. (2014). Blind Spot: How Neoliberalism Infiltrated Global Health. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Nasional, Khazanah. (2010). Khazanah and Integrated Healthcare Holdings Sdn Bhd, via its wholly owned subsidiary Integrated Healthcare Holdings Limited, announces the successful close of its voluntary general offer for Parkway Holdings Limited. Press Release. www.khazanah.com.my/news_press_releases/khazanah-and-integrated-healthcare-holdings-sdn-bhd-via-its-wholly-owned-subsidiary-integrated-healthcare-holdings-limited-announces-the-successful-close-of-its-voluntary-general-offer-for-parkway-h/.Google Scholar
Khazanah Nasional Berhad. (2005). Khazanah acquires stake in Apollo hospitals enterprise limited. Press Release. www.khazanah.com.my/news_press_releases/khazanah-acquires-stake-in-apollo-hospitals-enterprise-limited/.Google Scholar
Khazanah Nasional Berhad. (2006). Khazanah acquires a substantial stake In Pantai holdings berhad and to set up a joint venture with Parkway holdings ltd. and launch mandatory offer for Pantai shares. Press Release. www.khazanah.com.my/news_press_releases/khazanah-acquires-a-substantial-stake-in-pantai-holdings-berhad-and-to-set-up-a-joint-venture-with-parkway-holdings-ltd-and-laun-ch-mandatory-offer-for-pantai-shares/.Google Scholar
Berhad, Khazanah Nasional. (2021). Our history. www.khazanah.com.my/who-we-are/our-history/.Google Scholar
Kickbusch, I. (2012). Addressing the interface of the political and commercial determinants of health. Health Promotion International, 27(4), 427–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/das057.Google Scholar
Kickbusch, I., & Kokeny, M. (2013). Global health diplomacy: Five years on. Bull World Health Organ, 91(3), 159–159A. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.118596.Google Scholar
Kickbusch, I., & Szabo, M. M. C. (2014). A new governance space for health. Global Health Action, 7(1), 23507. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23507.Google Scholar
Kim, D. (2018, January 19). KDB infra invests $60 mn in Turkey’s hospital PPP debt. The Korea Economic Daily. www.jubileedebt.org.uk/doublestandards.Google Scholar
Kim, J. (2015). Hong pledges to reinvent KDB. The Korea Times. www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/biz/2021/11/488_192057.html.Google Scholar
King, N. B., & Koski, A. (2020). Defining global health as public health somewhere else. BMJ Global Health, 5(1), e002172. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002172.Google Scholar
Klitzing, E., Lin, D., Lund, S., & Nordin, L. (2010). Demystifying sovereign wealth funds. In Das, S., Mazarei, A., & van der Hoorn, H. (Eds.), Economics of Sovereign Wealth Funds: Issues for Policymakers (pp. 314). International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Krech, R., Kickbusch, I., Franz, C., & Wells, N. (2018). Banking for health: The role of financial sector actors in investing in global health. BMJ Global Health, 3(Suppl 1), e000597. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000597.Google Scholar
Kring, W. N., & Gallagher, K. P. (2019). Strengthening the foundations? Alternative institutions for finance and development. Development and Change, 50(1), 323. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12464.Google Scholar
Kumar, R. (2019). Public–private partnerships for universal health coverage? The future of ‘free health’ in Sri Lanka. Globalization and Health, 15(S1), 75. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-019-0522-6.Google Scholar
Lakoff, A. (2010). Two regimes of global health. Humanity: An International Journal of Human Rights, Humanitarianism, and Development, 1(1), 5979. https://doi.org/10.1353/hum.2010.0001.Google Scholar
Lakoff, A. (2017). Unprepared: Global Health in a Time of Emergency. University of California Press.Google Scholar
Languille, S. (2017). Public private partnerships in education and health in the global South: A literature review. Journal of International and Comparative Social Policy, 33(2), 124. https://doi.org/10.1080/21699763.2017.1307779.Google Scholar
Lee, K. (2019). Financing Industrial Development in Korea and Implications for Africa. In Monga, C. & Lin, J. Y. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Structural Transformation (pp. 549–70). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lee, L., & Daga, A. (2018, November 29). Malaysia’s Khazanah cuts IHH holding with $2 billion stake sale to Mitsui. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/us-ihh-m-a-mitsui-co-idUSKCN1NY0AF.Google Scholar
Lefebvre, B. (2010). Hospital chains in India: Coming of age? www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/asievisions23blefebvre.pdf.Google Scholar
Lethbridge, J. (2015). Health care reforms and the rise of global multinational health care companies. www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/asievisions23blefebvre.pdf.Google Scholar
Lethbridge, J. (2016). Unhealthy development: The UK department for international development and the promotion of healthcare privatisation. www.ifri.org/sites/default/files/atoms/files/asievisions23blefebvre.pdf.Google Scholar
Lisk, F., & Šehović, A. B. (2020). Rethinking global health governance in a changing world order for achieving sustainable development: The role and potential of the ‘rising powers’. Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences, 13(1), 4565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40647-018-00250-2.Google Scholar
Lunt, N. (2017). Exporting healthcare services: A comparative discussion of the UK, Turkey and South Korea. In Horsfall, D. & Hudson, J. (Eds.), Social Policy in an Era of Competition (pp. 103–16). Policy Press. https://doi.org/10.51952/9781447326298.ch006.Google Scholar
Mackintosh, M., Channon, A., Karan, A. et al. (2016). What is the private sector? Understanding private provision in the health systems of low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet, 388(10044), 596605. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)00342-1.Google Scholar
Maclean, S. J., Brown, S. A., & Fourie, P. (2009). Health for Some: The Political Economy of Global Health Governance. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Mader, P., Mertens, D., & van der Zwan, N. (2020). The Routledge International Handbook of Financialization. Routledge.Google Scholar
Mah, L. (2018). Promoting private sector for development: The rise of blended finance in EU aid architecture. www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/16301/1/wp171.pdf.Google Scholar
Mahajan, M. (2018). Philanthropy and the nation-state in global health: The Gates Foundation in India. Global Public Health, 13(10), 1357–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2017.1414286.Google Scholar
Mahajan, M. (2019). The IHME in the shifting landscape of global health metrics. Global Policy, 10(S1), 110–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-5899.12605.Google Scholar
Marathe, S., Hunter, B. M., Chakravarthi, I., Shukla, A., & Murray, S. F. (2020). The impacts of corporatisation of healthcare on medical practice and professionals in Maharashtra, India. BMJ Global Health, 5(2), e002026. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-002026.Google Scholar
Mawdsley, E. (2016). Development geography II: Financialization. Progress in Human Geography, 42(2), 264–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132516678747.Google Scholar
Mawdsley, E. (2017). National interests and the paradox of foreign aid under austerity: Conservative governments and the domestic politics of international development since 2010. The Geographical Journal, 183(3), 223–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/geoj.12219.Google Scholar
Mawdsley, E., Murray, W. E., Overton, J., Scheyvens, R., & Banks, G. (2018). Exporting stimulus and ‘shared prosperity’: Reinventing foreign aid for a retroliberal era. Development Policy Review, 36, O25O43. https://doi.org/10.1111/dpr.12282.Google Scholar
Mawdsley, E., Savage, L., & Kim, S.-M. (2014). A “post-aid world”? Paradigm shift in foreign aid and development cooperation at the 2011 Busan High Level Forum. The Geographical Journal, 180(1), 2738. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2012.00490.x.Google Scholar
Mawdsley, E., & Taggart, J. (2022). Rethinking d/Development. Progress in Human Geography, 46(1), 320. https://doi.org/10.1177/03091325211053115.Google Scholar
McCoy, D., & McGoey, L. (2011). Global health and the gates foundation – In perspective. In Rushton, S. & Williams, O. (Eds.), Partnerships and Foundations in Global Health Governance (pp. 143–63). Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
McGoey, L. (2015). No Such Thing as a Free Gift: The Gates Foundation and the Price of Philanthropy. Verso Books.Google Scholar
McInnes, C., Kamradt-Scott, A., Lee, K. et al. (2014). The Transformation of Global Health Governance. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Medical Credit Fund. (2014). Philips and Medical Credit Fund announce partnership. www.medicalcreditfund.org/update/philips-and-medical-credit-fund-announce-partnership/.Google Scholar
Medical Credit Fund. (2021). Medical Credit Fund raises EUR 32.5 million to support health entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa. www.medicalcreditfund.org/update/medical-credit-fund-raises-eur-32-5-million-to-support-health-entrepreneurs-in-sub-saharan-africa/.Google Scholar
Medical Dialogues. (2019, June 12). Eye care chain Disha medical services raises over Rs 27 crore in series C funding. https://business.medicaldialogues.in/eye-care-chain-disha-medical-services-raises-over-rs-27-crore-in-series-c-funding.Google Scholar
Medical Excellence Japan. (2019). Implementation of projects commissioned by governmental agencies. https://medicalexcellencejapan.org/en/entrustment/index.php#entrustment-1.Google Scholar
Micah, A. E., Zhao, Y., Chen, C. S. et al. (2019). Tracking development assistance for health from China, 2007–2017. BMJ Global Health, 4(5), e001513. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001513.Google Scholar
Mills, A. (2014). Health care systems in low- and middle-income countries. New England Journal of Medicine, 370(6), 552–7. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra1110897.Google Scholar
Milward, H. B., & Provan, K. G. (2000). Governing the hollow state. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 10(2), 359–80.Google Scholar
Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2019, April 23). Korea accelerating healthcare cooperation with Central Asian countries. www.mohw.go.kr/eng/nw/nw0101vw.jsp?PAR_MENU_ID=1007&MENU_ID=100701&page=6&CONT_SEQ=349164.Google Scholar
Mitsui. (2011, December 26). Mitsui & Co. associated company integrated healthcare holdings to acquire stake in Turkish healthcare group. www.mitsui.com/jp/en/release/2011/1205173_6470.html.Google Scholar
Mohan, G., & Mawdsley, E. (2007). The war on terror, American hegemony and international development. Review of International Political Economy, 14(3), 439–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290701395692.Google Scholar
Monetary Authority of Singapore. (1998). Fund management in Singapore: New directions | speech by Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, at the investment Management Association of Singapore seminar. www.mas.gov.sg/news/speeches/1998/fund-management-in-singapore-new-directions–26-feb-1998.Google Scholar
Morrison, D. (1998). Aid and Ebb Tide: A History of CIDA and Canadian Development Assistance. Wilfrid Laurier University Press.Google Scholar
Morrison, J. (2012). The end of the golden era of global health? www.csis.org/analysis/end-golden-era-global-healthGoogle Scholar
Musacchio, A., Lazzarini, S., Makhoul, P., & Simmons, E. (2017). The role and impact of development banks. https://people.brandeis.edu/~aldom/papers/The%20Role%20and%20Impact%20of%20Development%20Banks%20-%203-9-2017.pdf.Google Scholar
Naqvi, A. (2016, May). Partnership capital can solve global development challenges. Institutional Investor Magazine. www.institutionalinvestor.com/article/b14z9qp29sksm8/partnership-capital-can-solve-global-development-challenges.Google Scholar
Ngui, Y., & Kok, C. (2012, July 25). Malaysia’s IHH jumps 14 percent as world’s No.3 IPO debuts. Reuters. www.reuters.com/article/us-malaysia-ihh-ipo-idUSBRE86O03J20120725.Google Scholar
Nishigaki, A. (2000). A new phase in Japanese economic cooperation. Asia-Pacific Review, 7(1), 5665. https://doi.org/10.1080/713650814.Google Scholar
OECD. (2016). Dutch Good Growth Fund (DGGF), Netherlands enterprise agency.Google Scholar
OECD. (2021). COVID-19 spending helped to lift foreign aid to an all-time high in 2020.Google Scholar
OECD. (2022a). Development finance institutions and private sector development. www.oecd.org/development/development-finance-institutions-private-sector-development.htm.Google Scholar
OECD. (2022d). TOSSD reporting instructions. www.tossd.org/docs/reporting-instructions.pdf.Google Scholar
Oxfam. (2014). A dangerous diversion: Will the IFC‘s flagship health PPP bankrupt Lesotho‘s ministry of health? https://oxfamilibrary.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/10546/315183/bn-dangerous-diversion-lesotho-health-ppp-070414-en.pdf?sequence=1.Google Scholar
Oxford Business Group. (n.d.). A change of tack: Greater cooperation between public and private could bring rewards. 2 November 2021, https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/analysis/change-tack-greater-cooperation-between-public-and-private-could-bring-rewards.Google Scholar
Parlimen Malaysia. (2005). Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Dewan Rakyat: Selasa 29 November 2005.Google Scholar
Pearson, N. (2022, April 5). Why Kenyan nonprofit Jacaranda health spun out its hospital as a social venture. ImpactAlpha. https://impactalpha.com/why-kenyan-nonprofit-jacaranda-health-spun-out-its-hospital-as-a-social-venture/.Google Scholar
Pfeiffer, J. (2013). The struggle for a public sector: PEPFAR in Mozambique. In Biehl, J., & Petryna, A. (Eds.), When People Come First: Critical Studies in Global Health: Critical Studies in Global Health (pp. 166–81). Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
PharmAccess Group. (2021). Stichting medical credit fund: Annual report 2020.Google Scholar
Philips. (2010). Annual report 2009. Staying focused, acting decisively.Google Scholar
Philips. (2013a). Annual report 2012. Accelerate! progress in delivering our full potential.Google Scholar
Philips. (2013b). Fabric of Africa trends report.Google Scholar
Philips. (2015a). Annual report 2014. Innovating for a healthier, more sustainable world.Google Scholar
Pilla, V. (2022, February 24). Vasan Eye Care creditors approve ASG’s 600-cr bid. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/vasan-eye-care-creditors-approve-asgs-600-cr-bid/articleshow/89783558.cms.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2006). Rapport annuel 2005.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2009). Annual report 08.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2011, October 31). Loan to Hospital Do Coracao to improve and develop the healthcare services of a reputed Brazilian hospital. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/hcor.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2013). Annual report 2012.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2014a). Annual report 2013.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2014b, December 19). Six hospitals to scale up healthcare provision: The Adana hospital complex. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/adana-hospital.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2014c, December 31). Towards a regional healthcare facility network in the Maghreb region: The ambitious objective of NAHHG. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/nahhg.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2015a). Annual report 2014.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2015b). In Sub-Saharan Africa, the private sector is addressing the lack of healthcare provision. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/ciel-healthcare-ltd.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2015c, May 29). Supporting the development of the hospital and pharmaceutical sectors in South and Southeast Asia. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/quadria-fund-2015.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2016a, September 6). Evex: A loan to upgrade hospital services in Georgia. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/evex-medical.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2016b, December 14). A new financial instrument for Proparco’s social projects: Green & Social Project Bonds to fund a new hospital in Turkey. www.proparco.fr/en/actualites/new-financial-instrument-proparcos-social-projects-green-social-project-bonds-fund-new.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2017, April 14). Turkey: €15 million to support a PPP public hospital-building project. www.proparco.fr/en/actualites/turkey-eu15-million-support-ppp-public-hospital-building-project.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2018). Developing health services in East Africa with AAR healthcare. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/aar-healthcare.Google Scholar
Proparco. (2020, June 30). IFC, IFU and PROPARCO are making an equity investment of over USD 100 m to improve the health sector in Egypt and Morocco. www.proparco.fr/en/carte-des-projets/humania.Google Scholar
Pulse. (2017, November 3). Korea’s KDB infra to invest $63 mn in Turkish general hospital. https://pulsenews.co.kr/view.php?year=2017&no=729021.Google Scholar
Quadir, F. (2013). Rising donors and the new narrative of ‘South–South’ cooperation: What prospects for changing the landscape of development assistance programmes? Third World Quarterly, 34(2), 321–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2013.775788.Google Scholar
Rai, J. (2018, July 4). Asian Development Bank to invest in dialysis firm DCDC. VCCircle. www.vccircle.com/asian-development-bank-to-invest-in-dialysis-firm-dcdc.Google Scholar
Rajagopal, D. (2017, April 13). Dr Mohan’s raises Rs 66 crore from Lok capital, Evolvence. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/dr-mohans-raises-rs-66-crore-from-lok-capital-evolvence/articleshow/58161679.cms.Google Scholar
Rao, M. (1999). Disinvesting in Health: The World Bank’s Prescriptions for Health. SAGE.Google Scholar
Rediff.com. (2004, August 10). Temasek set to buy 5% Apollo Hospitals stake. www.rediff.com/money/report/apollo/20040810.htm.Renault, P., & Rousselot, M. (2013, July). Meeting the financing needs of healthcare providers. Private Sector & Development. https://issuu.com/objectif-developpement/docs/proparco_revuespd_17_uk.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2001, April 27). Mahathir’s son quits corporate roles. CNN.Com. http://edition.cnn.com/2001/BUSINESS/asia/04/27/malaysia.mahathir.biz/index.html.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2012, February 21). Abraaj acquires Aureos capital to strengthen emerging market PE biz. www.reuters.com/article/abraaj-acquires-aureos-capital-to-streng-idINDEE81K05620120221.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2013, March 12). Temasek bets $25.7 million in healthCare global; EILSF exits with 2.2x returns. www.reuters.com/article/temasek-bets-257-million-in-healthcare-g-idINDEE92B04J20130312.Google Scholar
Reuters. (2020, December 28). UPDATE 1-Vietnam’s Vingroup sells stake in medical unit to Singapore’s GIC. www.reuters.com/article/gic-vingroup-vinmec-idUSL1N2J80C5.Google Scholar
Riddell, R. C. (1999). The end of foreign aid to Africa? Concerns about donor policies. African Affairs, 98(392), 309–35. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008042.Google Scholar
Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland. (2017, March 1). Scoping study TA project ‘PPP in LS&H sector Kenya’. https://projects.rvo.nl/project/nl-kvk-27378529-mag17ke02/.Google Scholar
RMBV. (2021). Fund platforms. www.rmbv.net/platforms.Google Scholar
Roberts, S. M. (2014). Development capital: USAID and the rise of development contractors. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 104(5), 1030–51. https://doi.org/10.1080/00045608.2014.924749.Google Scholar
Rushton, S. (2011). Global health security: Security for whom? Security from what? Political Studies, 59(4), 779–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2011.00919.x.Google Scholar
Rushton, S., & Williams, O. D. (2011). Partnerships and Foundations in Global Health Governance. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Sakra World Hospital. (2022). International patient services. www.sakraworldhospital.com/international-service.Google Scholar
Salm, M., Ali, M., Minihane, M., & Conrad, P. (2021). Defining global health: Findings from a systematic review and thematic analysis of the literature. BMJ Global Health, 6(6), e005292. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005292.Google Scholar
Samsung, C&T. (2019, July 26). Efforts to improve Mongolian medical services bear fruit after three years. http://news.samsungcnt.com/efforts-improve-mongolian-medical-services-bear-fruit-three-years/.Google Scholar
Samsung, C&T. (2022). Infrastructure | overview. http://project.samsungcnt.com/spb/infra/0401/html.do.Google Scholar
Santelli, J. S., Kantor, L. M., Grilo, S. A. et al. (2017). Abstinence-only-until-marriage: An updated review of U.S. policies and programs and their impact. Journal of Adolescent Health, 61(3), 273–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.05.031.Google Scholar
Sapkala, Y. (2010, June 4). Fortis’ Parkway battle: The Khazanah story. Moneylife. www.moneylife.in/article/fortis-parkway-battle-the-khazanah-story/5843.html.Google Scholar
Capital, Satya. (2009). Hygeia secures financial partnerships to support growth plans. www.satyacapital.com/news/hygeia-secures-financial-partnerships.html.Google Scholar
Savoy, C. M., Carter, P., & Lemma, A. (2016). Development finance institutions come of age: Policy engagement, impact and new directions. https://edfi-website-v1.s3.fr-par.scw.cloud/uploads/2017/10/Development-Finance-Institutions-Come-of-Age.pdf.Google Scholar
Scandinavian Care. (2021). Investment and consulting. www.scandinaviancare.com/investment-and-consulting.Google Scholar
Schmidt, H. (2003). Pushed to the front: The foreign assistance policy of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1958–1971. Contemporary European History, 12(4), 473507. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960777303001383.Google Scholar
Schrecker, T. (2020). Towards a critical political economy of global health. In McInnes, C., Lee, K., & Youde, J. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Global Health Politics (pp. 468–90). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190456818.013.29.Google Scholar
Selbervik, H., & Nygaard, K. (2006). Nordic exceptionalism in development assistance? Aid policies and the major donors: The Nordic countries. www.cmi.no/publications/file/2371-nordic-exceptionalism-in-development-assistance.pdf.Google Scholar
Sell, S. K., & Williams, O. D. (2020). Health under capitalism: A global political economy of structural pathogenesis. Review of International Political Economy, 27(1), 125. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2019.1659842.Google Scholar
Shin, J., & Chang, H. (2003). Restructuring ‘Korea Inc.’: Financial Crisis, Corporate Reform, and Institutional Transition. RoutledgeCurzon.Google Scholar
Shukla, T. (2016, January 29). What really happened at Vasan healthcare? Mint. www.livemint.com/Companies/0XHIPMIRMI5BeUMeZQEhoN/What-really-happened-at-Vasan-Healthcare.html.Google Scholar
Silva, A. L., Bernardo, L. B., & Mah, L. (2021). The future of international development cooperation: Fragmentation, adaptation and innovation in a changing world. www.plataformaongd.pt/uploads/subcanais2/the_future_of_international_development_cooperation_english_final.pdf.Google Scholar
Singh, K., & Chatterjee, P. (2011, June 22). Vasan healthcare may sell 15% to GIC for $100 million. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/healthcare/biotech/healthcare/vasan-healthcare-may-sell-15-to-gic-for-100-million/articleshow/8945310.cms?from=mdr.Google Scholar
Sirio-Libanes Hospital. (2014). Sustainability report 2014. https://media.graphassets.com/ZriWlcQrudxVCmBn4QQ4.Google Scholar
Skelcher, C. (2000). Changing images of the State: Overloaded, hollowed-out, congested. Public Policy and Administration, 15(3), 319. https://doi.org/10.1177/095207670001500302.Google Scholar
Skocpol, T. (1985). Bringing the state back in: Strategies of analysis in current research. In Evans, P. B., Rueschemeyer, D., & Skocpol, T. (Eds.), Bringing the State Back In (pp. 3–38). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sojitz. (2017, July 21). Sojitz joins hospital project in the Republic of Turkey. www.sojitz.com/en/news/2017/07/20170721-02.php.Google Scholar
Sojitz. (2020a). Sojitz opens one of the world’s largest hospital complexes in Turkey. www.sojitz.com/en/news/2020/05/20200521.php.Google Scholar
Sojitz. (2020b, September). Medical infrastructure business. www.sojitz.com/en/special/projects/detail/post-6.php.Google Scholar
Sonavane, R. (2021, September 30). Carlyle to part-exit as Medanta hospital chain files for IPO. VCCircle. www.vccircle.com/carlyle-to-part-exit-as-medanta-hospital-chain-files-for-ipo.Google Scholar
Sonmez, M. (2021, June 30). Turkish-Danish hospital deal might be more than meets the eye. Al-Monitor. www.al-monitor.com/originals/2021/06/turkish-danish-hospital-deal-might-be-more-meets-eye.Google Scholar
Sovereign Wealth Fund Institute. (2022). Top 100 largest sovereign wealth fund rankings by total assets. www.swfinstitute.org/fund-rankings/sovereign-wealth-fund.Google Scholar
Sperber, N. (2019). The many lives of state capitalism: From classical Marxism to free-market advocacy. History of the Human Sciences, 32(3), 100–24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952695118815553.Google Scholar
Sridhar, D., Winters, J., & Strong, E. (2017). World Bank’s financing, priorities, and lending structures for global health. BMJ, 38, j3339.Google Scholar
Stein, F. (2021). Risky business: COVAX and the financialization of global vaccine equity. Globalization and Health, 17(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-021-00763-8.Google Scholar
Stein, F., & Sridhar, D. (2018). The financialisation of global health. Wellcome Open Research, 3, 17. https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.13885.1.Google Scholar
Stenberg, K., Hanssen, O., Edejer, T. T.-T. et al. (2017). Financing transformative health systems towards achievement of the health Sustainable Development Goals: A model for projected resource needs in 67 low-income and middle-income countries. The Lancet Global Health, 5(9), e875e887. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(17)30263-2.Google Scholar
Storm, S. (2018). Financialization and economic development: A debate on the social efficiency of modern finance. Development and Change, 49(2), 302–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12385.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2010a). Finance for development: Swedfund sustainability report 2009.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2010b). Swedfund annual report 2009.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2012). Elekta and Swedfund invest in radiosurgery and radiotherapy clinics.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2013a). Poverty reduction through sustainable business: Swedfund’s sustainability and annual report 2012.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2013b). Poverty reduction through sustainable business: Swedfund’s sustainability And annual report 2012.Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2014). Growing power: How Swedfund helps fight poverty through sustainable business [Integrated report 2013].Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2020a). Sustainable Investments: A true story about escaping poverty [Integrated report 2019].Google Scholar
Swedfund. (2022). Investments. www.swedfund.se/en/investments/.Google Scholar
Tan, Y., Lee, K., & Pang, T. (2012). Global health governance and the rise of Asia. Global Policy, 3(3), 324–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1758-5899.2012.00177.x.Google Scholar
Task Force Health Care. (2017, May 3). Philips partners with the government of Kenya and the UN to advance the African healthcare agenda. www.tfhc.nl/philips-partners-government-kenya-un-advance-african-healthcare-agenda/.Google Scholar
Task Force Health Care, & Kenya Healthcare Federation. (2016). Kenyan healthcare sector: opportunities for the Dutch life sciences & health sector. https://khf.co.ke/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/2016-Kenyan-Healthcare-Sector-Report.pdf.Google Scholar
The Economic Times. (2021, September 16). Ayu Health Gets $6.3-million Funding from Vertex, Stellaris and Others. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/funding/ayu-health-gets-6-3-million-funding-from-vertex-stellaris-and-others/articleshow/86261195.cms.Google Scholar
The G20 Research Group. (2015). G20. Turkey: The Antalya Summit. www.g7g20.com/publication/g20-2015Google Scholar
The Korea Times. (2012). Samsung C&T picked as prime bidder for hospital project in Turkey. www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/tech/2021/09/129_125174.htmlGoogle Scholar
The Star. (2006, January 21). Temasek and UAE firm buy 12% of Thai hospital. www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2006/01/21/temasek-and-uae-firm-buy-12-of-thai-hospital/.Google Scholar
The Star. (2021, May 7). Mitsui & Co weighs buyout of US$11bil hospital group IHH Healthcare. www.thestar.com.my/business/business-news/2021/05/07/mitsui–co-weighs-buyout-of-us11bil-hospital-group-ihh-healthcareGoogle Scholar
Toyota Tsusho. (2016, July 1). Raising the quality of medical care in India through hospital management. www.toyota-tsusho.com/english/about/project/02.html.Google Scholar
UK Government. (2021, November 24). Truss revamps British development finance institution to deliver jobs and clean growth. www.gov.uk/government/news/truss-revamps-british-development-finance-institution-to-deliver-jobs-and-clean-growth.Google Scholar
UNCTAD. (2014, October 21). Developing countries and sovereign wealth funds ready for partnership on sustainable investment. https://unctad.org/press-material/developing-countries-and-sovereign-wealth-funds-ready-partnership-sustainable.Google Scholar
UNDP. (2021, December 19). Kenya SDG partnership platform. Trust Fund Factsheet. https://mptf.undp.org/factsheet/fund/KEN00?fund_status_month_to=&fund_status_year_to=2017.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2015). The Addis Ababa action agenda of the third international conference on financing for development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2051AAAA_Outcome.pdf.Google Scholar
van Dam, P., & van Dis, W. (2014). Beyond the merchant and the clergyman: Assessing moral claims about development cooperation. Third World Quarterly, 35(9), 1636–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2014.970863.Google Scholar
van de Pas, R., & van Schaik, L. G. (2014). Democratizing the World Health Organization. Public Health, 128(2), 195201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2013.08.023.Google Scholar
VCCircle. (2010, December 16). Aureos capital India invests $10m in BSR super speciality hospitals. www.reuters.com/article/idINIndia-53614620101216.Google Scholar
Venkat, P. R., Holmes, S., & Tudor, A. (2010, July 27). An uncommon deal battle ends. Wall Street Journal. www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703700904575390491799022242.Google Scholar
Verger, A. (2012). Framing and selling global education policy: The promotion of public–private partnerships for education in low-income contexts. Journal of Education Policy, 27(1), 109–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2011.623242.Google Scholar
Wade, R. H. (2018). The developmental state: Dead or alive? Development and Change, 49(2), 518–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12381.Google Scholar
Wadge, H., Roy, R., Sripathy, A. et al. (2017a). How to harness the private sector for universal health coverage. The Lancet, 390(10090), e19e20. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31718-X.Google Scholar
Wadge, H., Roy, R., Sripathy, A. et al. (2017b). Evaluating the Impact of Private Providers on Health and Health Systems. London.Google Scholar
Wang, X., & Sun, T. (2014). China’s engagement in global health governance: A critical analysis of China’s assistance to the health sector of Africa. Journal of Global Health, 4(1), 010301. https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.04.010301.Google Scholar
Wemos. (2019). Best public value for public money: The case of match-funded multi-hospital infrastructure development in Tanzania. www.wemos.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Wemos_discussion-paper_Aid-for-Trade_Best-Public-Value-for-Public-Money_Oct-2019.pdf.Google Scholar
Wemos. (2020). In the interest of health for all? The Dutch ‘aid and trade’ agenda as pursued in the African healthcare context. www.wemos.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/Dutch-AT-in-Health-Kenya_Wemos-discussion-paper_Oct-2020.pdf.Google Scholar
White, G., & Wade, R. (1984). Developmental states in East Asia: Editorial introduction. IDS Bulletin, 15(2), 13. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1984.mp15002001.x.Google Scholar
Wong, J. (2004). The adaptive developmental state in East Asia. Journal of East Asian Studies, 4(3), 345–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800006007.Google Scholar
Woo-Cumings, M. (1999). The Developmental State. Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2013a). Financing for development post-2015.Google Scholar
World Bank. (2013b). Public private partnerships for health: PPPs are here and growing.Google Scholar
World Bank, & International Monetary Fund. (2015). From billions to trillions: Transforming development finance.Google Scholar
Wright, M., Wood, G., Musacchio, A. et al. (2021). State capitalism in international context: Varieties and variations. Journal of World Business, 56(2), 101160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2020.101160.Google Scholar
Wynne, M. (2000, April). Health services in Singapore. Corporate Healthcare. www.bmartin.cc/dissent/documents/health/singapore.html.Google Scholar
Yasutomo, D. T. (1989). Why aid? Japan as an ‘aid great power’. Pacific Affairs, 62(4), 490503. https://doi.org/10.2307/2759672.Google Scholar
Yilmaz, V. (2017). The Politics of Healthcare Reform in Turkey. Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
You, J. (2021). The changing dynamics of state–business relations and the politics of reform and capture in South Korea. Review of International Political Economy, 28(1), 81102. https://doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2020.1724176.Google Scholar
Youde, J. (2012). Global Health Governance. Polity Press.Google Scholar
Youde, J. (2013). The Rockefeller and Gates Foundations in global health governance. Global Society, 27(2), 139–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600826.2012.762341.Google Scholar
Youde, J. (2018a). China’s role in global health governance. In Parker, R. & Garcia, J. (Eds.), Routledge Handbook on the Politics of Global Health (pp. 172–80). Routledge.Google Scholar
Youde, J. (2018b). China, International Society, and Global Health Governance (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813057.003.0008.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y., Micah, A. E., Gloyd, S., & Dieleman, J. L. (2020). Development assistance for health and the Middle East and North Africa. Globalization and Health, 16(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-020-0545-z.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Investor States
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Investor States
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Investor States
Available formats
×