Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T05:53:29.825Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Hong Kong-China Nexus

A Brief History

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 March 2022

John M Carroll
Affiliation:
The University of Hong Kong

Summary

The Occupy Central/Umbrella Movement of 2014 and the anti-extradition protests of 2019 revealed how much Hong Kong's relationship with mainland China has deteriorated since the former British colony returned to Chinese sovereignty in July 1997. With mutual distrust and suspicion at an all-time high, many Hong Kong people have become increasingly hostile toward the Chinese government and the mainland in general, identifying themselves as Hongkongers rather than as Chinese. Yet, as John Carroll shows, for more than 150 years, colonial Hong Kong and China not only coexisted with but benefited each other, even during the anti-imperialist campaigns of the Republican and Communist eras. The porous boundary between Hong Kong and China enabled the two to use each other economically, politically, socially, and culturally. The Hong Kong–China nexus, although firmly embedded in global dynamics of colonialism, Cold War politics, and capitalist expansion, defies many common assumptions about nationalism, colonialism, and decolonization.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781108893275
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 05 May 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Bibliography

Abe, K. (2018). Chinese Middlemen in Hong Kong’s Colonial Economy. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Baker, H. D. (1995). Social change in Hong Kong: Hong Kong man in search of majority. In Shambaugh, D., ed., Greater China: The Next Superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 212225.Google Scholar
Benedict, C. (1996a). Bubonic Plague in Nineteenth-Century China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Benedict, C. (1996b). Framing plague in China’s past. In Hershatter, G., Honig, E., Lipman, J. N., and Stross, R., eds., Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, pp. 2741.Google Scholar
Bergère, M.-C. (1989). The Golden Age of the Chinese Bourgeoisie, 1911–1937. Trans. Lloyd, Janet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bickers, R. (2020). China Bound: John Swire & Sons and Its World, 1816–1980. London: Bloomsbury.Google Scholar
Burns, J. P. (2021). Public policy and learning from SARS: Explaining COVID-19 in Hong Kong. In Greer, S. L., King, E. J., da Fonseca, E. M., and Peralta-Santos, A., eds., Coronavirus Politics: The Comparative Politics and Policy of COVID-19. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 86104.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. M. (2006). Colonial Hong Kong as a cultural-historical place. Modern Asian Studies, 40(2), 517543.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carroll, J. M. (2007). A Concise History of Hong Kong. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield/Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. M. (2008). Contested colony: Hong Kong, the 1949 revolution, and the “Taiwan problem.” In Kerr, D., Tong, Q. S., and Wang, S., eds., Critical Zone 3. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press/Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, pp. 7593.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. M. (2005). Edge of Empires: Chinese Elites and British Colonials in Hong Kong. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Carroll, J. M. (2009). A national custom: Debating female servitude in late nineteenth-century Hong Kong. Modern Asian Studies, 43(6), 14631593.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartledge, S. (2017). A System Apart: Hong Kong’s Political Economy from 1997 until Now. Docklands, VIC: Penguin Australia.Google Scholar
Chan, M. K. (1995). All in the family: The Hong Kong–Guangdong link in historical perspective. In Kwok, R. Y-W. and So, A. Y., eds, The Hong Kong–Guangdong Link: Partnership in Flux. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 3163.Google Scholar
Chan, M. K. (1990). Labour vs. Crown: Aspects of society-state interactions in the Hong Kong labour movement before World War, II. In Sinn, E., ed., Between East and West: Aspects of Social and Political Development in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, pp. 132146.Google Scholar
Chan, M. K. (1997). The legacy of the British administration of Hong Kong: A view from Hong Kong. China Quarterly, 151, 567582.Google Scholar
Chan, S. (2009). East River Column: Hong Kong Guerrillas in the Second World War and After. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Chan Lau, K. (1990). China, Britain and Hong Kong, 1895–1945. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Chan Lau, K. (1999). From Nothing to Nothing: The Chinese Communist Movement and Hong Kong, 1921–1936. New York: St. Martin’s Press.Google Scholar
Chappell, J. (2018). Maritime raiding, international law and the suppression of piracy on the South China coast, 1842–1869. International History Review, 40(3), 473492.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, E. W. (2019). Hong Kong’s hybrid regime and its repertoires. In Lee, C. K. and Sing, M., eds., Take Back Our Future: An Eventful Sociology of the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 167191.Google Scholar
Cheung, G. K. (2017). How the 1967 riots changed Hong Kong’s political landscape, with the repercussions still felt today. In Ng, M. H. K. and Wong, J. D., eds., Civil Unrest and Governance in Hong Kong: Law and Order from Historical and Cultural Perspectives. New York: Routledge, pp. 6375.Google Scholar
Cheung, P. T. Y. (2012). The changing relations between Hong Kong and the mainland since 2003. In Lam, W., Lui, P. L., and Wong, W., eds., Contemporary Hong Kong Government and Politics. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp. 325348.Google Scholar
Cheung, P. T. Y. (2011). Who’s influencing whom? Exploring the influence of Hong Kong on politics and governance in China. Asian Survey, 51(4), 713–38.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheung, S.-K. (2014). Reunification through water and food: The other battle for lives and bodies in China’s Hong Kong policy. China Quarterly, 220, 10121032.Google Scholar
Chin, A. S. (2012). Bound to Emancipate: Working Women and Urban Citizenship in Early Twentieth-Century China and Hong Kong. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Choi, H. S. H. (2017). The Remarkable Hybrid Maritime World of Hong Kong and the West River Region in the Late Qing Period. Leiden:Brill.Google Scholar
Chou, G. A. (2011). Confucianism, Colonialism, and the Cold War Chinese Cultural Education at Hong Kong’s New Asia College, 1949–63. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Chu, C. Y. (2010) Chinese Communists and Hong Kong Capitalists: 1937–1997. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Chu, C. Y. (1999). Overt and covert functions of the Hong Kong branch of the Xinhua News Agency, 1947–84. Historian, 62(1), 3146.Google Scholar
Chung, S. P. (1998). Chinese Business Groups in Hong Kong and Political Change in South China, 1900–25. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Clarke, D. (2001). Hong Kong Art: Culture and Decolonization. London: Reaktion.Google Scholar
Clayton, D. (1997). Imperialism Revisited: Political and Economic Relations between Britain and China, 1950–54. Basingstoke, UK: Macmillan.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clayton, D. (2018). The roots of regionalism: Water management in postwar Hong Kong. In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 Handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 166185.Google Scholar
Cohen, P. A. (1987). Between Tradition and Modernity: Wang T’ao and Reform in Late Ch’ing China. Cambridge, MA: Council on East Asian Studies, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Dapiran, A. (2017). City of Protest: A Recent History of Dissent in Hong Kong. Docklands, VIC: Penguin Australia.Google Scholar
Dapiran, A. (2020). City on Fire: The Fight for Hong Kong. Melbourne: Scribe.Google Scholar
D’Arcy-Brown, L. (2012). Chusan: The Forgotten Story of Britain’s First Chinese Island. Kenilworth, UK: Brandram.Google Scholar
Darwin, J. (1997). Hong Kong in British decolonisation. In Brown, J. M. and Foot, R., eds., Hong Kong’s Transitions, 1842–1997. Basingstoke: Macmillan, pp. 1632.Google Scholar
Davis, M. C. (2020). Making Hong Kong China: The Rollback of Human Rights and the Rule of Law. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Asian Studies.Google Scholar
Dunch, R. (2001). Fuzhou Protestants and the Making of a Modern China 1857–1927. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Eitel, E. J. (1895). Europe in China: The History of Hong Kong from the Beginning to the Year 1882. Hong Kong: Kelly and Walsh.Google Scholar
Faure, D. (1997). Reflections on being Chinese in Hong Kong. In Brown, J. M. and Foot, R., eds., Hong Kong’s Transitions, 1842–1997. London: Macmillan, pp. 103120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Faure, D. (2003). Colonialism and the Hong Kong Mentality. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong.Google Scholar
Fletcher, J. (1978). The heyday of the Ch’ing order in Mongolia, Sinkiang and Tibet, In J. Fairbank, K., ed., The Cambridge History of China, vol. 10, Late Ch’ing, part 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 351408.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fok, K. C. (1990). Lectures on Hong Kong History: Hong Kong’s Role in Modern Chinese History. Hong Kong: Commercial Press.Google Scholar
Fong, B. C. H., and Lui, T.-L., eds. (2018). Hong Kong 20 Years after the Handover: Emerging Social and Institutional Fractures after 1997. Cham, CH: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Fung, C. M. (2005). Reluctant Heroes: Rickshaw Pullers in Hong Kong and Canton, 1874–1954. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Gerth, K. (2003). China Made: Consumer Culture and the Creation of the Nation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Asia Center.Google Scholar
Gerth, K. (2020). Unending Capitalism: How Consumerism Negated China’s Communist Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gillingham, P. (1983). At the Peak: Hong Kong between the Wars. Hong Kong: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Girardot, N. J. (2002). The Victorian Translation of China: James Legge’s Oriental Pilgrimage. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Gold, T. B. (1995). Go with your feelings: Hong Kong and Taiwan popular culture in Greater China. In Shambaugh, D., ed., Greater China: The Next Superpower. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 255273.Google Scholar
Goncharov, S., Lewis, J. W., and Xue, L.. (1993). Uncertain Partners: Stalin, Mao and the Korean War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goodstadt, L. F. (2018). Economic relations between the mainland and Hong Kong, an “irreplaceable financial center.” In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 Handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 186213.Google Scholar
Goodstadt, L. F. (2013). Poverty in the Midst of Affluence: How Hong Kong Mismanaged Its Prosperity. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Goodstadt, L. F. (2005). Uneasy Partners: The Conflict between Public Interest and Private Profit in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Grantham, A. (1957). Report on the Riots in Kowloon and Tsuen Wan October 10th to 12th, 1956. Hong Kong: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Grantham, A. (1965). Via Ports: From Hong Kong to Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Hamilton, P. E. (2020). Made in Hong Kong: Transpacific Networks and a New History of Globalization. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Hampton, M. (2016). Hong Kong and British Culture, 1945–97. Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Hase, P. H. (2008). The Six-Day War of 1899: Hong Kong in the Age of Imperialism. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayes, J. (2006). The Great Difference: Hong Kong’s New Territories and Its People, 1898–2004. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Hayes, J. (1984). Hong Kong Island before 1841. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 24, 104142.Google Scholar
Hoe, S. (1991). The Private Life of Old Hong Kong: Western Women in the British Colony. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hong Kong Labour Department. (1939). Report by the Labour Officer Mr. H. R. Butters on Labour and Labour Conditions in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Noronha.Google Scholar
Hughes, R. (1968). Hong Kong: Borrowed Place, Borrowed Time. London: André Deutsch.Google Scholar
Hung, H. (2010). Uncertainty in the enclave. New Left Review, 66, 5577.Google Scholar
Hung, H., and Ip, I.. (2012). Hong Kong’s democratic movement and the making of China’s offshore civil society. Asian Survey, 52(3), pp. 504527.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hung, H., and Kuo, H.. (2013). “One country, two systems” and its antagonists in Tibet and Taiwan. In Yep, R., ed., Negotiating Autonomy in Greater China: Hong Kong and Its Sovereignty before and after 1997. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 179206.Google Scholar
Ibrahim, Z., and Lam, J., eds. (2020). Rebel City: Hong Kong’s Year of Water and Fire. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.Google Scholar
Jones, C. A. G. (2015). Lost in China? Law, Culture and Identity in Post-1997 Hong Kong. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, C. A. G. (2018). A ruling idea of the time? The rule of law in pre- and post-1997. In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 Handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 112140.Google Scholar
Kowloon Disturbances 1966: Report of Commission of Inquiry. (1967). Hong Kong: Government Printer.Google Scholar
Kwan, C. N. (2020). “Putting down a common enemy”: Piracy and occasional interstate power in South China during the mid-nineteenth century. International Journal of Maritime History, 32(3), 697712.Google Scholar
Kwan, D. Y. K. (1997). Marxist Intellectuals and the Chinese Labor Movement: A Study of Deng Zhongxia (1894–1933). Seattle: University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Lam-Knott, S. (2018). Government and language in Hong Kong. In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 77111.Google Scholar
Lau, C. K. (1997). Hong Kong’s Colonial Legacy: A Hong Kong Chinese’s View of the British Heritage. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Lau, T. (2013). State formation and education in Hong Kong: Pro-Beijing schools and national education. Asian Survey, 53(4), 728753.Google Scholar
Law, W. S. (2018). Reunification discourse and Chinese nationalisms. In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 236258.Google Scholar
Lee, C. K. (2019). Take back our future: An eventful sociology of the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement. In Lee, C. K. and Sing, M., eds., Take Back Our Future: An Eventful Sociology of the Hong Kong Umbrella Movement. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, pp. 133.Google Scholar
Lee, F. L. F., and Chan, J. M.. (2018). Media and Protest Logics in the Digital Era: The Umbrella Movement in Hong Kong. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, L. O. (2008). City between Worlds: My Hong Kong. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Leeming, F. (1975). The earlier industrialization of Hong Kong. Modern Asian Studies, 9(3), 337342.Google Scholar
Leeming, F. (1977). Street Studies in Hong Kong: Localities in a Chinese City. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Leow, R. (2012). “Do you own non-Chinese mui tsai?” Reexamining race and female servitude in Malaya and Hong Kong, 1919–1939. Modern Asian Studies, 46(6), 17361763.Google Scholar
Lethbridge, H. J. (1971). A Chinese association in Hong Kong: The Tung Wah. Contributions to Asian Studies, 1, 144158.Google Scholar
Lethbridge, H. J. (1978). The evolution of a Chinese voluntary association in Hong Kong: The Po Leung Kuk. In, H. J. Lethbridge, Hong Kong: Stability and Change; A Collection of Essays. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, pp. 71103.Google Scholar
Lo, S. S. (2008). The Dynamics of Beijing–Hong Kong Relations: A Model for Taiwan? Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Lo, S. S. (2020). Hong Kong in 2020: National security law and truncated autonomy. Asian Survey, 61(1), 3442.Google Scholar
Lo, S. S. (2007). The mainlandization and recolonization of Hong Kong: A triumph of convergence over divergence with mainland China. In Cheng, J. Y. S., ed., The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region in Its First Decade. Hong Kong: City University of Hong Kong Press, pp. 179231.Google Scholar
Loh, C. (2004). Lessons learned. In Loh, C. and Exchange, Civic, eds., At the Epicentre: Hong Kong and the SARS Outbreak. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp. 235250.Google Scholar
Loh, C. (2010). Underground Front: The Chinese Communist Party in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lu, Y. (2019). Crossed Paths: Labor Activism and Colonial Governance in Hong Kong, 1938–1958. Ithaca, NY: Cornell East Asia Program, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Lu, Y. (2014). In the wake of political intervention: British Hong Kong and the Lingnan macroregion. Frontiers of History in China, 9(3), 449471.Google Scholar
Luk, B. H. (1991). Chinese culture in the Hong Kong curriculum: Heritage and colonialism. Comparative Education Review, 35(4), 650668.Google Scholar
Luk, G. C. (2022). Accommodating foreigners in a littoral borderland: The lower Pearl River Delta during the Opium War. Modern China, 48(1), 197–228.Google Scholar
Luk, G. C. (2018). Straddling the handover: Colonialism and decolonization in British and PRC Hong Kong. In Luk, G. C., ed., From a British to a Chinese Colony? Hong Kong before and after the 1997 Handover. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California Berkeley, pp. 149.Google Scholar
Ma, N. (2007). Political Development in Hong Kong: State, Political Society, and Civil Society. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Madokoro, L. (2012). Borders transformed: Sovereign concerns, population movements and the making of territorial frontiers in Hong Kong, 1949–1967. Journal of Refugee Studies, 25(3), 407427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, C. (2017). The Everyday Cold War: Britain and China, 1952–1972. London: Bloomsbury Academic.Google Scholar
Mark, C. (2004). Hong Kong and the Cold War: Anglo–American Relations, 1949–1957. Oxford: Clarendon Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mark, C. (2007). The “problem of people”: British colonials, Cold War powers, and the Chinese refugees in Hong Kong, 1949–62. Modern Asian Studies, 41(6), pp. 11451181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, G. (1997). Heunggongyahn: On the past, present, and future of Hong Kong identity. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 29(3), 313.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathews, G., Lui, T.-L., and Ma, E. K.. (2008). Hong Kong, China: Learning to Belong to a Nation. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Mei, J. (1979). Socioeconomic origins of emigration: Guangdong to California, 1850–1882. Modern China, 5(4), 463501.Google Scholar
Meyer, D. R. (2000). Hong Kong as a Global Metropolis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Miners, N. J. (2006). Building the Kowloon–Canton–Hankow Railway. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 46, 524.Google Scholar
Miners, N. J. (1987). Hong Kong under Imperial Rule, 1912–1941. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Munn, C. (2001). Anglo-China: Chinese People and British Rule in Hong Kong, 1841–1880. Richmond: Curzon.Google Scholar
Munn, C. (1997). The Chusan episode: Britain’s occupation of a Chinese island, 1840–46. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 25(1), 82112.Google Scholar
Munn, C. (2000). The Hong Kong opium revenue, 1845–1885. In Brook, T. and Wakabayashi, B. T., eds., Opium Regimes: China, Britain, and Japan, 1839–1952. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 105126.Google Scholar
Ng, P. Y. C., and Baker, H. D. R. (1983). New Peace County: A Chinese Gazetteer of the Hong Kong Region. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Ng Lun, N. (1984). Interactions of East and West: Development of Public Education in Early Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.Google Scholar
Ngo, T. (1999). Industrial history and the artifice of laissez-faire colonialism. In Ngo, T., ed., Hong Kong’s History: State and Society under Colonial Rule. London: Routledge, pp. 119140.Google Scholar
Peckham, R. (2016). Epidemics in Modern Asia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Pedersen, S. (2001). The maternalist moment in British colonial policy: The controversy over “child slavery” in Hong Kong 1917–1941. Past and Present, 171, 161202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pepper, S. (1997). Hong Kong, 1997: East vs. West and the struggle for democratic reform within the Chinese state. Asian Survey, 37(8),683704.Google Scholar
Pepper, S. (2008). Keeping Democracy at Bay: Hong Kong and the Challenge of Chinese Political Reform. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Peterson, G. (2006). To be or not to be a refugee: The international politics of the Hong Kong refugee crisis, 1949–55. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 36(2), 171195.Google Scholar
Platt, S. R. (2012). Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War. New York: Vintage.Google Scholar
Pomerantz-Zhang, L. (1992). Wu Tingfang (1842–1922): Reform and Modernization in Modern Chinese History. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Pomfret, D. M. (2008). “Child slavery” in British and French Far-Eastern colonies 1880–1945. Past and Present, 201, 175213.Google Scholar
Sanchez-Sibony, O. (2014). Red Globalization: The Political Economy of the Soviet Cold War from Stalin to Khrushchev. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schenk, C. R. (2001). Hong Kong as an International Financial Centre: Emergence and Development 1945–65. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Scott, I. (1995). Political transformation in Hong Kong: From colony to colony. In Kwok, R. Y-W. and So, A. Y., eds., The Hong Kong–Guangdong Link: Partnership in Flux. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 189223.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (1994). Chinese patriarchy and the protection of women in 19th-century Hong Kong. In Jaschok, M. and Miers, S., eds., Women and Chinese Patriarchy: Submission, Servitude, and Escape. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp. 141170.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (1998). Fugitive in paradise: Wang Tao and cultural transformation in late nineteenth century Hong Kong. Late Imperial China, 19(1),5681.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (1994). Growing with Hong Kong: The Bank of East Asia, 1919–1994. Hong Kong: Bank of East Asia.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (2011). Hong Kong as an in-between place in the Chinese diaspora, 1849–1939. In Gabaccia, D. R. and Hoerder, D., eds., Connecting Seas and Connected Ocean Rims: Indian, Atlantic, and Pacific Oceans and China Seas Migrations from the 1830s to the 1930s. Leiden: Brill, pp. 225247.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (2013). Pacific Crossing: California Gold, Chinese Migration, and the Making of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Sinn, E. (1989). Power and Charity: The Early History of the Tung Wah Hospital, Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smart, A. (2006). The Shek Kip Mei Myth: Squatters, Fires and Colonial Rule in Hong Kong, 1950–1963. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, C. T. (1985). Chinese Christians: Elites, Middlemen, and the Church in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, C. T. (1981). The Chinese Church, labour and elites and the mui tsai question in the 1920s. Journal of the Hong Kong Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 21, 91113.Google Scholar
Snow, P. (2003). The Fall of Hong Kong: Britain, China, and the Japanese Occupation. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
So, A. Y. (1999). Hong Kong’s Embattled Democracy: A Societal Analysis. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.Google Scholar
Sung, Y. (1991). The China–Hong Kong Connection: The Key to China’s Open-Door Policy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tang, J. T. H. (1992). Britain’s Encounter with Revolutionary China. London: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Ting, J. S. P. (1990). Native Chinese peace officers in British Hong Kong, 1841–1861. In Sinn, E., ed., Between East and West: Aspects of Social and Political Development in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong, pp. 147158.Google Scholar
Tsai, J. Hong Kong in Chinese History: Community and Social Unrest in the British Colony, 1842–1913. New York: Columbia University Press, 1993.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (2006). The Cold War’s Odd Couple: The Unintended Partnership between the Republic of China and the UK, 1950–1958. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (1988). Democracy Shelved: Great Britain, China, and Attempts at Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong, 1945–1952. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (1997a). Hong Kong: An Appointment with China. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (2004). A Modern History of Hong Kong. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (1997b). Strategy for survival: The Cold War and Hong Kong’s policy towards Kuomintang and Chinese Communist activities in the 1950s. Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth Studies, 25(2), pp. 294317.Google Scholar
Tsang, S. (1994). Target Zhou Enlai: The “Kashmir Princess” incident of 1955. China Quarterly, 139, 766782.Google Scholar
Tucker, N. B. (1994). Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States, 1949–1992. New York: Twayne.Google Scholar
Veg, S. (2015). Legalistic and Utopian: Hong Kong’s Umbrella Movement. New Left Review, 92, 5573.Google Scholar
Veg, S. (2017). The rise of “localism” and civic identity in post-handover Hong Kong: Questioning the Chinese nation-state. China Quarterly, 230, 323347.Google Scholar
Vickers, E. (2003). In Search of an Identity: The Politics of History as a School Subject in Hong Kong, 1960s–2002. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Vukovich, D. A. (2020). City and a SAR on fire: As if everything and nothing changes. Critical Asian Studies, 52(1),117.Google Scholar
Wasserstrom, J. (2020). Vigil: Hong Kong on the Brink. With contributions by Amy Hawkins. New York: Columbia Global Reports.Google Scholar
Watson, J. L. (1983). Rural society: Hong Kong’s New Territories. China Quarterly, 95, 480490.Google Scholar
White, B. ed. (1996). Hong Kong: Somewhere between Heaven and Earth. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Whitfield, A. J. (2001). Hong Kong, Empire and the Anglo–American Alliance at War, 1941–1945. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, M. (2004). Hong Kong and the Pearl River Delta Qiaoxiang. Modern Asian Studies, 38(2), 257282.Google Scholar
Wong, J. D. (2017). Between two episodes of social unrest below Lion Rock: From the 1967 riots to the 2014 Umbrella Movement. In Ng, M. H. K. and Wong, J. D., eds., Civil Unrest and Governance in Hong Kong: Law and Order from Historical and Cultural Perspectives. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Wong, S. (1999). Deciding to stay, deciding to move, deciding not to decide. In Hamilton, G. G., ed., Cosmopolitan Capitalists: Hong Kong and the Chinese Diaspora at the End of the Twentieth Century. Seattle: University of Washington Press, pp. 1351.Google Scholar
Wong, S. (1988). Emigrant Entrepreneurs: Shanghai Industrialists in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Wong, W. (2003). Negotiating gender identity: Postcolonialism and Hong Kong Christian women. In Lee, E. W. Y., ed., Gender and Change in Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, pp. 151176.Google Scholar
Wu, H. (1997). The Hong Kong Clock: Public time-telling and political time/space. Public Culture, 9(3), 329354.Google Scholar
Yahuda, M. (1996). Hong Kong: China’s Challenge. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Yahuda, M. (1997). Hong Kong: A new beginning for China? In Brown, J. M. and Foot, R., eds., Hong Kong’s Transitions, 1842–1997. London: Macmillan, pp. 192210.Google Scholar
Yep, R. (2013). Understanding the autonomy of Hong Kong: Looking beyond formal institutions. In Yep, R., ed., Negotiating Autonomy in Greater China: Hong Kong and Its Sovereign before and after 1997. Copenhagen: Nordic Institute of Asian Studies, pp. 325.Google Scholar
Yew, C. P., and Kwong, K.. (2014). Hong Kong identity on the rise. Asian Survey, 54(6), 1088–1012.Google Scholar
Yuen, K. (2004). Theorizing the Chinese: The mui tsai controversy and constructions of transnational Chineseness in Hong Kong and British Malaya. New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies, 6(2), 95110.Google Scholar
Yuen, S. (2015). Hong Kong after the Umbrella Movement: An uncertain future for “one country two systems.China Perspectives, 2015(1), 4953.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

The Hong Kong-China Nexus
  • John M Carroll, The University of Hong Kong
  • Online ISBN: 9781108893275
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

The Hong Kong-China Nexus
  • John M Carroll, The University of Hong Kong
  • Online ISBN: 9781108893275
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

The Hong Kong-China Nexus
  • John M Carroll, The University of Hong Kong
  • Online ISBN: 9781108893275
Available formats
×