Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T13:05:51.415Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Critical Race Theory

Exploring Its Application to Public Administration

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2022

Norma M. Riccucci
Affiliation:
Rutgers University, Newark

Summary

This Element explores Critical Race Theory (CRT) and its potential application to the field of public administration. It proposes specific areas within the field where a CRT framework would help to uncover and rectify structural and institutional racism. This is paramount given the high priority that the field places on social equity, the third pillar of public administration. If there is a desire to achieve social equity and justice, systematic, structural racism needs to be addressed and confronted directly. The Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement is one example of the urgency and significance of applying theories from a variety of disciplines to the study of racism in public administration.
Get access
Type
Element
Information
Online ISBN: 9781009122986
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication: 17 March 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adams, Char. 2021. How Trump Ignited the Fight Over Critical Race Theory in Schools. May 10. www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/how-trump-ignited-fight-over-critical-race-theory-schools-n1266701, accessed June 15, 2021.Google Scholar
Alexander, Jennifer. 1997. Avoiding the Issue: Racism and Administrative Responsibility in Public Administration. American Review of Public Administration, 27(4): 343361.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Jennifer and Stivers, Camilla. 2020. Racial Bias: A Buried Cornerstone of the Administrative State. Administration & Society, 52(10): 14701490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Jennifer and Stivers, Camilla. 2010. An Ethic of Race for Public Administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 32(4): 578597.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baca, Alex, McAnaney, Patrick and Schuetz, Jenny. 2019. “Gentle” Density Can Save Our Neighborhoods. December 4. www.brookings.edu/research/gentle-density-can-save-our-neighborhoods/, accessed June 21, 2021.Google Scholar
Baldwin, James. 1961. Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son. New York: Dial Press.Google Scholar
Banks, James A. 1995. The Historical Reconstruction of Knowledge about Race: Implications for Transformative Teaching. Educational Researcher, 24(2): 1525.Google Scholar
Barden, Jamie, Maddux, William W., Petty, Richard E. and Brewer, Marilynn B.. 2004. Contextual Moderation of Racial Bias: The Impact of Social Roles on Controlled and Automatically Activated Attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(1): 522.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Basford, Tessa E., Offermann, Lynn R. and Behrend, Tara S.. 2014. Do You See What I See? Perceptions of Gender Microaggressions in the Workplace. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38(3): 340349.Google Scholar
Bearfield, Domonic A. 2020. Invited Essay. Management Matters, 18(2): 3. The Public Management Research Association Newsletter, http://pmranet.org/wp-content/uploads/Management-Matters-V-18-2.pdf, accessed January 18, 2021.Google Scholar
Bearfield, Domonic A. 2009. Equity at the Intersection: Public Administration and the Study of Gender. Public Administration Review, 69(3): 383386.Google Scholar
Bearfield, Domonic A., Humphrey, Nicole and Portillo, Shannon. 2021. The Myth of Representation: Identity and Workplace Expectations in Public Administration. In, Bearfield, Domonic A., Humphrey, Nicole & Portillo, Shannon (eds.), The Myth of Bureaucratic Neutrality: An Examination of Merit and Representation (New York: Routledge), forthcoming.Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick. 2000. Affirmative Action: Another Instance of Racial Workings in the United States. The Journal of Negro Education, 69(1/2): 145149.Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick A. Jr. 1995. Who’s Afraid of Critical Race Theory? University of Illinois Law Review, 4: 893910.Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick A. Jr. 1992. Faces at the Bottom of the Well: The Permanence of Racism. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick. 1989. Xerces and the Affirmative Action Mystique. George Washington Law Review, 57: 15951613.Google Scholar
Bell, Derrick. 1987. And We Are Not Saved: The Elusive Quest for Racial Justice. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Benz, Terressa A. 2019. Toxic Cities: Neoliberalism and Environmental Racism in Flint and Detroit Michigan. Critical Sociology, 45(1): 4962.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertelli, Anthony M. and Riccucci, Norma M.. 2020. What Is Behavioral Public Administration Good for? Public Administration Review, early view, http://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blessett, Brandi. 2020. Urban Renewal and “Ghetto” Development in Baltimore: Two Sides of the Same Coin. American Review of Public Administration, 50(8): 838850.Google Scholar
Bliss, Catherine. 2012. Race Decoded: The Genomic Fight for Social Justice. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2015. More than Prejudice: Restatement, Reflections, and New Directions in Critical Race Theory. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 1(1): 7387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2014. Racism without Racists: Colorblind Racism and the Persistence of Racial Inequality in America, 4th ed. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Brown v. Board of Education, 347 U.S. 483 (1954).Google Scholar
Brown, Dorothy A. 2003. Critical Race Theory: Cases, Materials, and Problems. Berkeley, CA: West Academic.Google Scholar
Brunson, Rod K. 2007. “Police Don’t Like Black People:” African-American Young Men’s Accumulated Police Experiences. Criminology & Public Policy, 6(1): 71101.Google Scholar
Buchanan v. Warley, 245 U.S. 60 (1917).Google Scholar
Campbell, Jacquelyn. C. and Bunting, Sheila. 1991. Voices and Paradigms: Perspectives on Critical and Feminist Theory in Nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 13(3): 115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carbado, Devon W. and Roithmayr, Daria. 2014. Critical Race Theory Meets Social Science. Annual Review of Law and Social Science, 10: 149167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, Brittany D., Erausquin, Jennifer Toller, Tanner, Amanda E., Nichols, Tracy R. and Brown-Jeffy, Shelly. 2018. Testing the Association between Traditional and Novel Indicators of County-Level Structural Racism and Birth Outcomes among Black and White Women. Journal Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 5(1): 966977.Google Scholar
Chapman, Rachel R. and Berggren, Jean R.. 2005. Radical Contextualization: Contributions to an Anthropology of Racial/Ethnic Health Disparities. Health, 9(2): 145167.Google Scholar
Chow, Denise. 2020. Why “I Can’t Breathe” is Resonating with Environmental Activists. June 10. www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/why-i-can-t-breathe-resonating-environmental-justice-activists-n1228561, accessed January 21, 2021.Google Scholar
Christian, Michelle, Seamster, Louise and Ray, Victor. 2019a. New Directions in Critical Race Theory and Sociology: Racism, White Supremacy, and Resistance. American Behavioral Scientist, 63(13): 17311740.Google Scholar
Christian, Michelle, Seamster, Louise and Ray, Victor. 2019b. Critical Race Theory and Empirical Sociology. American Behavioral Scientist: 18.Google Scholar
Correll, Joshua, Park, Bernadette, Judd, Charles M., Wittenbrink, Bernd, Sadler, Melody S. and Keesee, Tracie. 2007. Across the Thin Blue Line: Police Officers and Racial Bias in the Decision to Shoot. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6): 10061023.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Covarrubias, Alejandro, Nava, Pedro E., Lara, Argelia, Burciaga, Rebeca, Vélez, Verónica N. and Solórzano, Daniel G.. 2018. Critical Race Quantitative Intersections: A Testimonio Analysis. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2): 253273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Covarrubias, Alejandro and Vélez, Verónica. 2013. Critical Race Quantitative Intersectionality. In Marvin Lynn and Adrienne D. Dixson (eds.), Handbook of Critical Race Theory in Education. New York: Routledge, pp. 270285.Google Scholar
Coyle, Michael. 2010. Notes on the Study of Language: Towards Critical Race Criminology. Western Criminology Review, 11(1): 1119.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé. 1996. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé W. 1988. Race, Reform, and Retrenchment: Transformation and Legitimation in Anti-discrimination Law. Harvard Law Review, 101: 13311387.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crenshaw, Kimberlé, Gotanda, Neil, Peller, Garry and Thomas, Kendall (eds.). 1995. Critical Race Theory: The Key Writings that Formed the Movement. New York: New Press.Google Scholar
Cross, Rebekah Israel. 2018. Can Critical Race Theory Enhance the Field of Public Health? A Student’s Perspective. Ethnicity and Disease, 28(Suppl1): 267270. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092171/, accessed December 18, 2020.Google Scholar
Cunneen, Chris and Tauri, Juan Marcellus. 2019. Indigenous Peoples, Criminology, and Criminal Justice. Annual Review of Criminology, 2(1): 359381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
D’Agostino, Maria J. and Levine, Helisse (eds.). 2011. Women in Public Administration: Theory and Practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.Google Scholar
Darling-Hammond, Linda. 2007. Race, Inequality and Educational Accountability: The Irony of No Child Left Behind. Race Ethnicity and Education, 10(3): 245260.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, Nilanjana and Greenwald, Anthony G.. 2001. On the Malleability of Automatic Attitudes: Combating Automatic Prejudice with Images of Admired and Disliked Individuals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5): 800814.Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard. 1995. Rodrigo Chronicles: Conversations about Race in America. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean. 2017. Critical Race Theory: An Introduction, 3rd ed. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean. 2000. Critical Race Theory: The Cutting Edge. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean. 1993. Critical Race Theory: A Bibliography. Virginia Law Review, 79(2): 461516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dickinson, Elizabeth. 2012. Addressing Environmental Racism through Storytelling: Toward an Environmental Justice Narrative Framework. Communication, Culture and Critique, 5(1): 5774.Google Scholar
Douglass, Patrice, Terrefe, Selamawit D. and Wilderson, Frank B.. 2018. Afro-Pessimism. Oxford Bibliographies, August 28. www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780190280024/obo-9780190280024-0056.xml, accessed January 27, 2021.Google Scholar
Du Bois, W. E. B. (2007). The Philadelphia Negro: A Social Study. New York : Oxford University Press. (Originally published by the University of Pennsylvania Press in 1899).Google Scholar
Ferber, Abby. 2007. The Construction of Black Masculinity: White Supremacy Now and Then. Journal of Sport & Social Issues, 31(1):1124.Google Scholar
Ford, Chandra L. and Airhihenbuwa, Collins O.. 2010. The Public Health Critical Race Methodology: Praxis for Antiracism Research. Social Science & Medicine, 71(8): 13901398.Google Scholar
Frederickson, H. George. 1971. Toward a New Public Administration. In Marini, Frank (ed.), Toward a New Public Administration: The Minnowbrook Perspective. Scranton, PA: Chandler, pp. 309331.Google Scholar
Frederickson, H. George. 1974. Social Equity and Public Administration. Public Administration Review, 34(1): 12.Google Scholar
Frederickson, H. George. 1980. New Public Administration. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press.Google Scholar
Frederickson, H. George. 1990. Public administration and Social Equity. Public Administration Review, 50(2): 228237.Google Scholar
Garcia, Nichole M., López, Nancy and Vélez, Verónica N. 2017. QuantCrit: Rectifying Quantitative Methods Through Critical Race Theory. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2): 149157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García, Jennifer Jee-Lyn, and Sharif, Mienah Zulfacar. 2015. Black Lives Matter: A Commentary on Racism and Public Health. American Journal of Public Health, 105(8): e27e30.Google Scholar
Gerido, Lynette Hammond. 2020. Racial Disparities in Breast Cancer and Genomic Uncertainty: A QuantCrit Mini-Review. Open Information Science, 4(1): 3957.Google Scholar
Gilbert, K. L., and Ray, R. 2016. Why Police Kill Black Males with Impunity. Journal of Urban Health, 93(S1): 122140.Google Scholar
Gillborn, David, Warmington, Paul and Demack, Sean. 2018. QuantCrit: Education, Policy, ‘Big Data’ and Principles for a Critical Race Theory of Statistics. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2): 158179.Google Scholar
Gooden, Susan T. Race and Social Equity: A Nervous Area of Government. NY: Routledge, 2014.Google Scholar
Greenberg, David F. 2014. Studying New York City’s Crime Decline: Methodological Issues. Justice Quarterly 31(1): 154188.Google Scholar
Groos, Maya, Wallace, Maeve, Hardeman, Rachel and Theall, Katherine. 2018. Measuring Inequity: A Systematic Review of Methods Used to Quantify Structural Racism. Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice, 11(2): 190206.Google Scholar
Hamilton, Charles. 1973. Full Employment as a Viable Issue. In, Brimmer, Andrew F. (ed.), When the Marching Stopped: An Analysis of Black Issues in the 70s. New York: The National Urban League, 8791.Google Scholar
Hamilton, James T. 1995. Testing for Environmental Racism: Prejudice, Profits, Political Power? Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 14(1): 107132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanna, Alex, Denton, Emily, Smart, Andrew and Smith-Loud, Jamila. 2020. Towards a Critical Race Methodology in Algorithmic Fairness. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency. January 2020: 501512.Google Scholar
Harris, David A. 2002. Profiles in Injustice: Why Racial Profiling Cannot Work. New York : New Press.Google Scholar
Headley, Andrea M. and Wright, James E. II. 2020. Is Representation Enough? Racial Disparities in Levels of Force and Arrests by Police. Public Administration Review, 80(6): 10511062.Google Scholar
Hesse-Biber, Sharlene Nagy (ed). 2014. Feminist Research Practice: A Primer. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage, .CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heynen, Nikolas C. 2003. The Scalar Production of Injustice Within the Urban Forest. Antipode, 35(5): 980998.Google Scholar
Heynen, Nikolas C., Perkins, Harold A. and Roy, Parama. 2006. The Political Ecology of Uneven Urban Green Space: The Impact of Political Economy on Race and Ethnicity in Producing Environmental Inequality in Milwaukee. Urban Affairs Review, 42(1): 325.Google Scholar
Hicken, Margaret T., Kravitz-Wirtz, Nicole, Durkee, Myles, and Jackson, James S.. 2018. Racial inequalities in health: Framing future research. Social Science & Medicine, 199: 1118.Google Scholar
Hochschild, Jennifer L. 2005. Race and Class in Political Science. Michigan Journal of Race and Law, 11(1) : 99114.Google Scholar
Hogarth, R. A. 2017. Medicalizing Blackness: Making Racial Difference in the Atlantic World, 1780-1840. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press.Google Scholar
Holifield, Ryan. 2009. Actor‐Network Theory as a Critical Approach to Environmental Justice: A Case against Synthesis with Urban Political Ecology. Antipode, 41(4): 637658.Google Scholar
Holland, Paul W. 1986. Statistics and Causal Inference. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 81(396): 945970.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
hooks, bell. 2000. Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
hooks, bell. 1995. Killing Rage: Ending Racism. New York: Henry Holt and Company.Google Scholar
hooks, bell. 1981. Ain’t I a Woman: Black Women and Feminism. Cambridge, MA: South End Press.Google Scholar
Huang, Hong, Apouey, Bénédicte and Andrews, James E.. 2014. Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Awareness of Cancer Genetic Testing Among Online Users: Internet Use, Health Knowledge, and Socio-Demographic Correlates. Journal of Consumer Health on the Internet, 18(1),1530.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, Janet R. 2002. En-Gendering Democracy. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 24(4): 721738.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, Janet. 2001. Multigendering PA: Anti-administration, Anti-blues. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 23(4): 589604.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, Janet R. and Mann, Hollie S. 2004. Feminist Praxis: Administering for a Multicultural, Multigendered. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 26(1): 7995.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hutchinson, Janet R. and Mann, Hollie S. 2006. Gender Anarchy and the Future of Feminism in Public Administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 28(3): 399417.Google Scholar
Hutchison, Harry G. 2008. Moving Forward? Diversity as a Paradox? A Critical Race View. Catholic University Law Review, 57(4): 10591098.Google Scholar
Iverson, Susan VanDeventer. 2007. Camouflaging Power and Privilege: A Critical Race Analysis of University Diversity Policies. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(5): 586611.Google Scholar
Johnson, Richard. 2017. Hamilton’s Deracialization: Barack Obama’s Racial Politics in Context. Du Bois Review, 14(2): 621638.Google Scholar
Jones, Camara Phyllis. 2002. Confronting Institutionalized Racism. Phylon, 50(1/2): 722.Google Scholar
Jones, D. Marvin. 1998. ‘We’re All Stuck Here for a While:’ Law and the Social Construction of the Black Male, 24 Journal of Contemporary Law 35. https://repository.law.miami.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1362&context=fac_articles, accessed January 19, 2021.Google Scholar
Jones, T., McCarthy, A. M., Kim, Y., and Armstrong, K. 2017. Predictors of BRCA1/2 Genetic Testing among Black Women with Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study. Cancer Medicine, 6(7): 17871798.Google Scholar
Kahlenberg, Richard D. 2021. Tearing Down the Walls: How the Biden Administration and Congress Can Reduce Exclusionary Zoning. April 18. https://production-tcf.imgix.net/app/uploads/2021/04/20160945/Tearing-Down-the-Walls_-How-the-Biden-Administration-and-Congress-Can-Reduce-Exclusionary-Zoning_.pdf, accessed June 21, 2021.Google Scholar
Kang, Jerry, et.al. 2012. Implicit Bias in the Courtroom. UCLA Law Review. 59(5): 1124–86.Google Scholar
Krakow, M., Ratcliff, C. L., Hesse, B. W., and Greenberg-Worisek, A. J. 2017. Assessing Genetic Literacy Awareness and Knowledge Gaps in the US population: Results from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Public Health Genomics, 20(6): 343348.Google Scholar
Krieger, Nancy. 2012. Methods for the Scientific Study of Discrimination and Health: An Ecosocial Approach. American Journal Public Health, 102(5): 936944.Google Scholar
Krieger, Nancy. 1999. Embodying Inequality: A Review of Concepts, Measures, and Methods for Studying Health Consequences of Discrimination. International Journal of Health Services, 29(2): 295352.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kurtz, Hilda E. 2009. Acknowledging the Racial State: An Agenda for Environmental Justice Research. Antipode, 41(4): 684704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kushalnagar, P., Holcomb, J., and Sadler, G. R. (2019). Genetic Testing and eHealth Usage Among Deaf Women. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 28(5): 933939.Google Scholar
Ladson-Billings, Gloria J. 1999. Preparing Teachers for Diverse Student Populations: A Critical Race Theory Perspective. Review of Research in Education, 24(1999): 211247.Google Scholar
Leahy, Ian and Serkez, Yaryna. 2021. Since When Have Trees Existed Only for Rich Americans? New York Times, June 30. www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/06/30/opinion/environmental-inequity-trees-critical-infrastructure.html, accessed July 1, 2021.Google Scholar
Lee, Hugh, Learmonth, Mark and Harding, Nancy. 2008. Queer(Y)Ing Public Administration. Public Administration, 86(1): 149167.Google Scholar
Lehr, Dick. 2015. The Racist Legacy of Woodrow Wilson. The Atlantic, November 27. www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/11/wilson-legacy-racism/417549/, accessed February 8, 2021.Google Scholar
Liu, Helena. 2017. Undoing Whiteness: The Dao of Anti-racist Diversity Practice. Gender, Work and Organization, 24(5): 457471.Google Scholar
López, Gerardo R. 2001. Re-Visiting White Racism in Educational Research: Critical Race Theory and the Problem of Method. Educational Researcher, 30(1): 2933.Google Scholar
López, Nancy, Erwin, Christopher, Binder, Melissa and Chavez, Mario Javier. 2018. Making the Invisible Visible: Advancing Quantitative Methods in Higher Education Using Critical Race Theory and Intersectionality. Race Ethnicity and Education, 21(2): 180207.Google Scholar
Lowery, B. S., Hardin, C. D., and Sinclair, S. 2001. Social Influence Effects on Automatic Racial Prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5): 842855.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lukachko, Alicia, Hatzenbuehler, Mark L and Keyes, Katherine M. 2014. Structural racism and Myocardial Infarction in the United States. Social Science & Medicine, 103: 4250.Google Scholar
Lutton, Larry S. 2010. Qualitative Research Approaches for Public Administration. NY: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Lynn, Marvin and Parker, Laurence. 2006. Critical Race Studies in Education: Examining a Decade of Research on U.S. Schools. The Urban Review, 38(4): 257290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manglitz, Elaine, Guy, Talmadge C. and Merriweather Hunn, Lisa R.. 2006. Using Counter Narratives to Construct a Aialogue on Race, Positionality, and Authority: A Research Tool. Paper presented at the annual Standing Conference on University Teaching and Research in the Education of Adults (SCUTREA), July 4–6, Trinity and All Saints College, Leeds, UK, www.leeds.ac.uk/educol/documents/155304.htm, accessed December 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Martin, Joanne. 2003. Feminist Theory and Critical Theory: Unexplored Synergies. In Alvesson, Mats and Willmott, Hugh (eds.), Studying Management Critically. London: Sage Publications, pp. 6691.Google Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. and Denton, Nancy A.. 1988. The Dimensions of Residential Segregation. Social Forces, 67(2): 281315.Google Scholar
Matsuda, Mari J., Lawrence, Charles R. III, Delgado, Richard, Crenshaw, Kimberlé Williams. 1993. Words That Wound: Critical Race Theory, Assaultive Speech, and the First Amendment. New York: Taylor and Francis.Google Scholar
Matsuda Mari, J. 1991. Beside My Sister, Facing the Enemy: Legal Theory Out of Coalition. Stanford Law Review, 43(6): 11831192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matsuda, Mari J. 1987. Looking To The Bottom: Critical Legal Studies and Reparations. Harvard Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review, 22(2): 323399.Google Scholar
Matthews, Peter and Chris, Chris Poyner. 2020. Achieving Equality in Progressive Contexts: Queer(Y)Ing Public Administration. Public Administration Quarterly, 44 (4), pp. 545577.Google Scholar
McClain, Paula D., Ayee, Gloria Y. A., Means, Taneisha N., Reyes-Barriéntez, Alicia M. and Sediqe, Nura A.. 2016. Race, power, and knowledge: tracing the roots of exclusion in the development of political science in the United States. Politics, Groups, and Identities, 4(3): 467482.Google Scholar
McGregor, Alecia. 2016. Politics, Police Accountability, and Public Health: Civilian Review in Newark, New Jersey. Journal of Urban Health, 93(Suppl 1): 141153.Google Scholar
Merritt, Cullen C. 2020. Invited Essay. Management Matters, 18(2), 4. The Public Management Research Association Newsletter, http://pmranet.org/wp-content/uploads/Management-Matters-V-18-2.pdf, accessed January 18, 2021.Google Scholar
Mohai, Paul and Bryant, Bunyan. 1992. Environmental Racism: Reviewing the Evidence. In Bryant, and Mohai, (eds), Race and the Incidence of Environmental Hazards: A Time for Discourse. Boulder, CO: Westview, 163176.Google Scholar
Mohai, Paul, Pellow, David and Roberts, J. Timmons. 2009. Environmental Justice. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34(1): 405430.Google Scholar
Moore, Sharon E., Robinson, Michael A., Clayton, Dewey M., Adedoyin, A. Christson, Boamah, Daniel A., Kyere, Eric, and Harmon, Dana K.. 2018. A Critical Race Perspective of Police Shooting of Unharmed Black Males in the United States: Implications for Social Work. Urban Social Work, 2(1): 3347.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Naylor, Lorenda A., Wyatt-Nichol, Heather and Brown, Samuel L.. 2015. Inequality: Underrepresentation of African American Males in U. S. Higher Education. Journal of Public Affairs Education, 21(4): 523538.Google Scholar
Neitzel, Jennifer. 2018. Research to practice: understanding the role of implicit bias in early childhood disciplinary practices. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 39(3): 232242.Google Scholar
Nowak, David J., Hirabayashi, Satoshi, Bodine, Allison, Greenfield, Eric. 2014. Tree and forest effects on air quality and human health in the United States. Environmental Pollution, 193: 119129.Google Scholar
Oakley, Ann (1998). Science, Gender, and Women’s Liberation: An Argument Against Postmodernism. Women’s Studies International Forum, 21(2):133146.Google Scholar
Omi, Michael and Winant, Howard. 2015. 3rd ed. Racial Formation in the United States. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Pager, Devah. 2007. Marked: Race, Crime, and Finding Work in an Era of Mass Incarceration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Parker, Laurence. 1998. ‘Race Is Race Ain’t’: An Exploration of the Utility of Critical Race Theory in Qualitative Research in Education. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(1): 4355.Google Scholar
Parker, Laurence, Deyhle, Donna and Villenas, Sofia (eds.). 2019. Race Is … Race Isn’t: Critical Race Theory And Qualitative Studies in Education. NY: Routledge, first edition published in 1999.Google Scholar
Pauli, Benjamin J. 2019. Flint Fights Back: Environmental Justice and Democracy in the Flint Water Crisis. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Pendall, Rolf. 2000. Local Land-Use Regulation and the Chain of Exclusion. Journal of the American Planning Association, 66(2): 125142.Google Scholar
Center, Pew Research. 2019. Smartphones help blacks, Hispanics bridge some – but not all – digital gaps with whites. August 20. www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/08/20/smartphones-help-blacks-hispanics-bridge-some-but-not-all-digital-gaps-with-whites/, accessed February 2, 2021.Google Scholar
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896).Google Scholar
Portillo, Shannon. 2020. Invited Essay. Management Matters, 18(2), 4. The Public Management Research Association Newsletter, http://pmranet.org/wp-content/uploads/Management-Matters-V-18-2.pdf, accessed January 18, 2021.Google Scholar
Portillo, Shannon, Bearfield, Domonic and Humphrey, Nicole. 2020. The Myth of Bureaucratic Neutrality: Institutionalized Inequity in Local Government Hiring. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 40(3) 516531.Google Scholar
Portillo, Shannon and Humphrey, Nicole. 2018. Institutionalism and Assumptions: Institutionalizing Race and Gender in Public Administration Scholarship. In Stazyk, E. C. and Frederickson, H. G. (eds.), Handbook of American Public Administration, Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar, pp. 289303.Google Scholar
Pugh, Ann. 1990. My Statistics and Feminism. In Stanley, Liz (ed.), Feminist Praxis, London: Routledge, pp. 103113.Google Scholar
Pulido, Laura. 2016. Flint, Environmental Racism, and Racial Capitalism. Capitalism Nature Socialism, 27(3): 116.Google Scholar
Pulido, Laura. 2000. Rethinking Environmental Racism: White Privilege and Urban Development in Southern California. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(1): 1240.Google Scholar
Pullen, Alison, Vachhani, Sheena, Gagnon, Suzanne and Cornelius, Nelarine. 2017. Editorial: Critical Diversity, Philosophy and Praxis. Gender, Work and Organization, 24(5): 451456.Google Scholar
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Memorandum, M-20-34. 2020. Memorandum For The Heads Of Executive Departments And Agencies. Executive Office of the President. September 4. www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/M-20-34.pdf, accessed June 15, 2021.Google Scholar
Orelus, Pierre W. 2010. Black Masculinity under White Supremacy: Exploring the Intersection between Black Masculinity, Slavery, Racism, Heterosexism, and Social Class. Counterpoints, 351: 63111.Google Scholar
Quillin, John M. 2016. Lifestyle Risk Factors Among People Who Have Had Cancer Genetic Testing. Journal of Genetic Counseling, 25(5): 957964.Google Scholar
Raadschelders, Jos C. N. 2011. Public Administration: The Interdisciplinary Study of Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ray, Victor. 2019a. A Theory of Racialized Organizations. American Sociological Review, 84(1): 2653.Google Scholar
Ray, Victor. 2019b. What Is a Racialized Organization? Work in Progress, June 26. www.wipsociology.org/2019/06/26/what-is-a-racialized-organization/, accessed January 25, 2021.Google Scholar
Ray, Victor Erik, Randolph, Antonia, Underhill, Megan and Luke, David. 2017. Critical Race Theory, Afro-Pessimism, and Racial Progress Narratives. Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, 3(2): 147158.Google Scholar
Ray, Victor and Seamster, Louise. 2016. Rethinking Racial Progress: A Response to Wimmer. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 39(8):1361–69.Google Scholar
Reinharz, Shulamit. 1992. Feminist Methods in Social Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rengifo, Andres F. and Pater, Morgan. 2017. Close Call: Race and Gender in Encounters with the Police by Black and Latino/a Youth in New York City. Sociological Inquiry, 87(2): 337361.Google Scholar
Rho’Dess, Todd. 2011. From Hope to Change? Obama’s 2008 Deracialized Campaign in the Context of the African American Struggle. Race, Gender & Class, 18(3/4): 110122.Google Scholar
Riccucci, Norma M. 2021. Applying Critical Race Theory to Public Administration Scholarship. Perspectives in Public Management and Governance, 4(4): 324338Google Scholar
Riccucci, Norma M. 2010. Public Administration: Traditions of Inquiry and Philosophies of Knowledge. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press (2nd edition forthcoming).Google Scholar
Rich, Wilbur C. (ed.) 2007. African American Perspectives on Political Science. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Richter, Lauren. 2018. Constructing Insignificance: Critical Race Perspectives on Institutional Failure in Environmental Justice Communities. Environmental Sociology, 4(1): 107121.Google Scholar
Ringquist, Evan J. 2005. Assessing Evidence of Environmental Inequities: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24(2): 223247.Google Scholar
Roberts, Helen. 1981. Doing Feminist Research. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Roberts, M. C., Taber, J. M., and Klein, W. M. (2018). Engagement with Genetic Information and Uptake of Genetic Testing: The Role of Trust and Personal Cancer History. Journal of Cancer Education, 33(4): 893900.Google Scholar
Romero, Mary. 2008. Crossing the Immigration and Race Border: A Critical Race Theory Approach To Immigration Studies. Contemporary Justice Review, 11(1): 2337.Google Scholar
Romero, Mary. 2001. State Violence, and the Social and Legal Construction of Latino Criminality: From El Bandido to Gang Member. Denver University Law Review,78, 10891127.Google Scholar
Ross, K., Stoler, J., and Carcioppolo, N. (2018). The relationship between low perceived numeracy and cancer knowledge, beliefs, and affect. PLoS One, 13(6): e0198992. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198992.Google Scholar
Rothwell, Jonathan and Massey, Douglas S.. 2009. The Effect of Density Zoning on Racial Segregation in U.S. Urban Areas. Urban Affairs Review, 44(6): 779806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sablan, Jenna R. 2019. Can You Really Measure That? Combining Critical Race Theory and Quantitative Methods. American Educational Research Journal, 56(1):178203.Google Scholar
Christopher, Schneider. 2003. Integrating Critical Race Theory and Postmodernism: Implications of Race, Class and Gender. Critical Criminology, 12(1): 87103.Google Scholar
Sementelli, Arthur J. and Abel, Charles F.. 2000. Recasting Critical Theory: Veblen, Deconstruction, and the Theory-Praxis Gap. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 22(3): 458478.Google Scholar
Shields, A. E., Burke, W., and Levy, D. E. 2008. Differential Use of Available Genetic Tests among Primary Care Physicians in the United States: Results of a National Survey. Genetics in Medicine, 10(6): 404414.Google Scholar
Shields, Patricia M. 2006. Democracy and the Social Feminist Ethics of Jane Addams: A Vision for Public Administration. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 28(3): 418443.Google Scholar
Shields, Patricia M. 2005. Classical Pragmatism: Roots and Promise for a PA Feminist Theory. Administrative Theory and Praxis, 27(2): 370376.Google Scholar
Shields, Patricia M. and Soeters, Joseph. 2017. Peaceweaving: Jane Addams, Positive Peace, and Public Administration. American Review of Public Administration, 47(3): 323339.Google Scholar
Siegel, Michael. 2020. Racial Disparities in Fatal Police Shootings: An Empirical Analysis Informed by Critical Race Theory. Boston University Law Review, 100: 10691092.Google Scholar
Smith, Linda Tuhiwai. 2012. Decolonizing Methodologies: Research and Indigenous Peoples. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Zed Books.Google Scholar
Smith, Robert C. 2018. Hanes Walton, Jr.: Architect of the Black Science of Politics. Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Smith-Maddox, Renée and Solórzano, Daniel G.. 2002. Using Critical Race Theory, Paulo Freire’s Problem-Posing Method, and Case Study Research to Confront Race and Racism in Education. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1): 6684.Google Scholar
Solórzano, Daniel G. and Yosso, Tara J.. 2002. Critical Race Methodology: Counter-Storytelling as an Analytical Framework for Education Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1): 2344.Google Scholar
Solórzano, Daniel G., Ceja, Miguel and Yosso, Tara J.. 2000. Critical Race Theory, Racial Microaggressions and Campus Racial Climate: The Experiences of African American College Students. The Journal of Negro Education, 69(1/2): 6073.Google Scholar
Stivers, Camilla. 2002. Gender Images in Public Administration: Legitimacy and the Administrative State. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.Google Scholar
Stivers, Camilla. 2000. Bureau Men, Settlement Women: Constructing Public Administration in the Progressive Era. Lawrence, Kansas: University of Kansas Press.Google Scholar
Stivers, Camilla. 1991. Toward a Feminist Perspective in Public Administration Theory. Women & Politics, 10(4): 4965.Google Scholar
Sue, Derald Wing. Microaggressions in Everyday Life: Race, Gender, and Sexual Orientation. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2010.Google Scholar
Sung, Kenzo K. and Coleman, Natoya. 2019. Framing Critical Race Theory and Methodologies. In Strunk, Kamden K. and Locke, Leslie Ann (eds.), Research Methods for Social Justice and Equity in Education. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 4558.Google Scholar
Swan, Elaine. 2017. What are White People to Do? Listening, Challenging Ignorance, Generous Encounters and the ‘Not Yet’ as Diversity Research Praxis. Gender, Work and Organization, 24(5): 547563.Google Scholar
Taylor, Jami Kathleen. 2007. Transgender Identities and Public Policy in the United States: The Relevance for Public Administration. Administration & Society, 39(7): 833885.Google Scholar
Torres, Lucas, Driscoll, Mark W. and Burrow, Anthony L.. 2010. Racial Microaggressions and Psychological Functioning Among Highly Achieving African-Americans: A Mixed-Methods Approach. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 29(10): 10741099.Google Scholar
Trochmann, Maren B., Viswanath, Shilpa, Puello, Stephanie and Larson, Samantha June. 2021. Resistance or reinforcement? A Critical Discourse Analysis of Racism and Anti-Blackness in Public Administration Scholarship. Administrative Theory & Praxis, DOI: 10.1080/10841806.2021.1918990.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom and Wakslak, Cheryl J.. 2004. Profiling and Police Legitimacy: Procedural Justice, Attributions of Motive, and Acceptance of Police Authority. Criminology, 42(2): 253281.Google Scholar
Ben, Van Dusen and Nissen, Jayson. 2020. Associations between learning assistants, passing introductory physics, and equity: A quantitative critical race theory investigation. Physical Review Physics Education Research, 16(1): 010117-1 – 010117-15.Google Scholar
Westmarland, Nicole. 2001. The Quantitative/Qualitative Debate and Feminist Research: A Subjective View of Objectivity. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 2 (1):online. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:tYyrYl93t0EJ:www.qualitative-research.net/index.php/fqs/article/view/974/2124+&cd=3&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=firefox-b-1-d, accessed December 17, 2020.Google Scholar
Wiggershaus, Rolf. 1994. The Frankfurt School: Its History, Theories, and Political Significance. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (translated by Michael Robertson).Google Scholar
Williams, David R. and Mohammed, Salina A.. 2013. Racism and Health I: Pathways and Scientific Evidence. American Behavioral Scientist, 57(8): 11521173.Google Scholar
Williams, David R., Lawrence, Jourdyn A. and Davis, Brigette A.. 2019. Racism and Health: Evidence and Needed Research. Annual Review of Public Health, 40(1): 105125.Google Scholar
Williams, Monnica T., Skinta, Matthew D., Kanter, Jonathan W., Martin-Willett, Renée, Mier-Chairez, Judy, Debreaux, Marlena and Rosen, Daniel C.. 2020. A Qualitative Study of Microaggressions against African Americans on Predominantly White Campuses. BioMed Central, BMC Psychology, 8(111): 113.Google Scholar
Williams, Patricia J. 1991. Alchemy of Race and Rights: Diary of a Law Professor. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Williams, Patricia J., 1987. Alchemical Notes: Reconstructing Ideals from Deconstructed Rights.” Harvard Civil Rights – Civil Liberties Law Review 401.Google Scholar
Wilson, Woodrow. 1887. The Study of Public Administration. Political Science Quarterly, 2(2): 197222.Google Scholar
Witt, Matthew T. 2006. Notes from the Margin: Race, Relevance, and the Making of Public Administration. Administrative Theory and Praxis, 28(1): 3668.Google Scholar
Wittenbrink, B., Judd, C. M., & Park, B. 2001. Spontaneous Prejudice in Context: Variability in Automatically Activated Attitudes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81(5): 815827.Google Scholar
Wolfson, Andrew. 2020. Kentucky’s self-defense laws negated possible homicide charges in Breonna Taylor’s death. Louisville Courier Journal. September 23. www.courier-journal.com/story/news/local/breonna-taylor/2020/09/23/end-case-went-down-just-experts-criminal-law-predicted-none-three-officers-involved-death-breonna-ta/5864466002/, accessed January 5, 2021.Google Scholar
Woodard, Maurice and Preston, Michael B.. 1985. Black Political Scientists: Where Are the New Ph.D.s? PS: Political Science & Politics, 18(1): 8088.Google Scholar
Wright James, E. II and Headley, Andrea M.. 2021. Can Technology Work for Policing? Citizen Perceptions of Police-Body Worn Cameras. American Review of Public Administration, 51(1): 1727.Google Scholar
Wright, James E. II and Headley, Andrea M.. 2020. Police Use of Force Interactions: Is Race Relevant or Gender Germane? American Review of Public Administration, 50(8): 851864.Google Scholar
Wright, James E. II and Merritt, Cullen C.. 2020. Social Equity and COVID‐19: The Case of African Americans. Public Administration Review, 80(5): 820826.Google Scholar
Zuberi, Tukufu. 2001. Thicker than Blood: How Racial Statistics Lie. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Zuberi, Tukufu. 2000. Deracializing Social Statistics: Problems in the Quantification of Race. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 568(March): 172185.Google Scholar
Zuberi, Tukufu and Bonilla-Silva, Eduardo. 2008. White Logic, White Methods: Racism and Methodology. Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.Google Scholar

Save element to Kindle

To save this element to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Critical Race Theory
Available formats
×

Save element to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Critical Race Theory
Available formats
×

Save element to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Critical Race Theory
Available formats
×