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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 May 2023
This chapter considers the efforts that zoos have made to establish cooperative breeding programmes to create insurance populations of threatened species in zoos, such as the establishment of international studbooks, the EAZA Ex-situ Programmes (EEPs) in Europe and the Species Survival Plan® (SSP) programmes in North America. To improve breeding in some species a number of assisted reproductive technologies have been developed, including artificial insemination, cloning and frozen zoos. In order to manage genetic diversity and prevent the effects of inbreeding, some animals may need to be culled or given contraception. Population growth in managed populations has been predicted by using computer simulations. Some species have recovered well in the wild without the need for ex-situ breeding programmes.
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