Conclusion

Summary

The end of the metallurgical renewal in the ninth century BC in the Southern Levant implies that the many biblical sources referring to this reality necessarily carry the memory of original events relative to the period of the emergence of Israel. It means that the super-god dimension of YHWH still existed in early Israel, and that it founded the official religion. The subsequent collapse of the copper industry and demise of the copper network probably stimulated the gradual prominence of the Exodus–Conquest ideology upon Integrative Yahwism and the relegation of metallurgy to the rank of craft devoid of religious dimension. This metamorphosis enabled the emergence of modern forms of Yahwism freed from the metallurgical heritage, including monotheism.