Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-j824f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-02T10:11:44.939Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

13 - The future of large wetlands: a global perspective

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 August 2009

L. H. Fraser
Affiliation:
Thompson Rivers University
P. A. Keddy
Affiliation:
Southeastern Louisiana University
Lauchlan H. Fraser
Affiliation:
University of Akron, Ohio
Paul A. Keddy
Affiliation:
Southeastern Louisiana University
Get access

Summary

Introduction

It is a difficult task to write the concluding chapter of The World's Largest Wetlands because one could imagine two quite different audiences drawn to this book. Some will know a great deal about wetland science and will probably use the book for the many examples and descriptions of large wetland systems offered. Others may be encountering the science of wetland ecology for the first time, and perhaps may not have the academic resources readily at hand to interpret the content, or to draw common parallels between the large wetland systems. In reviewing these chapters and considering the two audiences, we constructed four themes that are shared across chapters: (1) threats to wetlands; (2) efforts to save wetlands; (3) wetlands, water, and humans; and (4) moving toward conservation. For somebody already well-versed some, or even all, of this summary may not be needed; but for others it will be a helpful capstone to the discussion of large wetland systems. Keep in mind that there are other wetlands books with much more detail that the reader should go to for a more-thorough reference.

The estimated annual value of wetlands, based on ecosystem services and natural capital, is US$12790 trillion (Constanza et al. 1997); this accounts for over one-third of the total value for the world. Much of the value associated with wetlands is related to the role they play in the hydrological cycle (e.g. water storage and water quality).

Type
Chapter
Information
The World's Largest Wetlands
Ecology and Conservation
, pp. 446 - 468
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Batzer, D. P. and Resh, V. H. (1991). Trophic interactions among a beetle predator, a chironomid grazer, and periphyton in a seasonal wetland. Oikos, 60, 251–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belyea, L. R. and Clymo, R. S. (2001). Feedback control of the rate of peat formation. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B, 268, 1315–21CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boutin, C. and Keddy, P. A. (1993). A functional classification of wetland plants. Journal of Vegetation Science, 4, 591–600CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chase, T. N., Pielke, R. A. Sr., Kittel, T. G. F., Nemani, R. R., and Running, S. W. (2000). Simulated impacts of historical land cover changes on global climate in northern winter. Climate Dynamics, 16, 93–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clymo, R. S. (1970). The growth of Sphagnum: methods of measurement. Journal of Ecology, 58, 13–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clymo, R. S. and Reddaway, E. J. F. (1971). Productivity of Sphagnum (bog-moss) and peat accumulation. Hidrobiologia (Bucharest), 12, 181–92Google Scholar
Clymo, R. S., Tutunen, J., and Tolonen, K., (1998). Carbon accumulation in peatland. Oikos, 81, 368–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cody, M. L. (1991). Niche theory and plant growth form. Vegetatio, 97, 39–55Google Scholar
Constanza, R., d'Arge, R., and Groot, R.et al. (1997). The value of the world's ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature, 387, 253–260CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corti, D., Kohler, S. L., and Sparks, R. E. (1997). Effects of hydroperiod and predation on a Mississippi River floodplain invertebrate community. Oecologia, 109, 154–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cummins, K. W. and Klug, M. J. (1979). Feeding ecology of stream invertebrates. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 10, 147–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, T. E. (1990). Wetlands Losses in the United States, 1780s to 1980s. Washington, DC: US Department the Interior, Fish and Wildlife ServiceGoogle Scholar
Dahl, T. E. (2000). Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States 1986–1997. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service
Darras, S., Michou, M., and Sarrat, C. (1999). IGBP-DIS Wetland Data Initiative: A First Step Towards Identifying a Global Delineation of Wetlands. IGB-DIS Working Paper 19. Toulouse, France: International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme: Data and Information SystemGoogle Scholar
Villiers, M. (1999). Water. Toronto, Canada: Stoddart Publishing CoGoogle Scholar
Diamond, J. A. (1975). Assembly of species communities. In Ecology and Evolution of Communities, eds. Cody, M. L. and Diamond, J. M.. Cambridge, MA: Belnap Press, pp. 342–445Google Scholar
Dugan, P. (1993). Wetlands in Danger. London: Michael Beasley, Reed InternationalGoogle Scholar
Finlayson, C. M. and Davidson, N. C. (1999). Global Review of Wetland Resources and Priorities for Wetland Inventory. Ramsar Bureau Contract 56. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention BureauGoogle Scholar
Foley, J. A., Costa, M. H., Delire, C., Ramankutty, N., and Snyder, P. (2003). Green surprise? How terrestrial ecosystems could affect earth's climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 1, 38–44Google Scholar
Fraser, L. H., Bradford, M. E., and Steer, D. N. (2003). Human appropriation and treatment of fresh water: a global hydrology model incorporating treatment wetlands. International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 2, 174–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frazier, S. (1999). Ramsar Sites Overview. Wageningen, the Netherlands: Wetlands InternationalGoogle Scholar
Gallihugh, J. L. and Rogner, J. D. (1998). Wetland Mitigation and 404 Permit Compliance Study, vol. 1. Burlington, IL: US Fish and Wildlife Service, Region III. Chicago, IL: US Environmental Protection Agency, Region VGoogle Scholar
Gleason, H. A. (1939). The individualistic concept of the plant association. American Midland Naturalist, 21, 92–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gleick, P. H. (2000). The World's Water 2000–2001: The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources. Washington, DC: Island PressGoogle Scholar
Grime, J. P. (1977). Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory. American Naturalist, 111, 1169–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grime, J. P., Thompson, K., and Hodgson, J. G. (1997). Integrated screening validates primary axes of specialization in plants. Oikos, 79, 259–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammer, D. A. (1996). Creating Freshwater Wetlands, 2nd edn. Boca Raton, FL: CRC PressGoogle Scholar
Hinrichsen, D. (2000). The Oceans are Coming Ashore. Washington, DC: World WatchGoogle Scholar
Holling, C. S. (ed.) (1978). Adaptive Environmental Assessment and Management. Chichester, UK: John WileyGoogle Scholar
Kadlec, R. and Knight, R. (1996). Treatment Wetlands. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis PublishersGoogle Scholar
Kaswadji, R. F., Gosselink, J. G., and Turner, R. E. (1990). Estimation of primary production using five different methods in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 1, 57–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (1983). Freshwater wetlands human-induced changes: indirect effects must also be considered. Environmental Management, 4, 299–302CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (1991). Biological monitoring and ecological prediction: from nature reserve management to national state of environment indicators. In Biological Monitoring for Conservation, ed. Goldsmith, F. B., London: Chapman and HallGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (1992). Assembly and response rules: two goals for predictive community ecology. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 157–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (1999). Wetland restoration: the potential for assembly rules in the service of conservation. Wetlands, 19, 716–32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A. (2000). Wetland Ecology: Principles and Conservation. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. and Fraser, L. H. (2000). Four general principles for the management and conservation of wetlands in large lakes: the role of water levels, nutrients, competitive hierarchies and centrifugal organization. Lakes and Reservoirs: Research and Management, 5, 177–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keddy, P. A., Lee, H. T., and Wisheu, I. C. (1993). Choosing indicators of ecosystem integrity: wetlands as a model system. In Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems, eds. Woodley, S., Kay, J., and Francis, G.. Ottawa, Canada: St. Lucie PressGoogle Scholar
Kelman, K. (1981). Cost Benefit Analysis: an Ethical Critique. Regulation (Jan.–Feb.). Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy ResearchGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kentula, M. E. (1996). Wetland restoration and creation. In National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, J. D. Fretwell, J. S. Williams, and P. J. Redman. US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2425, pp. 87–92
Matthews, E. and Fung, I. (1987). Methane emissions from natural wetlands: global distribution, area, and environmental characteristics of sources. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 1, 61–86CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Metcalf & Eddy Inc. (1979). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment Disposal Reuse, revised by Tchobanoglous, G.. New York: McGraw-HillGoogle Scholar
Mitsch, W. J. and Gosselink, J. G. (1993). Wetlands, 2nd edn. New York: John WileyGoogle Scholar
Mitsch, W. J. and Gosselink, J. G. (2000). Wetlands, 3rd edn. New York: John WileyGoogle Scholar
Moore, D. R. J., Keddy, P. A., Gaudet, C. L., and Wisheu, I. C. (1989). Conservation of wetlands: do infertile wetlands deserve a higher priority?Biological Conservation, 47, 203–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moser, M., Prentice, C., and Frazier, S. (1996). A global overview of wetland loss and degradation. In Proceedings of the Sixth Meeting of the Conference of Contracting Parties of the Ramsar Convention, vol. 10, March 19–27, 1996, Brisbane, Australia. Gland, Switzerland: Ramsar Convention Bureau
Mueller-Dombois, D. and Ellenberg, H. (1974). Aims and Methods of Vegetation Ecology. New York: John WileyGoogle Scholar
Novotny, V. (1989). Karl Imhoff's Handbook of Urban Drainage and Wastewater Disposal. New York: John WileyGoogle Scholar
Peckarsky, B. L. and Dodson, S. I. (1980). An experimental analysis of biological factors contributing to stream community structure. Ecology, 61, 1283–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pianka, E. R. (1980). Guild structure in desert lizards. Oikos, 35, 194–201CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Population Reference Bureau (1994). Washington, DC: Population Reference Bureau
Postel, S. (1992). Last Oasis: Facing Water Scarcity. New York: NortonGoogle Scholar
Postel, S. L., Daily, G. C., and Ehrlich, P. R. (1996). Human appropriation of renewable fresh water. Science, 271, 785–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prentice, I. C., Cramer, W., Harrison, S. P.et al. (1992). A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate. Journal of Biogeography, 19, 117–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Severinghaus, W. D. (1981). Guild theory development as a mechanism for assessing environmental impact. Environmental Management, 5, 187–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simberloff, D. and Dayan, T. (1991). The guild concept and the structure of ecological communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 22, 115–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar
US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation. http://www.usbr.gov/dataweb/dams/index.html (accessed February, 2005)
Votteler, T. H. and Muir, T. A. (1996). Wetland protection legislation. In: National Water Summary on Wetland Resources, eds. J. D. Fretwell, J. S. Williams, and P. J. Redman. US Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 2425, pp. 49–56
Ward, B. (1966). Spaceship Earth. New York: Columbia University PressGoogle Scholar
WCD (World Commission on Dams) (2000). Dams and Development: a New Framework for Decision-Making. The Report of the World Commission on Dams. London: Earthscan Publications Ltd
Weiher, E. and Keddy, P. A. (1995). The assembly of experimental wetland plant communities. Oikos, 73, 323–35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westoby, M. D., Falster, S., Moles, A. T., Vesk, P. A., and Wright, I. J. (2002). Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 33, 125–59CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wigley, T. M. L. and Raper, S. C. B. (2001). Interpretation of high projections for global-mean warming. Science, 293, 451–4CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wilson, H. M. and Roxsburgh, S. H. (1994). A demonstration of guild based assembly rules for a plant community, and determination of intrinsic guilds. Oikos, 69, 267–76CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wisheu, I. C. and Keddy, P. A. (1992). Competition and centrifugal organization of plant communities: theory and tests. Journal of Vegetation Science, 3, 147–56CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woo, I. and Zedler, J. B. (2002). Can nutrients alone shift a sedge meadow towards dominance by the invasive Typha × glauca?Wetlands, 22, 509–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Woodley, S., Kay, J., and Francis, G. (1993). Ecological Integrity and the Management of Ecosystems. Ottawa, Canada: St. Lucie PressGoogle Scholar
Woodward, F. I., Smith, T. M., and Emanuel, W. R. (1995). A global land primary productivity and phytogeography model. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 9, 471–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
World Commission on Dams. http://www.dams.org/kbase/survey/ (accessed February, 2005)
World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF. (2000). Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment 2000 Report
WRI (World Resources Institute) (2000). World Resources 2000–01. Washington, DC: WRI

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×