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The Biology and Neuroscience of Suicide
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 October 2023
Suicide is a complex public health problem driven by a multitude of biopsychosocial factors and is the result of gene–environment interactions. Psychosocial variables like chronic stress and trauma have biologic ramifications and can contribute to various forms of pathophysiology, dysregulation, and degradation, represented by allostatic load (AL). AL is the wear and tear that stress exerts on the body, and it has been associated with mental health problems and suicide. Fortunately, there are pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that may be effective at reducing AL and reversing its effects. Incorporating AL into efforts to promote early risk identification, prevention, and treatment of suicide is an important consideration. Critical next steps are identifying which AL biomarkers are most malleable, which effective treatments reduce AL, and if these reductions of AL are associated with decreased suicide.
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