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27 - Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2010

By
Ketan P. Parekh  and
Cecil S. Ash
Edited by
Charles E. Smith
Ketan P. Parekh
Affiliation:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
Cecil S. Ash
Affiliation:
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
Charles E. Smith
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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Summary

Objectives

  1. Review the pathophysiology of maxillofacial trauma.

  2. Discuss the surgical considerations for patients with facial trauma, including fractures of the upper and lower jaws, orbits, facial lacerations, and midface fractures (LeFort fractures).

  3. Review the implications of head and neck infections including Ludwig's angina.

INTRODUCTION

Oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMSs) are the surgical specialists of the dental profession. Their surgical expertise and thorough understanding of both aesthetics and function uniquely qualify them to diagnose, treat, and manage the conditions, defects, injuries, and aesthetic aspects of the hard and soft tissues of the oral and maxillofacial regions.

As an oral and maxillofacial surgeon, extensive dental and medical training in the hospital-based environment is needed to treat and repair injuries to the face. OMSs are experts in treating facial trauma, including fractures of the upper and lower jaws and orbits and the cosmetic management of facial lacerations. As an OMS, responsibilities also extend into performing complex reconstruction of the maxillofacial and craniofacial complexes.

Important to the training of the OMS is the acquisition of knowledge and skill in advance and complex pain control methods, including intravenous (IV) sedation and ambulatory general anesthesia. An OMS resident receives up to 6 months of operating room (OR) general anesthesia experience alongside board-certified medical anesthesiologists. In addition, the OMS receives extensive training and experience in the initial and definitive care of the trauma patient, management of extensive odontogenic infections of the head and neck, management of oral pathologic lesions (such as cysts and tumors of the jaws), diagnosis and management of dentofacial deformities (congenital, developmental, or acquired), complex maxillofacial preprosthetic surgery (including the use of dental implants), reconstruction with bone grafts of missing portions of the jaws, and management of facial pain and temporomandibular joint disorders.

Type
Chapter
Information
Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 417 - 430
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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References

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  • Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
    • By Ketan P. Parekh, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, Cecil S. Ash, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.030
Available formats
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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
    • By Ketan P. Parekh, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, Cecil S. Ash, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.030
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Oral and Maxillofacial Trauma
    • By Ketan P. Parekh, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, Cecil S. Ash, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, MetroHealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
  • Edited by Charles E. Smith, Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
  • Book: Trauma Anesthesia
  • Online publication: 18 January 2010
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547447.030
Available formats
×