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19 - Intraoperative One-Lung Ventilation for Trauma Anesthesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2010

By
George W. Kanellakos  and
Peter Slinger
Edited by
Charles E. Smith
George W. Kanellakos
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Peter Slinger
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesia, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Charles E. Smith
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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Summary

Objectives

  1. Review the indications for one-lung ventilation in trauma.

  2. Describe the physiologic effects of one-lung ventilation in trauma.

  3. Review the modern management of one-lung ventilation, including treatment for intraoperative hypoxemia.

  4. Discuss lung isolation techniques and relevant bronchial anatomy.

  5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of equipment options for achieving lung isolation.

INTRODUCTION

Trauma patients that have thoracic injuries are extremely difficult to manage and require great expertise with careful clinical management [1]. Other major injuries may be present and management is made much more difficult by the urgency of the situation. The traditional classification of blunt versus penetrating thoracic trauma is important and both mechanisms can lead to significant respiratory injury, at any level within the tracheobronchial tree [2]. Nevertheless, all trauma algorithms place the utmost emphasis on establishing a safe airway. In thoracic trauma, this airway often means having the ability to establish one-lung ventilation (OLV).

LUNG ISOLATION IN TRAUMA PATIENTS

Traditionally, the approach to lung isolation has been divided into absolute and relative indications (Table 19.1) [3]. Within this table, there are two guiding principles that encompass all the indications for OLV. These two categories are:

  1. Lung Protection: To prevent contralateral lung soiling against blood or secretions (pus), or to prevent further lung injury secondary to positive pressure ventilation, as in the case of a bronchopleural fistula or severe pulmonary contusion.

  2. Surgical Procedures: To facilitate surgical resection. In the case of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, it is essential.

Both approaches can help guide the clinician, but the decision to establish OLV should be made on a case-by-case basis.

Type
Chapter
Information
Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 300 - 313
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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