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8 - Blood Loss: Does It Change My Intravenous Anesthetic?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2010

By
Ken Johnson  and
Talmage D. Egan
Edited by
Charles E. Smith
Ken Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
Talmage D. Egan
Affiliation:
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
Charles E. Smith
Affiliation:
Case Western Reserve University, Ohio
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Summary

Objectives

  1. Review emerging data on the influence of blood loss and resuscitation on the behavior of commonly used intravenous sedative hypnotics and opioids.

  2. Discuss the rational selection and dosing of sedative hypnotics and opioids in settings of intravascular volume depletion.

SUMMARY

Anesthesiologists have long recognized the need to moderate doses of intravenous anesthetics in settings of significant blood loss. The scientific rationale for this practice, however, has not been well established. This chapter reviews recent investigations that have quantified how blood loss influences intravenous anesthetic behavior and synthesizes these findings into a set of clinical “take-home messages” targeted at improving patient safety.

INFLUENCE OF BLOOD LOSS ON INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETICS

Dr. Halford, a surgeon, wrote a letter to the editor of Anesthesiology after caring for several trauma victims after the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941. He noticed that anesthetists had started using the intravenous (IV) anesthetic sodium pentothal. His comments were:

Then let it be said that intravenous anesthesia is also an ideal form of euthanasia … With this heterogeneous mass of emergency anesthetists, it is necessary to choose an anesthetic involving the WIDEST MARGIN OF SAFETY for the patient … Stick with ETHER [1].

Anesthesiologists have recognized the need to incrementally dose these anesthetics, and to moderate the overall dose for patients who have significant blood loss before or during surgery. Through experience, they have learned that a full dose of certain IV anesthetics can lead to pronounced and often unwanted side effects with potentially disastrous consequences.

Type
Chapter
Information
Trauma Anesthesia , pp. 133 - 141
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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References

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