Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-94fs2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T00:24:12.383Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

14 - Early Development of Input–Output Analysis of Energy and Ecologic Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 2011

By
Bruce Hannon
Edited by
Bhavik R. Bakshi ,
Timothy G. Gutowski  and
Dušan P. Sekulić
Bruce Hannon
Affiliation:
University of Illinois-Urbana
Bhavik R. Bakshi
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Timothy G. Gutowski
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Dušan P. Sekulić
Affiliation:
University of Kentucky
Get access

Summary

Introduction

In the 1930s, Wassily Leontief was putting the finishing touches on his development of the input-output (IO) matrices of the U.S. economy, just in time for its strategic use in converting our industry to a war footing. His process allowed the direct and indirect demands of industry to be estimated for a given gross national product (GNP). The government stated its concepts of the needs for the items of war in terms of the numbers of airplanes, tanks, guns, explosives, and so forth, for each of the four or five years they expected the war to last. Leontief was able to determine, for this final bill of goods, the flows of steel, aluminum, energy, and such needed from each industry, directly and indirectly [1]. Then these flows were compared with the capital stocks needed in these industries to meet the wartime demands. What they found was that the output of war material and energy plus those of personal consumption was not possible given then-current capacities in any of the major sectors. Two major endeavors were soon undertaken: massive new construction programs in steel production and shipbuilding, including conversion of many industries to the production of military items, for example, the auto companies converting to the production of military vehicles, and the substantial reduction of personal consumption of cars, gasoline, tires, and certain kinds of food. How did he do it?

Type
Chapter
Information
Thermodynamics and the Destruction of Resources , pp. 365 - 376
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Leontief, W., Input–output Economics (Oxford University Press, New York, 1986).Google Scholar
Kuznets, S., National Income and Its Composition, 1919–1938 (National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, 1941).Google Scholar
Hannon, B.,“Bottles, cans, energy,”Environment 14(2), 23–31 (1972).Google Scholar
Folk, H., “Two papers on the effects of mandatory deposits on beverage containers,” PB 227–884 (National Technical Information Service, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1973).
Blazeck, T., Casler, S., and Hannon, B., “Energy intensities for the U.S. economy–1977,” Report to the Department of Energy (Office of Energy Conservation, Washington, D.C., 1985).Google Scholar
Bullard, C., “Energy costs, benefits, and net energy,”Energy Syst. Policy 1, 367–382 (1976).Google Scholar
Bullard, C. and Herendeen, R., “Energy costs of goods and services,”Energy Policy 3, 263–278 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Folk, H. and Hannon, B., “An energy, pollution and employment policy model,” in Energy: Demand, Conservation, and Institutional Problems, edited by Macrakis, M.(MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1974).Google Scholar
Bezdek, R. and Hannon, B., “Energy, manpower and the Highway Trust Fund,”Science 185, 669–675 (1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B. and Bezdek, R., “The job impact of alternatives to Corps of Engineers projects,”Eng. Issues, Am. Soc. Civil Eng. 99, 521–531 (1973).Google Scholar
Hannon, B. and Casler, S., “Readjustment potentials in industrial energy efficiency and structure,”J. Environ. Econ. Manage. 17, 93–108 (1989).Google Scholar
Hannon, B., , T.Blazeck, , Kennedy, D., and Illyes, R., “A comparison of energy intensities: 1963, 1967 and 1972,”Resources Energy 5, 83–102 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., “Analysis of the energy cost of economic activities: 1963–2000,”Energy Syst. and Policy 6, 249–278 (1982).Google Scholar
Hannon, B., and Blazeck, T., “The marginal energy cost of goods & services,”Energy Syst. Policy 8(2), 85–112 (1984).Google Scholar
Herendeen, R., Ford, C., and Hannon, B., “Energy cost of living, 1972–73,”Energy 6, 1433–1450 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., , R.Herendeen, , and Penner, P., “An energy conservation tax: Impacts and policy implications,”Energy Syst. Policy 5, 141–166 (1981).Google Scholar
Hannon, B., “Energy conservation and the consumer,”Science 189, 95–102 (1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., “Energy and labor demand in a conserver society,”Technol. Rev. 79(5), 1–6 (1977).Google Scholar
Hannon, B. and Lohman, T., “The energy cost of overweight in the United States,”J. Public Health 68, 765–767 (1978).Google Scholar
Kakela, P., “Iron ore: Energy, labor and capital changes with technology,”Science 202, 1151–1157 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costanza, R., “Embodied energy and economic valuation,”Science 210, 1219–1224 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B.,Stein, R., Segal, B., and Serber, D., “Energy and labor use for building construction,”Science 202, 837–847 (1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirst, E. and Hannon, B., “Direct and indirect effects of energy conservation programs in residential and commercial buildings,”Science 205, 656–661 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., and Brodrick, J., “Steel recycling and energy conservation,”Science. 216, 485–491 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reber, M., “Low sulfur coal: A revision of reserve and supply estimates,” PB 248–062/AS (National Technical Information Service, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1973).
Reber, M., “Coal transportation: Unit trains – slurry pipelines,” PB 248–652/AS (National Technical Information Service, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 1975).
Hannon, B., “The structure of ecosystems,”J. Theor. Biol. 41, 535–546 (1973).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., , R.Costanza, , and Ulanowicz, R., “A general accounting framework for ecological systems: A functional taxonomy for connectivist ecology,”Theor. Popul. Biol. 40, 78–104 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harmon, B., “Ecosystem control theory,” J. Theo. Biol. 121, 417–437 (1986).Google Scholar
Hannon, B. and Joiris, C., “A seasonal analysis of the Southern North Sea ecosystem,”Ecology 70, 1916–1934 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., “Biological time value,”Math. Biol. Sci. 100, 115–140 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bentsman, J. and Hannon, B., “Cyclic control in ecosystems,”Math. Biol. Sci. 87, 47–62 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., “Ecological pricing and economic efficiency,”Ecol. Econ. 36, 19–30 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hannon, B., “How might nature value man?,”Ecol. Econ. 25, 265–280 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×