This book is concerned with the commercial exploitation of armed conflict; it is about money, war, atrocities and economic actors, about the connections between them, and about responsibility. It aims to clarify the legal framework that defines these connections and gives rise to criminal or, in some instances, civil responsibility, referring both to mechanisms for international criminal justice, such as the International Criminal Court, and domestic systems. It considers which economic actors among individuals, businesses, governments and States should be held accountable and before which forum. Additionally, it addresses the question of how to recover illegally acquired profits and redirect them to benefit the victims of war. The chapters shine a critical light on the options provided by a network of laws to ensure that the 'great industrialists' of our time, who find economic opportunities in the war-ravaged lives of others, are unable to pursue those opportunities with impunity.

'As the essays in this book demonstrate, huge financial profits are made by many leaders responsible for waging war and the commission of atrocity crimes. They are essential reading for everyone interested in understanding the extortion and theft that has almost invariably accompanied the commission of massive criminality.'

Justice Richard Goldstone - former Chief Prosecutor of the ICTY and ICTR

'One inescapable truth about the evil that propels governments, non-state actors, and individuals to wage war and commit atrocity crimes is money. There is profit to be made by the funders of these continuing horrors on our planet. Professor Nina Jørgensen has gathered a distinguished group of scholars and practitioners who, in 19 revealing chapters, have crafted a pathbreaking book probing the theory and reality of how money flows towards such evil objectives and the pursuit of justice to shut it down, and help the victims, on both global and national stages.'

Ambassador David Scheffer - Mayer Brown/Robert A. Helman Professor of Law, Northwestern University School of Law, and US Ambassador at Large for War Crimes Issues (1997-2001)

'The focus, at and since Nuremberg, on the criminal accountability of political and military leaders has obscured the law relating to the responsibility of other masters of war, notably those who finance and profit from atrocities through businesses such as banks and arms suppliers. That is why this book is so important, bringing together the latest developments in dealing with and denuding of profit the people and the corporate entities which have commercially exploited armed conflict. It should be read by prosecutors and policy makers and all concerned to bring an end to their impunity for crimes against humanity.'

Geoffrey Robertson QC - Author, Crimes Against Humanity