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Chapter 15 - Cerebellar Regulation of the Thalamus

from Section 6: - Motor Control

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 August 2022

By
Freek E. Hoebeek  and
Henk-Jan Boele
Edited by
Michael M. Halassa
Michael M. Halassa
Affiliation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
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Summary

The motor thalamus is a complex system made of several subnuclei that together play a pivotal role in the planning and execution of movement. Some subnuclei were considered to form the “classical motor thalamus” (ventroanterior, ventrolateral, and ventromedial nuclei), and other thalamic subnuclei (centrolateral, parafascicular, and centromedian nuclei) innervate sensorimotor cortical areas. The cerebellum innervates all motor thalamus nuclei, with axons from all four different cerebellar nuclei. Decades of neuroanatomical tracer experiments have revealed that the cerebellar nuclei axons form excitatory synapses in the thalamus, thus creating somototopically organized cerebello-thalamo-cortical networks. Electrophysiological data at the synaptic, cellular, and network levels reveal how the action-potential firing patterns of cerebellar and cerebral cortical inputs are integrated in the motor thalamus to synergistically drive its output. In the current chapter, we provide a review of the anatomical and electrophysiological data and share our opinion on how the cerebellum regulates the precise timing of thalamo-cortical activity. We conclude our chapter with a discussion of the role of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical tract in the pathophysiology and treatment of movement disorders, autism spectrum disorders, and epilepsy.

Keywords

cerebellar nucleimotor thalamusneurochemical tracersviral tracerssynaptic transmission
Type
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Information
The Thalamus , pp. 284 - 306
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

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