Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Contributors
- Neural repair and rehabilitation: an introduction
- Section A Technology of neurorehabilitation
- Section A1 Outcomes measurement and diagnostic technology
- Section A2 Therapeutic technology
- Section B Symptom-specific neurorehabilitation
- Section B1 Sensory and motor dysfunctions
- 15 Chronic pain
- 16 Loss of somatic sensation
- 17 Management of spasticity
- 18 Arm and hand weakness
- 19 Gait disorders and rehabilitation
- 20 Balance, vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction
- 21 Deconditioning and energy expenditure
- Section B2 Vegetative and autonomic dysfunctions
- Section B3 Cognitive neurorehabilitation
- Section C Disease-specific neurorehabilitation systems
- Index
- Plate section
21 - Deconditioning and energy expenditure
from Section B1 - Sensory and motor dysfunctions
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 August 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface
- Contributors
- Contributors
- Neural repair and rehabilitation: an introduction
- Section A Technology of neurorehabilitation
- Section A1 Outcomes measurement and diagnostic technology
- Section A2 Therapeutic technology
- Section B Symptom-specific neurorehabilitation
- Section B1 Sensory and motor dysfunctions
- 15 Chronic pain
- 16 Loss of somatic sensation
- 17 Management of spasticity
- 18 Arm and hand weakness
- 19 Gait disorders and rehabilitation
- 20 Balance, vestibular and oculomotor dysfunction
- 21 Deconditioning and energy expenditure
- Section B2 Vegetative and autonomic dysfunctions
- Section B3 Cognitive neurorehabilitation
- Section C Disease-specific neurorehabilitation systems
- Index
- Plate section
Summary
Introduction
The relative contributions of restoration of basic physiologic processes, neuroplasticity, and behavioral compensation to functional recovery after neurologic insult are unknown. Traditionally, the extent of recovery was viewed as being almost exclusively dependent on the state of the neuromuscular system. As a consequence, intervention strategies have focused primarily on improving the capacity of that system – an approach that has met with limited success in terms of restoring functional independence. It is now becoming clear that recovery cannot be explained solely on the basis of improved neuromuscular function. For example, Roth and colleagues (1998) determined that less than a third of the variance in disability following stroke can be explained by the extent of neurologic impairment. Recently, attention has turned to multi-system approaches to neurorehabilitation that address the interaction of neuromuscular, cardiorespiratory, and musculoskeletal systems and the environment. With growing evidence of a high prevalence of deconditioning among individuals with neurologic involvement, the interaction between the neuromuscular and cardiorespiratory systems is of particular interest.
Both primary effects of upper motor neuron damage (e.g., paralysis, spasticity, sensory-perceptual impairments) and secondary effects (e.g., contractures, inactivity, disuse muscle atrophy, fatigue) contribute to the deconditioned state of individuals with neurologic lesions. Frequently, these effects are superimposed on an already compromised cardiorespiratory system resulting from co-morbid cardiovascular disease (Kennedy, 1986; Roth, 1993) as well as lifestyle- and age-related declines in cardiorespiratory fitness (Bouchard et al., 1990).
Keywords
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Textbook of Neural Repair and Rehabilitation , pp. 315 - 336Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006