Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T09:44:25.327Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

16 - Sustainability Assessment of the Housing System: Exploring the Interplay between the Material and Social Systems

from Part IV - Focal Points of Urban Sustainability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2020

Claudia R. Binder
Affiliation:
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Romano Wyss
Affiliation:
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Emanuele Massaro
Affiliation:
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Get access

Summary

The chapter focuses on the housing sector as an important component of urban systems. It advances a broader understanding of the interplay between the material system (material and energy resources used in housing systems) and the social system (social norms, traditions) as a part of an integrative sustainability assessment of housing. To guide our analysis, we adopt different methodological approaches, which allow us to couple the material management goals derived from the analysis of the material system with the social options and constraints that affect whether these goals are achieved. This takes place, more specifically, in the context of shrinking housing size. We propose a set of indicators for assessing the housing system. Additionally, we display their interrelations, and the roles they play within the system: we identify the indicators that drive or monitor the performance of the housing system and subsystems, and the actors, life-cycle stages, and material management goals that these address. Finally, we propose to use this approach for analysing and assessing the current state of the housing system, but also for governing it and addressing the need for shrinking housing’s environmental footprint.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Akadiri, P. O., Chinyio, E. A., & Olomolaiye, P. O. (2012). Design of a sustainable building: A conceptual framework for implementing sustainability in the building sector. Buildings, 2(2), 126152. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings2020126.Google Scholar
Allwood, J. M., Ashby, M. F., Gutowski, T. G., & Worrell, E. (2011). Material efficiency: A white paper. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(3), 362381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2010.11.002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baccini, P., & Brunner, P. H. (2012). Metabolism of the Anthroposphere: Analysis, Evaluation, Design (2nd edition). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Bala, B. K., Arshad, F. M., & Noh, K. M. (2017). Causal Loop Diagrams, 37–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2045-2_3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Belcher, J. C., & Vazquez-Calcerrada, P. B. (1972). A cross-cultural approach to the social functions of housing. Journal of Marriage and Family, 34(4), 750761. www.jstor.org/stable/350328.Google Scholar
Berardi, U. (2012). Sustainability assessment in the construction sector: Rating systems and rated buildings. Sustainable Development, 20(6), 411424. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beshears, J., & Gino, F. (2015). Leaders as decision architects. Harvard Business Review, 2015(May). https://doi.org/102262149.Google Scholar
Binder, C. R. (2007). From material flow analysis to material flow management. Part II: the role of structural agent analysis. Journal of Cleaner Production, 15(17), 16051617. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2006.08.017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binder, C. R, Hutter, M., Pang, M., & Webb, R. (2020). System science and sustainability assessment. In Binder, C. R., Massaro, E, & Wyss, R (eds.), Sustainability Assessment in Urban Systems. Cambridge University Press, pp. 3064.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Binder, C. R., Baldi, M. G., Gex, B., & Massaro, E. (2020b). The sustainability solution space. In Binder, C. R., Massaro, E, & Wyss, R (eds.), Sustainability Assessment in Urban Systems. Cambridge University Press, pp. 181208.Google Scholar
Blumer, D. (2012). Vermietungskriterien der Gemeinnützigen Wohnbauträger in der Schweiz. Eine Studie zur Anwendung von Belegungsvorgaben und Einkommenslimiten bei 1000 gemeinnützigen Wohnbauträgern. BWO. www.bwo.admin,ch/dokumentation.Google Scholar
Brunner, P. H., & Rechberger, H. (2005). Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis. New York: Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
Brunner, P., & Rechberger, H. (2017). Handbook of Material Flow Analysis: For Environmental, Resource, and Waste Engineers (2nd edition). Boca Raton: CRC Press.Google Scholar
Bundesamt für Statistik. (2008). Haushaltsszenarien – Entwicklung der Privathaushalte zwischen 2005 und 2030. BSF Aktuell, 112.Google Scholar
Chen, W.-Q., & Graedel, T. E. (2015). In-use product stocks link manufactured capital to natural capital. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(20), 62656270. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1406866112.Google Scholar
Cherry, E., & Petronis, J. (2016). Architectural Programming. www.wbdg.org/design-disciplines/architectural-programming.Google Scholar
Clune, S., Morrissey, J., & Moore, T. (2012). Size matters: House size and thermal efficiency as policy strategies to reduce net emissions of new developments. Energy Policy, 48, 657667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.05.072.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
EEA & FOEN. (2016). Urban Sprawl in Europe. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470692066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
European Commission. (2014). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on resource efficiency opportunities in the building sector. Brussels.Google Scholar
European Commission. (2016). EU Construction and Demolition Waste Protocol. Brussels.Google Scholar
European Parliament. (2008). Directive 2008/98/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on Waste and Repealing Certain Directives (Text with EEA relevance). Official Journal of the European Union.Google Scholar
Evans, A. W., & Hartwich, O. M. (2005). Unaffordable Housing: Fables and Myths. London.Google Scholar
Fischer-Kowalski, M., Krausmann, F., Giljum, S., et al. (2011). Methodology and indicators of economy-wide material flow accounting: State of the art and reliability across sources. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 15(6), 855876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00366.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FOEN. (2001). Bauabfälle Schweiz – Mengen, Perspektiven und Entsorgungswege. Band 1: Kennwerte [Construction and demolition waste in Switzerland – amounts, perspectives and disposal routes. Volume 1: Statistical values]. Umwelt-Materialien. Bern: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN).Google Scholar
Friege, J., Holtz, G., & Chappin, É. J. L. (2016) . Exploring homeowners’ insulation activity. Jasss, 19(1), 120. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.2941.Google Scholar
Fries, D., Hasenmaile, F., Hürzeler, F., et al. (2017). Tenants wanted. Investment Solutions & Products: Economic Research, Swiss Real (March).Google Scholar
Froemelt, A., Dürrenmatt, D. J., & Hellweg, S. (2018). Using data mining to assess environmental impacts of household consumption behaviors. Environmental Science & Technology, 52(15), 84678478. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b01452.Google Scholar
Gauvain, M., & Altman, I. (1982). A cross-cultural analysis of homes. Architecture & Comportement, 2(1), 2746.Google Scholar
Giddens, A. (1978). New Rules of Sociological Methods. London: Hutchinson.Google Scholar
Gordon, T. J., & Hayward, H. (1968). Initial experiments with the cross impact matrix method of forecasting. Futures, 1(2), 100116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-3287(68)80003-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grams, A. (2018). Playing with Density: the Compass for Inward Development as a Problem-Focused Methodology for Densification in Small and Medium-Sized Communes (Vol. 8). Zürich: vdf Hochschulverlag.Google Scholar
Halla, P., & Binder, C. R. (2020). Sustainability Assessment: Introduction and Framework. In Binder, C. R., Massaro, E, & Wyss, R (eds.), Sustainability Assessment in Urban Systems. Cambridge University Press, pp. 729.Google Scholar
Heeren, N. (2017). Modelling environmental impacts of building: Energy, material, and dynamics. ETH Zurich. https://doi.org/10.3929/ETHZ-B-000225616.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeren, N., & Hellweg, S. (2018). Tracking construction material over space and time: Prospective and geo-referenced modeling of building stocks and construction material flows. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 23(1), 253267. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heeren, N., Jakob, M., Martius, G., Gross, N., & Wallbaum, H. (2013). A component based bottom-up building stock model for comprehensive environmental impact assessment and target control. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 20, 4556. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.11.064.Google Scholar
Heeren, N., Mutel, C. L., Steubing, B., Ostermeyer, Y., Wallbaum, H., & Hellweg, S. (2015). Environmental impact of buildings – What Matters? Environmental Science and Technology, 49(16), 98329841. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b01735.Google Scholar
Hollberg, A., Tschetwertak, J., Schneider, S., & Habert, G. (2018). Design-integrated LCA using early BIM. In Benetto, E, Gericke, K, & Guiton, M (eds.), Designing Sustainable Technologies, Products and Policies: From Science to Innovation. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 269279. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66981-6_30.Google Scholar
Hondo, H., Moriizumi, Y., & Sakao, T. (2006). A method for technology selection considering environmental and socio-economic impacts: Input-output optimization model and its application to housing policy. International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 11(6), 383393. https://doi.org/10.1065/lca2006.03.245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hügi, M., Gerber, P., Hauser, A., et al. (2008). Abfallwirtschaftsbericht 2008. Zahlen und Entwicklungen der schweizerischen Abfallwirtschaft 2005–2007. Bern: Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN).Google Scholar
IPCC. (2014). Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (Edenhofer, O, Pichs-Madruga, R, Sokona, E. F. Y., Kadner, S, Seyboth, K, Adler, A, … Minx, J. C., eds.), Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, UK, and New York: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415416.Google Scholar
IRP. (2017). Green Technology Choices: The Environmental and Resource Implications of Low-Carbon Technologies. Suh, S., Bergesen, J., Gibon, T. J., Hertwich, E., Taptich, M. A report of the International Resource Panel. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment Programme.Google Scholar
IRP. (2018). The Weight of Cities: Resource Requirements of Future Urbanization. Swilling, M., Hajer, M., Baynes, T., Bergesen, J., Labbé, F., Musango, J. K., Ramaswami, A., Robinson, B., Salat, S., Suh, S., Currie, P., Fang, A., Hanson, A. Kruit, K., Reiner, M., Smit, S., Tabory, S. A Report by the International Resource Panel. Nairobi, Kenya: United Nations Environment ProgrammeGoogle Scholar
Jin, R., Yuan, H., & Chen, Q. (2020). Science mapping approach to assisting the review of construction and demolition waste management research published between 2009 and 2018. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 140(May 2018), 175188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.09.029.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoeri, C., Binder, C. R., & Althaus, H.-J. (2011). An agent operationalization approach for context specific agent-based modeling. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.1729.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Knoeri, C., Binder, C. R., & Althaus, H. J. (2011). Decisions on recycling: Construction stakeholders’ decisions regarding recycled mineral construction materials. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 55(11), 10391050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.05.018.Google Scholar
Knoeri, C., Nikolic, I., Althaus, H.-J., & Binder, C. R. (2014). Enhancing recycling of construction materials: An agent based model with empirically based decision parameters. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 17(3), 10. https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.2528.Google Scholar
Krausmann, F., Wiedenhofer, D., Lauk, C., et al. (2017). Global socioeconomic material stocks rise 23-fold over the 20th century and require half of annual resource use. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(8), 18801885. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1613773114.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R. J. (1987a). Housing, Dwellings and Homes: Design Theory, Research and Practice. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R. J. (1987b). What makes a house a home? Environment and Behavior, 19(2), 154168. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916587192004.Google Scholar
Lawrence, R. J. (2004). Housing and health: From interdisciplinary principles to transdisciplinary research and practice. Futures, 36(4), 487502. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2003.10.001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lovell, H. (2004). Framing sustainable housing as a solution to climate change. Journal of Environmental Policy and Planning, 6(1), 3555. https://doi.org/10.1080/1523908042000259677.Google Scholar
Marca, D., & McGowan, C. L. (1987). SADT: Structured Analysis and Design Technique. New York: McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Mateus, R., & Bragança, L. (2011). Sustainability assessment and rating of buildings: Developing the methodology SBToolPT–H. Building and Environment, 46(10), 19621971. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2011.04.023.Google Scholar
Meadows, D. H. (2008). Thinking in Systems: A Primer. (Wright, D, ed.). London: Chelsea Green Publishing. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9910100084402121.Google Scholar
Mißler-Behr, M. (1993). Methoden der Szenarioanalyse. Deutscher Universitätsverlag. https://books.google.ch/books?id=_486AAAACAAJ.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moura, M. C. P., Smith, S. J., & Belzer, D. B. (2015). 120 years of U.S. residential housing stock and floor space. PLoS ONE, 10(8), 118. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134135.Google Scholar
Müller, D. B., Liu, G., Løvik, A. N., et al. (2013). Carbon emissions of infrastructure development. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(20), 1173911746. https://doi.org/10.1021/es402618 m.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
OECD. (2012). Compact City Policies: A Comparative Assessment (OECD Green). OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Pattaroni, L., & Marmy, V. (2016). Les coopératives de logements dans le canton de Vaud. Lausanne: Département des institutions et de la sécurité (DIS), Service des communes et du logement (SCL).Google Scholar
Prochorskaite, A., Couch, C., Malys, N., & Maliene, V. (2016). Housing stakeholder preferences for the “soft” features of sustainable and healthy housing design in the UK. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13010111.Google Scholar
Schilling, T., Mühlemeier, S., Wyss, R., & Binder, C. R. (2020). A Concept for Sustainability Transition Assessment (STA): A Dynamic Systems Perspective Informed by Resilience Thinking. In Binder, C. R., Massaro, E, & Wyss, R (eds.), Sustainability Assessment in Urban Systems. Cambridge University Press, pp. 123138.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scholz, R. W., & Tietje, O. (2002). Embedded Case Study Methods: Integrating Quantitative And Qualitative Knowledge. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.Google Scholar
Schultz, P. W., Nolan, J. M., Cialdini, R. B., Goldstein, N. J., & Griskevicius, V. (2007). The constructive, destructive, and reconstructive power of social norms. Psychological Science, 18(5), 429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01917.x.Google Scholar
Seyfang, G. (2010). Community action for sustainable housing: Building a low-carbon future. Energy Policy, 38(12), 76247633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.10.027.Google Scholar
Silva, R. V., De Brito, J., & Dhir, R. K. (2014). Properties and composition of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste suitable for concrete production. Construction and Building Materials, 65(August), 201217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.117.Google Scholar
Soust-Verdaguer, B., Llatas, C., & García-Martínez, A. (2017). Critical review of BIM-based LCA method to buildings. Energy and Buildings, 136, 110120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.12.009.Google Scholar
Spoerri, A., Lang, D. J., Binder, C. R., & Scholz, R. W. (2009). Expert-based scenarios for strategic waste and resource management planning: C&D waste recycling in the Canton of Zurich, Switzerland. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 53(10), 592600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2009.04.011.Google Scholar
Sterman, J. D. (2006). Learning from evidence in a complex world. American Journal of Public Health, 96(3), 505514. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2005.066043.Google Scholar
Støa, E., & Aune, M. (2012). Sustainable housing cultures. In International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home (Vol. 7). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-047163-1.00556-7.Google Scholar
Swiss Federal Statistical Office. (2011). Living, building: Switzerland’s built environment. Values, (2), 28.Google Scholar
Swiss Federal Statistical Office. (2018). Building and Dwelling Statistics. Neuchâtel, Switzerland:Google Scholar
UN – DESA. (2017). World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs. https://population.un.org/wpp/Google Scholar
UNHCR & UN-Habitat. (2012). The Right to Adequate Housing, 21(21). https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.Google Scholar
United Nations. (2018). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2018 Revision. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division.Google Scholar
United States Census Bureau. (2018). Highlights of Annual 2017 Characteristics of New Housing. Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) US Department of Housing and Urban Development.Google Scholar
Waddell, P. (2002). UrbanSim: Modeling urban development for land use, transportation, and environmental planning. Journal of the American Planning Association, 68(3), 297314. https://doi.org/10.1080/01944360208976274.Google Scholar
Wiek, A., & Binder, C. (2005). Solution spaces for decision-making: A sustainability assessment tool for city-regions. Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 25(6), 589608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2004.09.009.Google Scholar
Williams, J. (2006). Innovative solutions for averting a potential resource crisis: The case of one-person households in England and Wales. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 9(3), 325354. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-006-9068-x.Google Scholar
Wilson, A., & Boehland, J. (2008). Small is Beautiful: U.S. house size, resource use, and the environment. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 9(1–2), 277287. https://doi.org/10.1162/1088198054084680.Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO) (2010). Developing guidance for health protection in the built environment: Mitigation and adaptation responses Meeting report. International Workshop on Housing, Health and Climate Change.Google Scholar
Yang, L., Yan, H., & Lam, J. C. (2014). Thermal comfort and building energy consumption implications: A review. Applied Energy, 115, 164173. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.062.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youcai, Z., & Sheng, H. (2017). Pollution Control and Resource Recovery: Industrial Construction and Demolition Wastes. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811754-5.00001-4.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×