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from Part III - The Shrine
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 07 May 2021
The greatest source of wealth for Ahmad-i Jam’s progeny and shrine was their control of hydrological systems (aqueducts, canals, dams, water mills, sluices, etc.) and agricultural production in the provinces of Bakharz, Fushanj, Harat-Rud, Jam, Khwaf, and Kusuyi. In the wake of the Mongol irruptions, peasants not murdered or deported, or fleeced by rapacious Mongol viceroys, fled to safer locales. The Ilkhanids and Kartids recognized the urgency of rebuilding ruined hydrological systems and revitalizing fallow lands (ihyaʾ al-mawat); and enticing wary peasants to return and to farm. Responsibility for managing irrigation and improving food production was shifted to Islamic institutions (e.g., shrines and mosques), which consequently became wealthy and influential. Timurids built on Kartid and Ilkhanid socioeconomic policies. Jamis received fiscal and legal immunities (muʿafi) and land grants (soyurghal) from the Timurids.
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