Bibliography

Simon Mabon

doi:10.1017/9781108603690.010

Abdo, G. The New Sectarianism: The Arab Uprisings and the Rebirth of the Shi’a-Sunni Divide (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Abrahamian, E. Khomeinism: Essays on the Islamic Republic (Berkley: University of California Press, 1993).Google Scholar

AbuKhalil, A. ‘Determinants and Characteristics of the Saudi Role in Lebanon: The Post-Civil War Years’, in al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.), Kingdom without Borders (London: Hurst, 2008), 79–97.Google Scholar

Achcar, G. The 33-Day War: Israel’s War on Hezbollah in Lebanon and Its Aftermath (London: Saqi, 2007).Google Scholar

Agnew, J. and Corbridge, S.. Mastering Space: Hegemony, Territory and International Political Economy (London: Routledge, 1995).Google Scholar

Ahmadian, H. and Mohseni, P.. ‘Iran’s Syria Strategy: The Evolution of Deterrence’, in Osinga, F. and Sweijs, T. (eds.), NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020 (The Hague: Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies, 2021), 341–64.Google Scholar

Ajami, F. ‘The End of Pan-Arabism’, Foreign Affairs Winter (1978/79), 355–73.Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, S. ‘Why Does Iran Need Hizbollah?’, The Muslim World 106:1 (2016), 127–40.Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, S. and Ahmed, Z. S.. ‘Impacts of Saudi Hegemony on the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)’, International Journal of Politics, Culture and Society 31:3 (2018), 297–311.CrossRef Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, S. and Connor, K.. ‘The Organization of the Islamic Conference: Sharing an Illusion’, Middle East Policy 12:2 (2005), 79–92.Google Scholar

Akbarzadeh, S., Gourlay, W., and Ehteshami, A.. ‘Iranian Proxies in the Syrian Conflict: Tehran’s “Forward-defence” in Action’, Journal of Strategic Studies (2022), 1–24.Google Scholar

Alagha, J. Hizbullah’s Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto (Amsterdam: Pallas Publications, 2011).Google Scholar

Algar, H. Wahhabism: A Critical Essay (New York: Islamic Publications International, 2002).Google Scholar

Al Haj Saleh, Y. The Impossible Revolution: Making Sense of the Syrian Tragedy (London: Hurst, 2017)Google Scholar

Alhasan, H. ‘The Role of Iran in the Failed Coup of 1981: The IFLB in Bahrain’, Middle East Journal 65:4 (2011), 603–17.Google Scholar

al-Hoss, S. Lubnan ala al-Muftaraq [Lebanon at the Crossroads] (Beirut: Beirut Arab Center, 1984).Google Scholar

al-Kadhem, N. Isti’malat al-dhakira fi mujtama ‘ta ‘taduddi mubtala bi al-tarikh [Uses of Memory in a Multicultural Society Burdened with History] (Manama Bahrain: Maktaba Fakhrawi, 2008).Google Scholar

al-Najjar, B. S. al-Harakat al-Diniyyah fi al-Khalij al-Arabi [Religious Movements in the Arab Gulf] (London: Dar al Saqi Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Al-Rasheed, M. Politics in an Arabian Oasis: Rashidis of Saudi Arabia (London: I. B. Tauris, 1997).Google Scholar

Al-Rasheed, M. (ed.). Salman’s Legacy. The Dilemmas of a New Era in Saudi Arabia (London: Hurst, 2018).Google Scholar

Al-Rasheed, M. and Vitalis, R.. Counter-narratives: History, Contemporary Society, and Politics in Saudi Arabia and Yemen (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).Google Scholar

Allinson, J. The Struggle for the State in Jordan: The Social Origins of Alliances in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 2016).Google Scholar

AlShehabi, O. H. Contested Modernity: Sectarianism, Nationalism and Colonialism in Bahrain (London: Oneworld, 2019).Google Scholar

Alvandi, R. ‘Muhammad Reza Pahlavi and the Bahrain Question, 1968–1970’, British Journal of Middle East Studies 37:2 (2010), 159–77.Google Scholar

Aras, B. and Yorulmazlar, E.. ‘Mideast Geopolitics: The Struggle for a New Order’, Middle East Policy 24:2 (2017), 57–69.Google Scholar

Ataie, M. ‘Revolutionary Iran’s 1979 Endeavor in Lebanon’, Middle East Policy 20:2 (2013), 137–57.CrossRef Google Scholar

Ayubi, N. N. Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Arab World (London: Routledge, 1991).Google Scholar

Babakhan, A. ‘The Deportation of Shi‘a during the Iran–Iraq War: Causes and Consequences’, in Abdul-Jabar, Faleh (ed.), Ayatollahs, Sufis, and Ideologues: State, Religion, and Social Movements in Iraq (London: Saqi Books, 2002), 192–200.Google Scholar

Badie, D. After Saddam: American Foreign Policy and the Destruction of Secularism in the Middle East (New York/London: Lexington Books, 2017).Google Scholar

Bakhash, S. ‘Iran’s Relations with Israel, Syria and Lebanoin’, in Rezun, Miron (ed.), Iran at the Crossroads: Global Relations in a Turbulent Decade (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1990), 116–17.Google Scholar

Batatu, H. ‘Iraq’s Underground Shi’a Movements’, MER102 (1981), www.merip.org/mer/mer102/iraqs-underground-shii-movements.CrossRef Google Scholar

Batatu, H. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements in Iraq (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).Google Scholar

Batatu, H. The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary Movements of Iraq: A Study of Iraq’s Old Landed and Commercial Classes and of Its Communits, Ba’athists and Free Officers (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978).Google Scholar

Baumann, H. Citizen Hariri: Lebanon’s Neo-Liberal Reconstruction (London: Hurst, 2016).Google Scholar

Becherer, R. ‘A Matter of Life and Debt: The Untold Costs of Rafiq Hariri’s New Beirut’, Journal of Architecture 10:1 (2005), 1–42.CrossRef Google Scholar

Belcastro, F. ‘An Odd ‘Foreign Policy Couple’? Syria and Saudi Arabia 1970–1989’, Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies 22:1 (2020), 29–46.Google Scholar

Bell, G. A Woman in Arabia: The Writings of the Queen of the Desert (New York: Penguin, 2015).Google Scholar

Berger, P. The Sacred Canopy (New York: Doubleday, 1967).Google Scholar

Berti, B. and Guzansky, Y.. ‘Saudi Arabia’s Foreign Policy on Iran and the Proxy War in Syria: Toward a New Chapter?’, Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs 8:3 (2014), 25–34.Google Scholar

Blanford, N. Killing Mr Lebanon: The Assassination of Rafik Hariri and Its Impact on the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris, 2006).Google Scholar

Blanga, Y. U. ‘The Role of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Syrian Civil War’, Middle East Policy 24:3 (2017), 45–62.Google Scholar

Blanga, Y. U. ‘Saudi Arabia’s Motives in the Syrian Civil War’, Middle East Policy 24:4 (2017), 45–62.Google Scholar

Bonnefoy, L. ‘The Salafis and the War in Yemen’, forthcoming.Google Scholar

Bonnefoy, L. ‘Salafism in Yemen: A “Saudisation”?’, in al-Rasheed, Madawi (ed.), Kingdom without Borders (London: Hurst, 2008), 245–62.Google Scholar

Bonnefoy, L. Salafism in Yemen: Transnationalism and Religious Identity (London: Hurst, 2012).Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. ‘The Forms of Capital’, in Richardson, J. (ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York: Greenwood, 1986), 241–58.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. Language and Symbolic Power (Cambridge: Polity, 1991).Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. The Logic of Practice (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1980).Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. In Other Words: Essays Towards a Reflexive Sociology (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. Pascalian Meditations (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. ‘Postface’, in Panofsky, Erwin, Architecture gothique et pensée scolastique (Paris: Editions de Minuit, 1967), 133–67.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. ‘Rethinking the State: Genesis and Structure of the Bureaucratic Field’, Sociological Theory 12:1 (1994), 1–18.Google Scholar

Bourdieu, P. and Wacquant, L. J. D.. An Invitation to Reflexive Sociology (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Brandt, M. ‘Sufyan’s “Hybrid” War: Tribal Politics during the Huthi Conflict’, Journal of Arabian Studies: Arabia, the Gulf, and the Red Sea 3:1 (2013), 120–38.CrossRef Google Scholar

Brandt, M. Tribes and Politics in Yemen: A History of the Houthi Conflict (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017).Google Scholar

Bronson, R. ‘Understanding US-Saudi Relations’, in Aarts, Paul and Nonneman, Gerd (eds.), Saudi Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs (London: Hurst, 2005), 372–98.Google Scholar

Brubaker, R. ‘Religious Dimensions of Political Conflict and Violence’, Sociological Theory 33:1 (2015), 1–19.Google Scholar

Burrowes, R. ‘The Republic of Yemen’, in Hudson, Michael (ed.), The Middle East Dilemma (New York: Columbia University Press, 1991) 187–214.Google Scholar

Buzan, B. and Lawson, G.. ‘Capitalism and the Emergent World Order’, International Affairs 90:1 (2014), 71–91.Google Scholar

Buzan, B. and Wæver, O.. Regions and Powers (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003).CrossRef Google Scholar

Buzan, B., Wæver, O., and de Wilde, J.. Security: A New Framework for Analysis (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1998).Google Scholar

Cammett, M. Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press).Google Scholar

Caporaso, J. A. ‘Across the Great Divide: Integrating Comparative and International Politics’, International Studies Quarterly 41:4 (1997), 563–92.Google Scholar

Chalala, E. ‘Syria’s Support of Iran in the Gulf War: The Role of Structural Change and the Emergence of a Relatively Strong State’, Journal of Arab Affairs 7:2 (1988), 119.Google Scholar

Charif, H. ‘Regional Development and Integration’, in Collings, Deirdre (ed.), Peace for Lebanon? (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 1993), 151–2.Google Scholar

Chilcot, J. The Report of the Iraq Inquiry: Report of a Committee of Privy Counsellors, Vol. 8 (London: Crown Copyright, 2016).Google Scholar

Chubin, S. and Tripp, C., Iran-Saudi Arabia Relations and Regional Order (London: Oxford University Press for IISS, 1996).Google Scholar

Clausen, M. L. ‘Understanding the Crisis in Yemen: Evaluating Competing Narratives’, The International Spectator 50:3 (2015), 16–29.Google Scholar

Commins, D. D. The Wahhabi Mission and Saudi Arabia (London: I. B. Tauris, 2006).Google Scholar

Coughlin, C. Khomeini’s Ghost (London: Macmillan, 2009).Google Scholar

Dabashi, H. The Arab Spring: The End of Postcolonialism (New York: Zed Books, 2012).Google Scholar

Dalby, S. ‘Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries: Political Geography and International Relations after the Cold War’, in Kofman, Eleonore and Youngs, Gillian (eds.), Globalization: Theory and Practice (London and New York: Pinter, 1996), 29–42.Google Scholar

Darwich, M. ‘The Saudi Intervention in Yemen: Struggling for Status’, Insight Turkey 20:2 (2018), 125–42.Google Scholar

David, S. R. ‘Explaining Third World Alignments’, World Politics 43:2 (1991), 233–56.Google Scholar

Dawisha, A. Iraq: A Political History from Independence to Occupation (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Dazi-Héni, F. ‘The New Saudi Leadership and Its Impact on Regional Policy’, The International Spectator 56:4 (2021), 49–65.Google Scholar

De Chatal, F. ‘The Role of Drought and Climate Change in the Syrian Uprising: Untangling the Triggers of the Revolution’, Middle Eastern Studies 50:4 (2014), 521–35.Google Scholar

De Elvira, L. and Zintil, T.. ‘The End of the Ba’athist Social Contract in Bashar al-Asad’s Syria: Reading Sociopolitical Transformations through Charities and Broader Benevolent Activism’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 46:2 (2014), 329–49.Google Scholar

Dezalay, Y. and Garth, B. G.. ‘Hegemonic Battles, Professional Rivalries, and the International Division of Labor in the Market for the Import and Export of State-Governing Expertise’, International Political Sociology 5 (2011), 276–93.Google Scholar

Diwan Smith, K. ‘Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf’, in Potter, Lawrence (ed.), Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf (London: Hurst, 2013), 143–78.Google Scholar

Dodds, K. Global Geopolitics: A Critical Introduction (Harlow: Pearson Education, 2005).Google Scholar

Dodge, T. ‘Beyond Structure and Agency: Rethinking Political Identities in Iraq After 2003’, Nations and Nationalism 26:1 (2020), 108–22.Google Scholar

Dodge, T. ‘“Bourdieu Goes to Baghdad”: Explaining Hybrid Political Identities in Iraq’, Journal of Historical Sociology 31: 1 (2018), 25–38.Google Scholar

Dodge, T. ‘The Failure of Peacebuilding in Iraq: The Role of Consociationalism and Political Settlements’, Journal of Intervention and Statebuilding, 15:4 (2021), 459–75.Google Scholar

Dodge, T. ‘Iraq and Muhassasa Tai’fiyya; The External Imposition of Sectarian Politics’, in Mabon, Simon (ed.), Saudi Arabia and Iran: The Struggle to Shape the Middle East (London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2018), 13–14Google Scholar

Dodge, T. and Mansour, R.. ‘Sectarianization and De-sectarianization in the Struggle for Iraq’s Political Field’, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 18:1 (2020), 58–69.Google Scholar

Dorlian, S. ‘The Saada War in Yemen: Between Politics and Sectarianism’, The Muslim World 101:2 (2011), 182–201.Google Scholar

Droz-Vincent, P. ‘“State of Barbary” (Take Two): From the Arab Spring to the Return of Violence in Syria’, Middle East Journal 68:1 (2014), 33–58.Google Scholar

Dunbar, C. ‘The Unification of Yemen: Process, Politics, and Prospects’, Middle East Journal 46:3 (1992), 456–76.Google Scholar

Dubar, C. and Nasr, S.. al-Tabakat al-Ijtimaiyya Fi Lubnan [Social Classes in Lebanon] (Beirut: Arab Research Institute, 1982).Google Scholar

Durac, V. ‘Yemen’s Arab Spring – Democratic Opening or Regime Maintenance?’, Mediterranean Politics, 17:2 (2012), 161–78.Google Scholar

Ehteshami, A. ‘The Foreign Policy of Iran’, in Hinnebusch, Raymond and Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (eds.), The Middle East in the International System (London: Lynne Reiner, 2002), 283–309.Google Scholar

Ehteshami, A. and Hinnebush, R. A.. Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System (London: Routledge, 1997).Google Scholar

El-Gemayel, A. ‘Public International Law in Lebanon’, in El-Gemayel, A. (ed.), The Lebanese Legal System (Washington, DC: International Law Institute, 1985), 445.Google Scholar

El-Husseini, R. ‘Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria’, Third World Quarterly 31:5 (2010), 803–15.CrossRef Google Scholar

El-Husseini, R. ‘Lebanon: Building Political Dynasties’, in Perthes, Volker (ed.), Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of Change (Boulder, CO: Lynne Reinner, 2004), 242.Google Scholar

Emirbayer, M. and Johnson, V.. ‘Bourdieu and Organizational Analysis’, Theoretical Sociology 37 (2008), 1–44.Google Scholar

Esfandiary, D. and Tabatabai, A.. ‘Yemen: An Opportunity for Iran-Saudi Dialogue?’ Washington Quarterly 39:2 (2016).Google Scholar

Farhi, F. ‘Creating a National Identity amidst Contentious Politics in Contemporary Iran’, in Katouzian, Homa and Shahidi, Hossein (eds.), Iran in the 21st Century, Politics, Economics and Conflict (Oxon: Routledge, 2008), 13–27.Google Scholar

Farquar, M. Circuits of Faith: Migration, Education, and the Wahhabi Mission (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Farquhar, M. ‘Saudi Petrodollars, Spiritual Capital, and the Islamic University of Medina: A Wahhabi Missionary Project in Transnational Perspective’, International Journal of Middle East Studies 47:4 (2015), 701–21.Google Scholar

Fattah, K. ‘Yemen: A Social Intifada in a Republic of Sheiks’, Middle East Policy 18:3 (2011), 79–85.Google Scholar

Ferris, J. Nasser’s Gamble: How Intervention in Yemen Caused the Six-Day War and the Decline of Egyptian Power (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Fisher, W. B. ‘Lebanon’, in Middle East and North Africa, 1988 (London: Europa, 1987), 554–82.Google Scholar

Fregonese, S. ‘The Urbicide of Beirut? Geopolitics and the Built Environment in the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1976)’, Political Geography 38 (2009), 309–18.Google Scholar

Fuccaro, N. Histories of City and State in the Persian Gulf: Manama since 1800 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009).Google Scholar

Fuller, G. E. and Francke, R. R., The Arab Shi’a: The Forgotten Muslims (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1999).Google Scholar

Fraihat, I. Iran and Saudi Arabia: Taming a Chaotic Conflict (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020).CrossRef Google Scholar

Furtig, H. Iran’s Rivalry with Saudi Arabia Between the Gulf Wars (Reading: Ithaca Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Gambill, G. C. and Nassif, D.. ‘Lebanon’s Parliamentary Elections: Manufacturing Dissent’, Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 2:8 (2000), www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0009_l1.htm.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. ‘Balancing What? Threat Perceptions and Alliance Choice in the Gulf’, Security Studies 13:2 (2003/4), 273–305.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. Beyond Sectarianism: The New Middle East Cold War (Brookings: Brookings Doha Centre, 2014).Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. ‘Ideologies, Alliances, and Underbalancing in the New Middle East Cold War’, International Relations Theory and a Changing Middle East, 16 (2015), 16–20.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. ‘Ideologies, Alignments, and Underbalancing in the New Middle East Cold War’, PS: Political Science & Politics 50:3 (2017), 672–5.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. Saudi Arabia and Regional Leadership: The Impossibility of Hegemony (Singapore: Middle East Institute, 2020).Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990).Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. ‘Sovereignty, Statecraft, and Stability in the Middle East’, Journal of International Affairs 45 (1992), 441–67.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. and Yom, S. L.. ‘Resilient Royals: How Arab Monarchies Hang On’, Journal of Democracy 23:4 (2012), 74–88.Google Scholar

Gelvin, J. L. Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire (Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1998).Google Scholar

Gengler, J. ‘Understanding Sectarianism in the Persian Gulf’, in Potter, Lawrence (ed.), Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf (London: Hurst, 2013), 31–66.Google Scholar

Gengler, J. ‘Royal Factionalism, the Khawalid, and the Securitization of “the Shi‘a Problem” in Bah-rain’, Journal of Arabian Studies 3:1 (2013), 53–79.Google Scholar

Gengler, J. Group Conflict and Political Mobilization in Bahrain and the Arab Gulf: Rethinking the Rentier State (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2015).Google Scholar

Gerges, F. A. ‘The Kennedy Administration and the Egyptian-Saudi Conflict in Yemen: Co-Opting Arab Nationalism’, Middle East Journal 49:2 (1995), 292–311.Google Scholar

Goetze, C. The Distinction of Peace: A Social Analysis of Peacebuilding (Michigan: University of Michigan Press).Google Scholar

Goldberg, J. ‘The Saudi Arabian Kingdom’, in Rabinovich, Itovar and Shaked, Haim (eds.), Middle East Contemporary Survey, vol. XI:1987 (Boulder : Westview Press, 1987), 589.Google Scholar

Goodarzi, J. M. Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Alliance and Power Politics in the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris, 2009).Google Scholar

Guzansky, Y. ‘The Nature of the Radical Axis’, Military and Strategic Affairs 2:2 (2010), 59–77.Google Scholar

Haas, M. L. ‘Ideological Polarity and Balancing in Great Power Politics’, Security Studies 23:4 (2014), 715–53.Google Scholar

Haddad, F. ‘From Existential Struggle to Political Banality: The Politics of Sect in Post-2003 Iraq’, The Review of Faith & International Affairs 18:1 (2020), 70–86.Google Scholar

Haddad, F. Sectarianism in Iraq: Antagonistic Views of Reality (New York : Columbia University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Haddad, F. ‘Sectarian Relations in Arab Iraq: Contextualising the Civil War of 2006–2007’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 40:2 (2013), 115–38.Google Scholar

Halliday, F. Nation and Religion in the Middle East (London: Saqi Books, 2000).Google Scholar

Halliday, F. The Middle East in International Relations: Power, Politics and Ideology (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005).Google Scholar

Hamieh, C. S. and Mac Ginty, R.. ‘A Very Political Reconstruction: Governance and Reconstruction in Lebanon after the 2006 War’, Disasters 34:1 (2010), 103–23.Google Scholar

Harknett, R. and Vandenberg, J.. ‘Alignment Theory and Interrelated Threats: Jordan and the Persian Gulf Crisis’, Security Studies 6:3 (1997), 112–53.Google Scholar

Harvey, K. A Self Fulfilling Prophecy: The Saudi Struggle for Iraq (London: Hurst, 2021).Google Scholar

Hashim, A. S. ‘Military Power and State Formation in Modern Iraq’, Middle East Policy x/4 (2003), 29–47.Google Scholar

Hashemi, N. and Postel, D.. ‘Sectarianization: Mapping the New Politics of the Middle East’, The Review of Faith & International Affairs 15:3 (2017), 1–13.Google Scholar

Hashmi, S. H. ‘International Society and Its Islamic Malcontents’, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 13 (1996), 13–29.Google Scholar

Hazbun, W. ‘The Politics of Insecurity in the Arab World: A View from Beirut’, Political Science &Politics 50:3 (2017), 656–9.Google Scholar

Heydemann, S. ‘The Syrian Conflict: Proxy War, Pyrrhic Victory, and Power-Sharing Agreements’, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 20:2 (2020), 153–60.Google Scholar

Hill, G. Yemen Endures: Civil War, Saudi Adventurism and the Future of Arabia (London: Hurst, 2017).Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, R. The International Politics of the Middle East (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003).Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, R. Pax‐Syriana? The Origins, Causes and Consequences of Syria’s Role in Lebanon, Mediterranean Politics 3:1 (1998), 137–60.Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, R. ‘Syria: From “Authoritarian Upgrading” to Revolution?’, International Affairs 88:1 (2012), 95–113.Google Scholar

Hinnebusch, R., and Ehteshami, A. (eds.) The Foreign Policies of Middle East States (Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner, 2002).Google Scholar

Hiro, D. Cold War in the Islamic World: Saudi Arabia, Iran and the Struggle for Supremacy (London: Hurst, 2019).Google Scholar

Hokayem, E. ‘Iran, the Gulf States and the Syrian Civil War’, Survival 56:6 (2014), 59–86.Google Scholar

Holden, D. and Johns, R.. The House of Saud (London: Pan Macmillan, 1982).Google Scholar

Hooshang, A. and Entessar, N. (eds.) Iran and the Arab World (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993).Google Scholar

Hourani, A. A History of the Arab Peoples (London: Faber & Faber, 2005).Google Scholar

Hudson, M. ‘The Breakdown of Democracy in Lebanon’, Journal of International Affairs 38:2 (1985), 277–92.Google Scholar

Hudson, M. The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in Lebanon (New York: Random House, 1968).Google Scholar

Hudson, M. C. ‘Trying Again: Power-Sharing in Post-Civil War Lebanon’, International Negotiation 2:1 (1997), 103–22.Google Scholar

Hunter, S. ‘Syrian-Iranian Relations: An Alliance of Convenience or More?’, Middle East Insight 4:2 (1985), 30–4.Google Scholar

Ismail, S. ‘Changing Social Structure, Shifting Alliances and Authoritarianism in Syria’, in Lawson, Fred (ed.), Demystifying Syria (London: Sawi, 2009), 13–28.Google Scholar

Ismail, S. The Rule of Violence: Subjectivity, Memory and Government in Syria (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Jones, C. ‘Among Ministers, Mavericks and Mandarins’: Britain, Covert Action and the Yemen Civil War, 1962–64’, Middle Eastern Studies 40:1 (2004), 99–126.Google Scholar

Jones, C. and Guzansky, Y.. Fraternal Enemies (London: Hurst, 2020).Google Scholar

Jones, M. O. Political Repression in Bahrain (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Juneau, T. ‘Iran’s Policy towards the Houthis in Yemen: A Limited Return on a Modest Investment’, International Affairs 92:3 (2016), 647–63.Google Scholar

Kadercan, B. ‘Triangulating Territory: A Case for Pragmatic Interaction between Political Science, Political Geography and Critical IR’, International Theory 17:1 (2015), 125–61.Google Scholar

Karam, J. The Middle East in 1958: Reimaging a Revolutionary Year (London: I. B. Tauris, 2021).Google Scholar

Kasbarian, S. and Mabon, S.. ‘Contested Spaces and Sectarian Narratives in Post-Uprisings Bahrain’, Global Discourse 6:4 (2016), 677–96.Google Scholar

Katib, L. ‘Syria, Saudi Arabia, the U.A.E. and Qatar: The “Sectarianization” of the Syrian Conflict and Undermining of Democratization in the Region’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 46:3 (2019), 1–19.Google Scholar

Kaufman, A. Contested Frontiers in the Syria-Lebanon-Israel Region: Cartography, Sovereignty, and Conflict (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Kaye, D. D. and Wehrey, F. M.. ‘An Nuclear Iran: The Reactions of Neighbours’, Survival: Global Politics and Strategy 49:2 (2007), 111–28.Google Scholar

Keddie, N. R. (ed.) Religion and Politics in Iran: Shi’ism from Quietism to Revolution (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983).Google Scholar

Kerr, M. The Arab Cold War 1958–1964: A Study of Ideology in Politics (London: Royal Institute of International Affairs/Oxford University Press, 1965).Google Scholar

Keynoush, B. Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or Foes? (London: Palgrave, 2016).Google Scholar

Khalaf, A. ‘Contentious Politics in Bahrain: From Ethnic to National and Vice Versa’, Fourth Nordic Conference on Middle Eastern Studies (1998), https://org.uib.no/smi/pao/khalaf.html.Google Scholar

Khalaf, A. ‘Squaring the Circle: Bahrain’s Pearl Roundabout’, Middle East Critique 22:3 (2013), 265–80.Google Scholar

Khalidi, W. Conflict and Violence in Lebanon: Confrontation in the Middle East (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1979).Google Scholar

Khatib, L., Matar, D., and Alshaer, A.. The Hizbullah Phenomenon: Politics and Communication (London: Hurst, 2014).Google Scholar

Khomeini, R. Islam and Revolution: Writing and Declarations of Imam Khomeini, translated and annotated by H. Algar (Berkely: Mizan Press, 1981).Google Scholar

Khuri, F. I. Tribe and State in Bahrain: The Transformation of Social and Political Authority in an Arab State (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1980).Google Scholar

Kienle, E. Ba ’th v. Ba ’th: The Conflict between Syria and Iraq 1968–1989 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1990).Google Scholar

Knio, K. ‘Lebanon: Cedar Revolution or Neo-Sectarian Partition?’ Mediterranean Politics 10:2 (2005), 225–31.Google Scholar

Kostiner, J. ‘On Instruments and Their Designers: The Ikhwan of Najd and the Emergence of the Saudi State’, Middle East Studies 21:3 (1985), 298–323.Google Scholar

Kostiner, J. ‘State, Islam and Opposition in Saudi Arabia, The Post-Desert Storm Phase’, Middle East Review of International Affairs 1:2 (1997), 75–89.Google Scholar

Kostiner, J. (ed.) Middle East Monarchies: The Challenge of Modernity (London: Lynne Rienner, 2000).Google Scholar

Kramer, M. ‘Muslim Congresses’, in Esperito, John L. (ed.), The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern Islamic World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995), 309.Google Scholar

Kramer, M. ‘Syria’s Alawis and Shiism’, in Kramer, Martin (ed.), Shiism, Resistance, and Revolution (Boulder: Westview Press, 1987), 237–54.Google Scholar

Krause, M. ‘How transnational fields vary’, paper delivered at the IR Theory Seminar, International Relations Department, London School of Economics and Political Science, 12 March 2018, p. 4.Google Scholar

Lawson, F. H. ‘Syria’s Intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, 1976: A Domestic Conflict Explanation’, International Organization 38:3 (1984), 451–80.Google Scholar

Lefebvre, H. The Production of Space (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991).Google Scholar

Lefevre, R. Ashes of Hama: The Muslim Brotherhood in Syria (London: Hurst, 2013).Google Scholar

Legrenzi, M. and Lawson, F. H.. ‘Saudi Arabia Calls Out Hezbollah: Why Now?’ Middle East Policy 23:2 (2016), 31–43.Google Scholar

Louër, L. ‘The Political Impact of Labor Migration in Bahrain’, City & Society 20:1 (2008), 32–53.Google Scholar

Louër, L. ‘The State and Sectarian Identities in the Persian Gulf Monarchies: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in Comparative Perspective’, in Potter, Lawrence (ed.), Sectarian Politics in the Persian Gulf (London: Hurst, 2013), 117–42.Google Scholar

Louër, L. Transnational Shi’a Politics: Religious and Political Networks in the Gulf (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).Google Scholar

Mabon, S. ‘The Apocalyptic and The Sectarian’, in Clack, Tim and Johnson, Rob (eds.), Upstream Operations (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019), 165–90.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. ‘The Battle for Bahrain’, Middle East Policy 19:2 (2012), 84–97.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. Houses Built on Sand: Violence, Sectarianism and Revolution in the Middle East (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Mabon, S. ‘Muting the Trumpets of Sabotage: Saudi Arabia, the US and the Quest to Securitize Iran’, British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 45:5 (2018), 742–59.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. Saudi Arabia and Iran: Soft Power Rivalry in the Middle East (London: I. B. Tauris, 2013).Google Scholar

Mabon, S. ‘The World Is a Garden: Nomos, Sovereignty and the (Contested) Ordering of Life’, Review of International studies 45:5 (2019), 870–90.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. (ed.), Saudi Arabia and Iran: The Struggle to Shape the Middle East (London: Foreign Policy Centre, 2018).Google Scholar

Mabon, S. and Ardovini, L.. ‘The Politics of Pilgrimage: Exploring the Hajj as a Site for Dialogue between Saudi Arabia and Iran’, in Narbone, Luigi and Divsallar, Abdolrasool (eds.), Stepping Away from the Abyss: A Gradual Approach towards a New Security System in the Persian Gulf (San Domenico di Fiesole: MEI, 2021), https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/71221.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. and Kuramasamy, A. M.. ‘Da’ish, stasis and bare life in Iraq’, in Erikson, Jacob and Khaleel, Ahmed (eds.), Iraq after ISIS (Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018), 9–28.Google Scholar

Mabon, S. and Nagle, J. (eds.) Urban Spaces and Sectarian Contestation (Lancaster: SEPAD, 2020).Google Scholar

Mabon, S., Nasirzadeh, S., and Al Refai, E.. ‘De-securitisation and Pragmatism in the Persian Gulf: The Future of Saudi-Iranian Relations’, The International Spectator 56:4 (2021), 66–83.Google Scholar

Makdisi, S. A. ‘An Appraisal of Lebanon’s Post-War Economic Development and a Look to the Future’, Middle East Journal 31:3 (1977) 267–280.Google Scholar

Makdisi, U. The Culture of Sectarianism: Community, History and Violence in Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Lebanon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000).Google Scholar

Mamadouh, V. and Dijkink, G.. ‘Geopolitics, International Relations and Political Geography: The Politics of Geopolitical Discourse’, Geopolitics 11:3 (2006) 349–366.Google Scholar

Mandaville, P. Global Political Islam (Oxon: Routledge, 2007), 287.Google Scholar

Mansour, R. Networks of Power: The Popular Mobilization Forces and the State in Iraq (London: Chatham House, 2021).Google Scholar

Marschall, C. Iran’s Persian Gulf Policy: From Khomeini to Khatami (London: Routledge, 2003).Google Scholar

Mason, R. Foreign Policy in Iran and Saudi Arabia: Economics and Diplomacy in the Middle East (London: I.B. Tauris, 2014).Google Scholar

Massey, D. For Space (London: Sage, 2005).Google Scholar

Matthiesen, T. ‘Hizbullah al-Hijaz: A History of the Most Radical Saudi Shi’a Opposition Group’, The Middle East Journal 64:2 (2010), 179–97.Google Scholar

Matthiessen, T. The Other Saudis: Shiism, Dissent and Sectarianism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014).Google Scholar

Matthiessen, T. Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and the Arab Spring that Wasn’t (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Matthiessen, T. ‘Sectarianization as Securitization: Identity Politics and Counter-Revolution in Bahrain’, in Hashemi, N. and Postel, D. (eds.), Sectarianization: Mapping the Politics of the New Middle East (London: Hurst, 2017), 199–214.Google Scholar

Moin, B. Khomeini: Life of the Ayatollah (London: I. B. Tauris, 1999).Google Scholar

Muir, J. ‘Lebanon: Arena of Conflict, Crucible of Peace’, The Middle East Journal 38:2 (1984), 204–19.Google Scholar

Mumford, A. ‘Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict’, The RUSI Journal 158:2 (2013), 40–6.Google Scholar

Nagle, J. ‘Consociationalism Is Dead! Long Live Zombie Power-Sharing’, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism 20:2 (2020), 137–44.Google Scholar

Nakash, Y. Reaching for Power: The Shi’a in the Modern Arab World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006).Google Scholar

Nasr, V. The Shi’a Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future (New York: W. W. Norton, 2007).Google Scholar

Neep, D. Occupying Syria under the French Mandate: Insurgency, Space and State Formation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012).Google Scholar

Neep, D. ‘State-Space beyond Territory: Wormholes, Gravitational Fields, and Entanglement’, Journal of Historical Sociology 30:3 (2017), 466–95.Google Scholar

Noble, P. C. ‘The Arab System: Pressures, Constraints, and Opportunities’, in Korany, Bahgat and Hillal Dessouki, Ali E. (eds.), The Foreign Policies of Arab States (Boulder: Westview Press, 1991), 55–7.Google Scholar

Norton, A. R. Amal and the Shi’a: Struggle for the Soul of Lebanon (Austin, TX: University of Texas Press, 1987).Google Scholar

Norton, A. R. Hezbollah (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Norton, A. R. ‘Lebanon after Tai’f Is the Civil War Over?’, Middle East Journal 45:3 (1991), 466.Google Scholar

O’Loughlin, J. ‘Geography as Space and Geography as Place: The Divide Between Political Science and Political Geography Continues’, Geopolitics 5:3 (2000) 126–37.Google Scholar

O’Loughlin, J. ‘Responses: Geography as Space and Geography as Place: The Divide between Political Science and Political Geography Continues’, Geopolitics 5:3 (2000), 126–37.Google Scholar

Pandya, S. ‘Women’s Shi’a Ma’atim in Bahrain’, Journal of Middle East Women’s Studies 6:2 (2010), 31–58.Google Scholar

Partrick, N. Saudi Arabian Foreign Policy: Conflict and Cooperation (London: I. B. Tauris, 2016).Google Scholar

Peterson, J. E. ‘Bahrain: Reform, Promise, and Reality’, in Teitelbaum, Joshua (ed.), Political Liberalization in the Persian Gulf (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), 157–85.Google Scholar

Phillips, C.The Battle for Syria: International Rivalry in the New Middle East (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2016).Google Scholar

Phillips, C. ‘Eyes Bigger than Stomachs: Turkey, Saudi Arabia and Qatar in Syria’, Middle East Policy 24:1 (2017), 36–47.Google Scholar

Phillips, C. ‘Sectarianism and Conflict in Syria’, Third World Quarterly 36:2 (2015), 365–6.Google Scholar

Phillips, C. and Valbjørn, M.. ‘What Is in a Name?’: The Role of (Different) Identities in the Multiple Proxy Wars in Syria’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 29:3 (2018), 414–33.Google Scholar

Pierret, T. Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni ‘Ulama’ from Coup to Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Rabinovich, I. The War for Lebanon, 1970–1985 (New York: Cornell University Press, 1985).Google Scholar

Rauta, V. ‘Proxy Warfare and the Future of Conflict: Take Two’, The Rusi Journal 165:2 (2020), 1–10.Google Scholar

Ricotta, I. The Arab Shi‘a Nexus: Understanding Iran’s Influence in the Arab World, The Washington Quarterly 39:2 (2016), 144.Google Scholar

Rosenberg, J. ‘International Relations in the Prison of Political Science’, International Relations 30:2 (2016), 127–53.Google Scholar

Roshandel, J. ‘Iran’s Foreign and Security Policies: How the Decisionmaking Process Evolved’, Security Dialogue 31:1 (2000), 105–17.Google Scholar

Rubin, B. ‘The Gulf States and the Iran-Iraq War’, in Karsh, E. (ed.) The Iran-Iraq War (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 1989), 13–26.Google Scholar

Rubin, L. Islam in the Balance: Ideational Threats in Arab Politics (Stanford: Stanford Security Studies, 2014).Google Scholar

Ryan, C. ‘Shifting Alliances and Shifting Theories in the Middle East’, in Lynch, Marc (ed.), Shifting Global Politics and the Middle East (POMEPS Studies 34, 2009), 7–13.Google Scholar

Ryan, C. Inter-Arab Alliances: Regime Security and Jordanian Foreign Policy (Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2009).Google Scholar

Ryan, C. ‘Inter-Arab Relations and the Regional System’, in Lynch, Marc (ed.), The Arab Uprisings Explained: New Contentious Politics in the Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 2014), 110–23.Google Scholar

Saad, A. ‘Challenging the Sponsor-Proxy Model: The Iran-Hizbullah Relationship’, Global Discourse 9:4 (2019), 627–50.Google Scholar

Salamey, I. ‘The Double Movement & Post-Arab Spring Consociationalism’, Muslim World 106:1 (2016), 187–204.Google Scholar

Salamey, I. ‘Failing Consociationalism in Lebanon and Integrative Options’, International Journal of Peace Studies 14:2 (2009), 90–1.Google Scholar

Salamey, I. and Payne, R.. ‘Parliamentary Consociationalism in Lebanon: Equal Citizenry vs. Quotated Confessionalism’, Journal of Legislative Studies 14:4 (2008), 451–73.Google Scholar

Salloukh, B. F. ‘The Arab Uprisings and the Geopolitics of the Middle East’, The International Spectator 48:2 (2013), 32–46.Google Scholar

Salloukh, B. F. ‘The Limits of Electoral Engineering in Divided Societies: Elections in Postwar Lebanon’, Canadian Journal of Political Science 39:3 (2006), 635–55.Google Scholar

Salloukh, B. F. ‘Overlapping Contests and Middle East International Relations: The Return of the Weak Arab State’, PS: Political Science & Politics 50:3 (2017), 660–3.Google Scholar

Salloukh, B. F. ‘The Syrian War: Spillover Effects on Lebanon’, Middle East Policy 24:1 (2017), 62–78.Google Scholar

Samii, A. W. ‘A Stable Structure on Shifting Sands: Assessing the Hezbollah Iran Syria Relationship’, Middle East Journal 62:1 (2008), 32–53.Google Scholar

Saouli, A. Hezbollah: Socialisation and Its Tragic Ironies (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2018).Google Scholar

Saouli, A. (ed.) Unfulfilled Aspirations (London: Hurst, 2020).Google Scholar

Saseen, S. M. ‘The Tai’f Accord and Lebanon’s Struggle to Regain Its Sovereignty’, American University International Law Review 6:1 (1990), 57–75.Google Scholar

Schmidt, S. ‘The Role of Religion in Politics. The Case of Shi’a-Islamism in Iraq’, Nordic Journal of Religion and Society xxii/2 (2009), 129.Google Scholar

Schoel, T. ‘The Hasna’s Revenge: Syrian Tribes and Politics in their Shaykh’s Story’, Nomadic People 15:1 (2011), 96–113.Google Scholar

Schweller, R. ‘Unanswered Threats: A Neoclassical Realist Theory of Underbalancing’, International Security 29:2 (2004), 159–201.Google Scholar

Seale, P. Assad: The Struggle for the Middle East (Berkley: University of California Press, 1988).Google Scholar

Seale, P. The Struggle for Syria: A Study of Post-War Arab Politics, 1945–1958 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1965).Google Scholar

Sharif, H. ‘South Lebanon: Its History and Geopolitics’, in Hagopian, Elaine and Farsoun, Sami (eds.), South Lebanon (Detroit: Association of Arab-American University Graduates, 1978), 10–11.Google Scholar

Shils, E. ‘The Prospect for Lebanese Civility’, in Binder, L. (ed.), Politics in Lebanon (New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1966), 1–12.Google Scholar

Shuja al-Din, M. ‘Yemen’s War-torn Rivalries for Religious Education’, in Wehrey, Frederic (ed.), Islamic Institutions in Arab States: Mapping the Dynamics of Control, Co-option and Contention (Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2021), 33–52.Google Scholar

Slim, R. ‘Hezbollah and Syria: From Regime Proxy to Regime Savior’, Insight Turkey 16:2 (2014), 61–8.Google Scholar

Sunayama, S. Syria and Saudi Arabia. Collaboration and Conflict in the Oil Era (London: I.B. Tauris, 2007).Google Scholar

Soja, E. W. Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Theory (London: Verso: 1980).Google Scholar

Soja, E. W. ‘Regions in Context: Spatiality, Periodicity, and the Historical Geography of the Regional Question’, Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 3 (1985) 175–90.Google Scholar

Soja, E. W. ‘The Socio-Spatial Dialectic’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 70 (1980), 207–25.CrossRef Google Scholar

Sozer, B. ‘Development of Proxy Relationships: A Case Study of the Lebanese Civil War’, Small Wars & Insurgencies 27:4 (2016), 636–58.Google Scholar

Starr, H. ‘On Geopolitics: Spaces and Places’, International Studies Quarterly 57:3 (2013), 433–9.Google Scholar

Stein, E. International Relations in the Middle East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).Google Scholar

Strobl, S. Sectarian Order in Bahrain: The Social and Colonial Origins of Criminal Justice (London: Lexington Books, 2018).Google Scholar

Tibi, B. Arab Nationalism: Between Islam and the Nation State (New York: St Martin’s Press, 1997).Google Scholar

Tripp, C. A History of Iraq (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007).Google Scholar

Tripp, C. The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Valbjørn, M. ‘Beyond the beyond(s): On the (Many) Third Way(s) beyond Primordialism and Instrumentalism in the Study of Sectarianism’, Nations and Nationalism 26:1 (2020), 91–107.Google Scholar

Valbjørn, M. and Bank, A.. ‘The New Arab Cold War: Rediscovering the Arab Dimension of Middle East Regional Politics’, Review of International Studies 38:1 (2012) 3–24.Google Scholar

Van Dam, N. Destroying a Nation: The Civil War in Syria (London: I. B. Tauris, 2017).Google Scholar

Vloeberghs, W. ‘Worshipping the Martyr President: The darîh of Rafiq al-Hariri in Beirut’ in Th. Pierret, P. Pinto et al. (eds.), Ethnographies of Islam (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2008), 80–92.Google Scholar

Wallsh, D. ‘Syrian Alliance Strategy in the Post-Cold War Era: The Impact of Unipolarity’, Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 37:2 (2013), 107–23.Google Scholar

Walt, S. M. The Origins of Alliances (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1987).Google Scholar

Walt, S. M. Revolution and War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar

Wastnidge, E. ‘Iran and Syria: An Enduring Axis’, Middle East Policy 24:2 (2017), 148–59.Google Scholar

Wastnidge, E. ‘Iran’s Own “War on Terror”: Iranian Foreign Policy towards Syria and Iraq during the Rouhani Era’, in Zaccara, Luciano (ed.), Foreign Policy of Iran under President Hassan Rouhani’s First Term (2013–2017) (Singapore: Palgrave Macmillan, 2020), 107–29.Google Scholar

Wastnidge, E. ‘The Modalities of Iranian Soft Power: From Cultural Diplomacy to Soft War’, Politics 35:3/4 (2015), 364–77.Google Scholar

Wege, C. A. ‘Hizbullah-Syrian Intelligence Affairs: A Marriage of Convenience’, Journal of Strategic Security 3 (2011), 1–14.Google Scholar

Wehrey, F. ‘Bahrain’s Decade of Discontent’, Journal of Democracy 24:3 (2013), 116–26.Google Scholar

Wehrey, F. Sectarian Politics in the Gulf: From the Iraq War to the Arab Uprisings (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013).Google Scholar

Wehrey, F., Karasik, T. W, Nader, A., Ghez, J., Hansell, L., and Guffrey, R. A.. Saudi-Iranian Relations since the Fall of Saddam: Rivalry, Cooperation, and Implications for U.S. Policy (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2009).Google Scholar

White, B. T. The Emergence of Minorities in the Middle East: The Politics of Community in French Mandate Syria (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2011).Google Scholar

Wimmer, A. and Schiller, N. G.. ‘Methodological Nationalism, the Social Sciences, and the Study of Migration: An Essay in Historical Epistemology’, The International Migration Review 37:3 (2003), 576–610.Google Scholar

Young, M. The Ghosts of Martyrs Square: An Eyewitness Account of Lebanon’s Life Struggle (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010).Google Scholar

Young, R. ‘Equitable Solutions for Offshore Boundaries: The 1968 Saudi-Iran Agreement’, The American Journal of International Law 64:1 (1970).Google Scholar

Zimbler, B. L. ‘Peacekeeping without the U.N.: The Multinational Force in Lebanon and International Law’, Yale Journal of International Law 10 (1984), 222–51.Google Scholar

الحوثيون يفتحون أبواب صنعاء لإيرا, Al Jazeera (01.03.15), http://mubasher.aljazeera.net/news/الحوثيون-يفتحون-أبواب-صنعاء-لإيران Google Scholar

www.alhayat.com/article/536275/السعودية-تعتبر-الاخوان-و-الحوثي-و-حزب-الله-في-الداخل-منظمات-ارهابية.Google Scholar

www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-investors-to-participate-in-rebuilding-of-damascus-airport/.Google Scholar

www.presstv.com/Detail/2019/02/25/589535/Khamenei-Leader-Bashar-alAssad-Tehran-resistance-US.Google Scholar

www.reuters.com/article/us-ba-syria-saudi/saudi-king-in-damascus-to-mend-fences-with-assad-idUSTRE59630I20091007.Google Scholar

AA. ‘Reduction of Iranian Exports to Iraq due to Increase in Customs Tariffs’ (08.06.16), www.aa.com.tr/fa/ایران/کاهش-صادرات-ایران-به-عراق-به-دلیل-افزایش-تعرفه-های-گمرکی/586400 Google Scholar

Agence France Presse. ‘Bahrain Jails Three for Spying for Iran: Report’, Gulf News (06.07.11), https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/bahrain/bahrain-jails-three-for-spying-for-iran-report-1.833932.Google Scholar

Agence France Presse and NOW Lebanon. ‘Thousands across Iraq Protest Bahrain Crackdown’ (18.03.11).Google Scholar

Alaaldin, R. ‘Proxy War in Iraq’, PWP Conflict Studies (2019).Google Scholar

al-Ali, M. ‘al-Wifaq to Vote on Political Societies Law Today’, Gulf Daily News (06.10.05).Google Scholar

al-Ashwal, A. ‘UAE, Yemen’s Islah Party Try to Tolerate Each Other’, al-Monitor (06.12.18), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/12/yemen-islah-party-uae-relations-brotherhood-saudi-arabia.html.Google Scholar

al-Asrar, F. A. ‘The Houthis Cover Up for Iran. Here Is Why’, al-Arabiya (29.09.19), https://english.alarabiya.net/en/views/news/middle-east/2019/09/29/The-Houthis-cover-up-for-Iran-Here-is-why-.Google Scholar

Al Bandar Report: Demographic engineering in Bahrain and mechanisms of exclusion, www.bahrainrights.org/en/node/528.Google Scholar

al-Chazli, Y. ‘Adviser to Bahrain King: GCC Basis of Balance in Region’, al-Monitor (04.11.13), http://almon.co/2olf.Google Scholar

al-Dawsari, N. ‘Tribal Governance and Stability in Yemen’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (03.12.15), http://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/24/tribal-governance-and-stability-in-yemen#.Google Scholar

al-Dawsiri, S. ‘Interview with Ali Salman’, al-Sharq al-Awsat (22.02.07).Google Scholar

al-Faysal, T. ‘Mr. Obama, We Are Not “Free Riders”’, Arab News (14.03.16), www.arabnews.com/columns/news/894826.Google Scholar

Al-Jamal, M. M. and Farid., S. ‘Is Iran “Sectarianizing” Bahrain Conflict?’ al-ʿArabiya (20.04.11), http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/04/20/146144.html.Google Scholar

al-Jubeir, Bin Ahmed, A. ‘Can Iran Change?’, New York Times (19.01.16), www.nytimes.com/2016/01/19/opinion/saudi-arabia-can-iran-change.html?_r=2.Google Scholar

Aljubeir, A. ‘The Iranian-Planned Houthi Attacks’ (07.05.18 21:53), https://twitter.com/AdelAljubeir/status/993594737704751105.Google Scholar

‘al-Judhur al-Fikriyya lil-Fitna al-Huthiyya’, al-Muntada (04.05).Google Scholar

Khalifa, Al, Salman, Hamad bin Isa bin, ‘Al Khalifa: Stability is Prerequisite for Progress’, Washington Times (19.04.11), www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/apr/19/stability-is-prerequisite-for-progress/.Google Scholar

Allam, H., Landay, J. S., and Strobel, W. P. ‘Iranian Outmaneuvers U.S. in Iraq’, McClatchy Newspapers (28.04.08), www.mcclatchydc.com/2008/04/28/35146/iranian-outmaneuvers-us-in-iraq.htm.Google Scholar

Al Khalifa, Fawaz bin Mohammad. ‘The Gulf States are Stuck between Isil and Iran’, The Telegraph (21.01.16), www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/bahrain/12113355/The-Gulf-states-are-stuck-between-Isil-and-Iran.html.Google Scholar

al-Mahdi, Muhammad bin Muhammad. ‘al-Zaydiyya fi al-Yaman: Hiwar Maftuh’, Sana‘a: Markaz al-Kalima al-Tayiba (2008), p. 98.Google Scholar

المؤتمر الصحفي المشترك لمعالي وزير الخارجية مع سعادة وزير المواصلات في جمهورية باكستان الإسلامية (almutamar alsuhufiu almushtarak limaealay wazir alkharijiat mae saeadat wazir almuasalat fi jumhuriat bakistan al’iislamia [The Joint Press Conference of His Excellency the Minister of Foreign Affairs with His Excellency the Minister of Transportation of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan]), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (20.03.14), www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=8266&language=ar-BH&ItemId=4008.Google Scholar

al-Muslimi, Farea. ‘Analysis’, Sanaa Centre (18.11.18), https://sanaacenter.org/publications/analysis/6665.Google Scholar

Al-Qabas (23 March 1980), in FBIS (25 March 1980).Google Scholar

al-Omran, Ahmed, and Fitch, Asa. ‘Saudi Coalition Seizes Iranian Boat Carrying Weapons to Yemen’, Wall Street Journal (30.09.15), www.wsj.com/articles/saudi-coalition-seizes-iranian-boat-carrying-weapons-to-rebels-in-yemen-1443606304.Google Scholar

AI-Ra’i al-Amm (13 February and 4 June 1974), in FBIS (16 February and 6 June 1979).Google Scholar

al-Rashed, Abdul Rahman. ‘Between Sunni and Shi’a’, al-Sharq al-Awsat (04.09.05).Google Scholar

al-Rasheed, M. ‘Riyadh’s War on Yemen Stokes Saudi Nationalism’, al-Monitor (27.03.15), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/03/saudi-yemen-houthi-gcc-military-islamist.html.Google Scholar

al-Rasheed, M. ‘The Saudi Response to the ‘Arab Spring’: Containment and Co-option’, Open Democracy (10.01.12), www.opendemocracy.net/5050/madawi-al-rasheed/saudi-response-to-%e2%80%98arab-spring%e2%80%99-containment-and-co-option.Google Scholar

al-Rasheed, M. ‘Saudi War in Yemen Impossible to Win’, al-Monitor (02.10.15), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/10/saudi-arabia-lose-protracted-war-yemen.html.Google Scholar

Amwaj. ‘Exclusive: Despite Baghdad Photo Blunder, Iran-Saudi Talks Set to Resume’ (08.09.21), https://amwaj.media/article/exclusive-despite-baghdad-photo-blunder-iran-saudi-talks-set-to-resume.Google Scholar

Asith, P. ‘Lebanon’s Hezbollah Ready to Fight ISIS in Iraq’, al-Sharq al-Awsat (25.06.14), www.aawsat.net/2014/06/article55333611.Google Scholar

اول خطاب للرئيس عبدربة منصور هادي من عدن 21 مارس (Awal Khitab llRais Abed Rabbu Mansour Hadi min Aden [The First Speech of President Abd Rabbo Mansour Hadi from Aden]) (21.03.15), www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQ9PDlftIJc.Google Scholar

Badawi, T. ‘Iran’s Iraqi Market’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (27.07.16), https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/64187.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain Accuses Foreign Media of Exaggeration’, Al Jazeera (02.05.12), www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2012/05/20125220628139601.html.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain Expels Lebanese over “Hezbollah Links”’, Al Manar (14.03.16), http://archive.almanar.com.lb/english/article.php?id=260434 Google Scholar

‘Bahrain FM: Muslim Brotherhood is a Terrorist Group’, Al Jazeera (06.07.17), www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/7/6/bahrain-fm-muslim-brotherhood-is-a-terrorist-group.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain, Hundreds Stripped Citizenship’, HRW news (27.07.18), www.hrw.org/news/2018/07/27/bahrain-hundreds-stripped-citizenship.Google Scholar

Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry, Report of the Bahrain Independent Commission of Inquiry (2011), www.bici.org.bh/BICIreportEN.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain Jails 19 Shi’a Accused of Spying for Iran,’ New Arab (30.10.17), www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2017/10/30/bahrain-jails-19-shias-accused-of-spying-for-iran.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain Pulled Back from “Sectarian Abyss”—Foreign Minister,’ Reuters (17.02.11).Google Scholar

‘Bahrain Sentences 12 People for Life for Spying, Iran Links’, Reuters (22.04.14), https://reut.rs/2Wandkp.Google Scholar

‘Bahrain: Yemen’s Rebellion Adds to Sectarian Tensions’, Oxford Analytica Daily Brief (12,01.10), www.oxan.com/display.aspx?ItemID= DB156920.Google Scholar

‘Bahraini Shi’ite Group Flays Iran Rhetoric’, Gulf News (08.02.09), https://gulfnews.com/world/gulf/bahrain/bahraini-shiite-group-flays-iran-rhetoric-1.50686.Google Scholar

Goods’, Mehr News Agency (n.d.), www.mehrnews.com/news/2350491/شلمچه-دروازه-طلایی-تجارت-عزم-عراق-برای-جایگزینی-کالای-ایرانی Google Scholar

Bassem, L.‘Hezbollah Holds Talks with Saudi King’, Reuters (2007), www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-hezbollah-saudi-idUSL0313236420070103).Google Scholar

Batatu, H. ‘Syria’s Muslim Brethren’, Middle East Research and Information Project 12 (1982).Google Scholar

Bayoumy, Y. and Ghobari, M. ‘Confirmed: Iran’s Foreign Military Arm is Backing Yemeni Rebels Who Took Control of the Country’, Reuters (15.12.14).Google Scholar

Bayoumy, Y. and Ghobari, M. ‘Iranian Support Seen Crucial for Yemen’s Houthis’, Reuters (15.12.14), www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-houthis-iran-insight/iranian-support-seen-crucial-for-yemens-houthis-idUSKBN0JT17A20141215.Google Scholar

‘Bin Salem al-Azima’, Asharq Al Awsat (28.03.11), http://english.aawsat.com/2011/03/article55247010/a-talk-with-peninsula-shield-force-commander-mutlaq-bin-salem-al-azima.Google Scholar

Black, I. ‘Fear of a Shi’a full moon’, The Guardian (26.01.07), www.theguardian.com/world/2007/jan/26/worlddispatch.ianblack.Google Scholar

Blanford, N. ‘A Martyr’s Son Calls for Justice’, Time (13.02.07), http://content.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1589446,00.html.Google Scholar

Bonnefoy, L. ‘Saudi Arabia and the Expansion of Salafism’, NOREF: Norwegian Peacebuilding Resource Centre, Policy Brief (September 2013), p. 2.Google Scholar

Bronner, E. and Slackman, M.. ‘Saudi Troops Enter Bahrain to Help Put Down Unrest’, New York Times (14.03.11), https://nyti.ms/2Kr5UWt.Google Scholar

Brzezinkski, Y. ‘The Cold War and Its Aftermath’, Foreign Affairs 81 (1991–93).Google Scholar

Cafiero, G. ‘Gulf States Slowly Warm to Damascus’, al-Monitor (09.01.19), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/01/gulf-states-accept-syria-damascus-conflict.html.Google Scholar

Cafiero, G. and Karasik, T.. ‘Yemen War and Qatar Crisis Challenge Oman’s Neutrality’, Middle East Institute (06.07.17), www.mei.edu/content/article/oman-s-high-stakes-yemen.Google Scholar

Cambanis, T. ‘A Father’s Shadow Clouds His Son’s Rise in Lebanon’, New York Times (03.10.07), p. 6.Google Scholar

Carapico, S. ‘No Exit: Yemen’s Existential Crisis’, Middle East Research and Information Project (03.05.11).Google Scholar

Carapico, S. and Yadav, S. P.. ‘The Breakdown of the GCC Initiative’, Middle East Report 273 (2014).Google Scholar

Cliffe, J. ‘Iran and Saudi Arabia Are Locked in a Cold War-style Stand-Off – but the Situation Is Even More Volatile’, New Statesman (08.01.20), www.newstatesman.com/world/2020/01/iran-and-saudi-arabia-are-locked-cold-war-style-stand-situation-even-more-volatile.Google Scholar

Combaz, E. ‘International Aid to Lebanon’, Governance, Social Development, Humanitarian, Conflict (02.08.13), http://gsdrc.org/docs/open/hdq979.pdf.Google Scholar

Constantine, Z. ‘King of Bahrain Says Subversive “External Plot” Has Been Foiled’, The National (22.02.11), www.thenational.ae/world/mena/king-of-bahrain-says-sub-versive-external-plot-has-been-foiled-1.600506.Google Scholar

Corbeil, A. and Amarasingam, A. ‘The Houthi Hezbollah: Iran’s Train-and-Equip Program in Sanaa’, Foreign Affairs (31.03.16).Google Scholar

Cowell, A. ‘Syria and Iran Agree Militias Can Remain in Parts of Lebanon’, New York Times (04.30.91).Google Scholar

الموت لأمريكا، الموت لإسرائيل، النصر للإسلام’… أنصار الله (Death to America, Death to Israel, Victory to Islam’), Ansr Allah (n.d.), http://archive.almanar.com.lb/article.php?id=1134274.Google Scholar

Dehghan, S. K. ‘Saudi Arabia Accuses Iran of “Direct Aggression’ Over Yemen Missile”, The Guardian (07.11.17), www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/07/saudi-arabia-accuses-iran-of-supplying-missile-to-houthi-rebels-in-yemen.Google Scholar

‘Despite Military Escalation, Increased Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen, ‘a Way Out of This War’ Still Exists, Special Envoy Tells Security Council’, UNSC 14793 (15.02.22), www.un.org/press/en/2022/sc14793.doc.htm.Google Scholar

Dikmen, Yesim, Aslan, Melih, ‘Muslim Nations Accuse Iran of Supporting Terrorism: Summit Communique’, Reuters (15.04.16), www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-summit/muslim-nations-accuse-iran-of-supporting-terrorism-summit-communique-idUSKCN0XC1LQ.Google Scholar

‘Diplomasiye ashefte Arabistan dar Lobnan [Saudi Arabia’s Messy Policy In Lebanon]’, Hambastagi Online (30.04.08).Google Scholar

‘Drop Charges against Editor of Independent Daily’, Human Rights Watch (04.11.11), www.hrw.org/news/2011/04/11/bahrain-drop-charges-against-editor-independent-daily.Google Scholar

Drysdale, A. and Hinnebusch, R.. Syria and the Middle East Peace Process (New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1991).Google Scholar

Eisenstadt, M., Knights, M., and Ali, A. Iran’s Influence in Iraq: Countering Tehran’s Whole-of-Government Approach (Washington, DC: Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2011).Google Scholar

إسرائيل دعو قضاة لبنان للتعلّم من قضاة »إسرائيل, Elaph (05.05.07), https://elaph.com/ElaphWeb/NewsPapers/2007/5/231342.html.Google Scholar

El Dahan, M. and Maclean, W.. ‘Bahrain Says Foils Arms Smuggling Bid, Recalls Iran Envoy’, Reuters (25.07.11), https://reut.rs/2Fe3MR1.Google Scholar

El Deeb, S. ‘Explainer: Why Saudi Arabia is Upset, Lashing out at Lebanon’, Associated Press (02.11.21), https://apnews.com/article/entertainment-business-lebanon-saudi-arabia-beirut-787c1e342e3a46cdb11efc888f71f580.Google Scholar

El Yaakoubi, A. ‘Crisis with Lebanon Rooted Hezbollah Dominance – Saudi Minister’, Reuters (30.10.21), www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-crisis-saudi-minister-idAFKBN2HK0HE.Google Scholar

England, A. ‘Saudi Arabia “serious” about Talks with Iran’, Financial Times (15.10.21), www.ft.com/content/8665b1d2-b0ca-4dd0-8a18-837e3ad5b110.Google Scholar

Entoush, A., Malas, N., and Coker, M.. ‘A Veteran Saudi Power Player Works to Build Support to Topple Assad’, Wall Street Journal (25.08.13), www.wsj.com/articles/a-veteran-saudi-power-player-works-to-build-support-to-topple-assad-1377473580?tesla=y.Google Scholar

Esfandiari, Golnaz. ‘Iran Promotes Its New “Martyrs”, Cementing Role in Syria Fighting’, Radio Free Europe (12.07.16).Google Scholar

‘Excerpts from Khomeini Speeches’, New York Times (04.08.87), www.nytimes.com/1987/08/04/world/excerpts-from-khomeini-speeches.html.Google Scholar

‘Exclusive: Iran steps up Weapons Supply to Yemen’s Houthis via Oman—Officials’, Reuters (20.10.16).Google Scholar

Fam, M. ‘Militias Growing in Power in Iraq’, Associated Press (07.10.05), www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/07/AR2005110700977_pf.html.Google Scholar

Fawaz, M. ‘Beirut: The City as a Body Politic’, ISIM Review 20 (2007), 22–3. www.isim.nl/files/Review_20/Review_2022.pdf.P23.Google Scholar

Felter, J. and Fishman, B. Iranian Strategy in Iraq: Politics and ‘Other Means’ (West Point, NY: Combatting Terrorism Center, 2008).Google Scholar

Filkins, D. ‘A Saudi Prince’s Quest to Remake the Middle East’, New Yorker 02.04.18), www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/09/a-saudi-princes-quest-to-remake-the-middle-east.Google Scholar

‘Final Communiqué of The Extraordinary Meeting of The Council of Foreign Ministers of The Organization of Islamic Cooperation on Aggressions on the Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in Tehran and Its Consulate General in Mashhad’, Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (22.01.16) www.oic-oci.org/oicv2/topic/?t_id=10837&t_ref=4262&lan=en.Google Scholar

‘5 Russian-Syrian Projects Announced This Week’, Moscow Times (18.12.19), www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/12/18/5-russian-syrian-projects-announced-this-week-a68655.Google Scholar

Francis, E. Lebanese President Presses Saudi to Say Why Hariri Has Not Been Returned’, Reuters (11.11.17), www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-politics-aoun/lebanon-president-calls-on-riyadh-to-clarify-reasons-stopping-hariri-return-idUSKBN1DB0ET.Google Scholar

Frayer, L. ‘al-Bander Ejection Exposes Bahrain Split’, Washington Post (02.10.06), www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/10/02/AR2006100200868.html.Google Scholar

Freer, C. ‘Challenges to Sunni Islamism in Bahrain Since 2011’, Carnegie Middle East Centre (06.03.19), https://carnegie-mec.org/2019/03/06/challenges-to-sunni-islamism-in-bahrain-since-2011-pub-78510.Google Scholar

Gambil, G. G. and Nassif, D.. ‘Lebanon’s Parliamentary Elections: Manufacturing Dissent’, Middle East Intelligence Bulletin 2:8 (05.09.00), https://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0009_l1.htm.Google Scholar

Gardner, D. ‘Rich Gulf Patrons Turn the Screws on a Bankrupt Lebanon’, Financial Times (03.11.21), www.ft.com/content/fc36ad5b-bbbb-4e3f-b2de-21cc5f19245e.Google Scholar

Gause, F. G. ‘Fresh Prince: The Schemes and Dreams of Saudi Arabia’s Next King’, Foreign Affairs (05/06.18), www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/middle-east/2018-03-19/fresh-prince.’Google Scholar

‘GCC States Boxed in by US Sanctions on Syria’, al-Monitor (01.02.19), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/02/gcc-us-dilemma-assad-arabs-qatar-lebanon-netanyahu.html.Google Scholar

‘Geagea Warns of “More Resignations” and Gemayel Says Lebanon is a Hezbollah “Hostage”’, yalibnan(21.02.16), http://yalibnan.com/2016/02/21/geagea-warns-of-more-resignations-and-gemayel-says-lebanon-is-a-hezbollah-hostage/.Google Scholar

Goldberg, J. ‘The Obama Doctrine’, The Atlantic (2016), www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2016/04/the-obama-doctrine/471525/#5.Google Scholar

Goldberg, J. ‘Saudi Crown Prince: Iran’s Supreme Leader “Makes Hitler Look Good”’, The Atlantic (02.04.18), www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2018/04/mohammed-bin-salman-iran-israel/557036/.Google Scholar

Gordon, M. R. and Schmitt, E. ‘Iran Secretly Sending Drones and Supplies Into Iraq, U.S. Officials Say’, NY Times (26.06.14), www.nytimes.com/2014/06/26/world/middleeast/iran-iraq.html.Google Scholar

‘Grand Ayatollah Sistani Condemns the Saudi and Bahrain’s Crackdown on Bahrain’s Shi’a While Kuwait Refuses to Send Troops’, JafriaNews (17.03.11), http://jafrianews.com/2011/03/17/grand-ayatollah-sistani-condemns-the-saudi-and-bahrains-force-crackdown-on-bahrains-shi’a-while-kuwait-refuses-to-send-troops.Google Scholar

Grim, R. ‘Iran Tried to Stop Houthi Rebels in Yemen Obama Says’, Huffington Post (06.08.15), www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/iran-tried-to-stop-houthi-rebels-in-yemen_n_55c3ba1be4b0d9b743db627c.Google Scholar

Grim, R. ‘This is the Kind of President Donald Trump is Replacing’, Huffington Post (01.12.16), www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/barack-obama-foreign-policy-trump_us_5824ce48e4b034e3899091ed.Google Scholar

Haddad, F. ‘The Language of Anti-Shi’ism’, Foreign Policy (09.08.13), https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/08/09/the-language-of-anti-shiism/.Google Scholar

Grewal, S. S. ‘Former Intelligence Officer Eagerly Awaits Beginning of Negotiations’, Gulf Daily News (29.06.11).Google Scholar

Haddad, F. ‘Shi’a-Centric State-Building and Sunni Rejection in Post-2003 Iraq’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (07.01.16), https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/01/07/shia-centric-state-building-and-sunni-rejection-in-post-2003-iraq-pub-62408.Google Scholar

Hager, E. B. and Mzzetti, M., Emirates Secretly Sends Colombian Mercenaries to Yemen to Fight’, New York Times (25.11.15).Google Scholar

Halliday, F. ‘Arabs and Persians beyond the Geopolitics of the Gulf’, Cahiers d’etudes sur la Mediterranee orientale et le monde turo-iranien [En ligne] 22 (1996), https://journals.openedition.org/cemoti/143?lang=fr#quotation.Google Scholar

‘Hajj hijacked by Oppressors, Muslims Should Reconsider Management of Hajj: Ayatollah Khamenei’, Tehran Times (05.09.16), www.tehrantimes.com/news/406107/Hajj-hijacked-by-oppressors-Muslims-should-reconsider-management.Google Scholar

Halliday, J. and Asthana, A.. ‘Met Police Look at Allegations of Saudi War Crimes in Yemen’, The Guardian (02.04.17), www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/02/met-police-examine-allegations-saudi-arabia-war-crimes-yemen.Google Scholar

Hamidreza, A. ‘How Iran Sees Russia-Turkey Deal on Northeastern Syria’, al-Monitor (24.10.19), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/10/iran-deal-russia-turkey-northeast-syria.html.Google Scholar

‘Hardball with Chris Matthews: King Abdullah II of Jordan’, NBC News (07.12.08.), event occurs at 02:06.Google Scholar

Hashem, A. ‘Khamenei Criticizes Saudi Airstrikes, Nuclear Agreement’, al-Monitor (09.04.15), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2015/04/iran-khamenei-saudi-airstrikes-yemen.html#ixzz4KF3HE4dc.Google Scholar

Hassan, H. ‘Old Myths Perpetuate Poor Analysis of Saudi’, The National (17.01.16), www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/old-myths-perpetuate-poor-analysis-of-saudi.Google Scholar

‘Hezbollah Chief Nasrallah Mets Ahmadinejad in Syria’, BBC News (26.02.10).Google Scholar

‘Hezbollah: ISIS Wants Lebanon’, Daily Star (31.08.14), www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/Aug-31/269106-hezbollah-Daesh-wants-lebanon.ashx#axzz3CGYeUT5Y.Google Scholar

‘Humanitarian Crisis in Yemen: Seven Years on, WHO is Strengthening the Health System, Responding to Vital Health Needs, and Saving Lives’, Reliefweb (27.03.22), https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/humanitarian-crisis-yemen-seven-years-who-strengthening-health-system-responding-vital.Google Scholar

Humud, C. E. ‘Lebanon’, Congressional Research Service (25.07.17).Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Drums of War: Israel and the “Axis of Resistance”’, Crisis Group Middle East Report, 97 (2010), 6.Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Make or Break: Iraq’s Sunnis and the State’, Middle East Report No. 144 (2013), www.crisisgroup.org/~/media/Files/Middle%20East%20North%20Africa/Iraq%20Syria%20Lebanon/Iraq/144-make-or-break-iraq-s-sunnis-and-the-state.pdf.Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Popular Protests in North Africa and the Middle East: Bahrain’s Rocky Road to Reform’ (28.07.11).Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘Saudi Arabia: Back to Baghdad’ (22.05.18), https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/186-saudi-arabia-back-to-baghdad%20(1).pdf p5.Google Scholar

International Crisis Group, ‘10 Conflicts to Watch in 2018’ (02.01.18), www.crisisgroup.org/global/10-conflicts-watch-2018.Google Scholar

‘Interview with Hassan Mushayma’, al-Akhbar (28,02.11.).Google Scholar

‘Interview with Iranian Foreign Minister: We Will Have Differences with US No Matter What’, Der Speigel (16.05.15), www.spiegel.de/international/world/interview-with-iranian-foreign-minister-mohammad-javad-zarif-a-1033966.html.Google Scholar

‘Interview with President Bashar al-Asad’, al-Bab (08.02.01).Google Scholar

‘Iran Backed Militia Behind Attack, Iraqi PM’, Reuters (08.11.21), www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-backed-militia-behind-attack-iraqi-pm-sources-2021-11-08/.Google Scholar

‘Iran Calls for Violent Shi’ite Reaction against Saudi Arabia’, Memri (12.02.14), www.memri.org/reports/iran-calls-violent-shiite-reaction-against-saudi-arabia.Google Scholar

‘Iran’s Deadly Puppet Master’, Foreign Policy Magazine (2019), https://foreignpolicy.com/gt-essay/irans-deadly-puppet-master-qassem-suleimani/.Google Scholar

‘Iran FM: Sectarian Strife is Worst Threat in World’, BBC News (11.11.13), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24893808.Google Scholar

‘Iran’s FM Voices Concern about Bahrain in Letters to UN, OIC, Arab League’, Fars News Agency (17.03.11).Google Scholar

‘Iran Furious over Saudi Arabia’s Execution of Shi’ite Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr’, Memri (04.01.16), www.memri.org/reports/iran-furious-over-saudi-arabias-execution-shiite-sheikh-nimr-al-nimr.Google Scholar

‘Iran General Died in Israeli Strike in Syrian Golan’, BBC News (19.01.15), www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-30882935.Google Scholar

‘Iran Gets Negative Reviews in Iraq Even from Shi’ites’, Washington Institute (04.05.10), www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/iran-gets-negative-reviews-in-iraq-even-from-shi’ites.Google Scholar

‘Iran is World’s “Main Sponsor of Terrorism,” Says Saudi Arabia, Middle East Eye (20.02.17), www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-worlds-main-sponsor-terrorism-says-saudi-arabia.Google Scholar

Iranian Constitution, www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Iran_1989.pdf?lang=en.Google Scholar

Iranian Constitution, Article3.16, www.alaviandassociates.com/documents/constitution.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Iranian President Calls for Halt to Yemen Air Strikes’, Reuters (09.04.15), https://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFKBN0N00IA20150409.Google Scholar

‘Iranian President: Recent Events in Yemen Are Part of the Brilliant and Resounding Victory’, Aden al-Ghad (25.09.14), http://adenghad.net/news/124484/#.VZ6SA_3bKM-.Google Scholar

‘Iran Provide Weapons to Iraq’s Kurds: Barzani’, Middle East Eye (12.02.15), www.middleeasteye.net/news/iran-provided-weapons-iraqs-kurds-barzani.Google Scholar

‘Iran Reiterates Support for Restoration of Political Tranquility to Yemen’, Fars News (23.02.15), http://english.farsnews.com//newstext.aspx?nn=13931204000524.Google Scholar

‘Iran’s Revolutionary Guards: We Have Armed 200,000 Fighters in the Region’, Middle East Monitor (15.01.16).Google Scholar

‘Iran’s Rouhani Urges Muslim Countries to Unite’, EuroNews (27.12.15), www.euronews.com/2015/12/27/iran-s-rouhani-urges-muslim-countries-to-unite.Google Scholar

‘Iran’s Rouhani Vows to Back Syria “Until the End of the Road”’, Reuters (02.06.15), https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-iran/irans-rouhani-vows-to-back-syria-until-the-end-of-the-road-idUKKBN0OI0UN20150602.Google Scholar

‘Iran Says Saudi Arabia Prevents Sending Aid to Yemenis’, Tehran Times (25.04.15), www.tehrantimes.com/news/246312/Iran-says-Saudi-Arabia-prevents-sending-aid-to-Yemenis.Google Scholar

‘Iran’s Security Is due to the Wise Leadership of the Supreme Leader’, Kayhan (12.09.14), http://kayhan.ir/fa/news/23898/.Google Scholar

‘Iran Steps up Support for Houthis in Yemen’s War – Sources’, Reuters (21.03.17).Google Scholar

‘Iraq’s Zealous Sons March in Support of Downtrodden Bahraini People’, al-Amarah News Network (16.03.11), http://al3marh.net/news.Google Scholar

‘I. R. Iran’s Main Export Destinations in 2013’, Iran Trade Statistics in Brief’, Iranian Trade Planning Office (2013), http://eng.tpo.ir/uploads/2013statictic_word_tabdil_be_pdf_7454.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Iran is Seeking “to Control Islamic World,” Says Saudi Arabian Prince’, Associated Press (02.05.17), www.theguardian.com/world/2017/may/02/iran-is-seeking-to-control-islamic-world-says-saudi-arabian-prince.Google Scholar

‘Iraqi Prime Minister Meets with the Leader of the Revolution’, Khamenei.IR (n.d.), https://farsi.khamenei.ir/news-content?id=36913.Google Scholar

‘Iraq’s Sadr Calls for Protest Against Bahrain Deaths’, World Bulletin (03.16.11), www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID= 71168.Google Scholar

‘Jamiʿya al-tahdid al-Bahrayniya: Khitabna al-marajiʿa al-fiqhiya fi al-Iyran al-ʿIraq li dafaʿ al-durur ʿn al-watan’ (BCR: We Talked to Religious Authorities in Iran, Iraq, to Avoid Problems in the Country), Al-Aafaq (22.09.08).Google Scholar

Jeffery, S. ‘The Arab League Summit’, The Guardian (28.03.02).Google Scholar

Jeffrey, T. ‘The Sunni-Shi’ite Cold War or Worse’, Human Events (16.10.06), http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3827/is_200610/ai_n17196736.Google Scholar

‘Joint Statement on the Formation of the Islamic Military Alliance’, Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in the United States of America (15.12.15), http://embassies.mofa.gov.sa/sites/usa/EN/PublicAffairs/Statements/Pages/Joint-Statement-on-the-Formation-of-the-Islamic-Military-Alliance.aspx.Google Scholar

Kalin, S. ‘Saudi Arabia Winds Down 15-Month Anti-Corruption Campaign’, Reuters (30.01.19), www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-arrests-idUSKCN1PO2O1.Google Scholar

Kamrava, M. ‘Mediation and Saudi Foreign Policy’, Orbis 57:1 (2013), 159.Google Scholar

Karouny, M. ‘Saudi Edges Qatar to Control Syrian Rebel Support’, Reuters (31.05.13), www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-saudi-insight-idusBre94u0ZV20130531.Google Scholar

‘Khamenei Declares Assad “Hero of the Arab World” during Syrian Dictator’s Surprise Iran Visit’, New Arab (25.02.19), www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2019/2/25/khamenei-declares-syrian-dictator-hero-of-the-arab-world.Google Scholar

‘Khamenei Says Iran’s Duty to Defend Syria’s Assad’, New Arab (02.03.18), www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2018/3/1/khamenei-says-irans-duty-to-defend-syrias-assad.Google Scholar

Khatib, L. ‘Hezbollah’s Ascent and Descent’, Turkish Policy Quarterly 14:1 (2015), 105–11.Google Scholar

‘King Salman Vows to Continue Yemen Campaign’, Al Arabiya (28.03.15), https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/28/King-Salman-arrives-in-Egypt-for-Arab-summit-.Google Scholar

Knights, M. ‘The Houthi War Machine: From Guerrilla War to State Capture’, CTC Sentinel, Washington Institute (September 2018), p. 17.Google Scholar

‘KSA to Finance Morocco Projects Worth $1.25 bn’, Arab News (18.10.12).Google Scholar

Lawrence, T. E. ‘Faysal’s Table Talk’, Reort to Colonel Wilson, January 8, 1917, FO 686/6, pp. 121.Google Scholar

‘Leader’s Speech to Members of Ahlul Bayt World Assembly and Islamic Radio and TV Union’, Khamenei.ir (17.08.15), http://english.khamenei.ir/news/2109/Leader-s-speech-to-members-of-Ahlul-Bayt-World-Assembly-and-Islamic.Google Scholar

‘Learn Lesson from Saddam’s Fate: Ahmadinejad’, Mehr News (16.03.11).Google Scholar

‘Lebanese PM Hariri Resigns, Saying He Fears Assassination Plot’, BBC (04.11.17), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-41870406.Google Scholar

‘Lebanese Split along Religious Lines in Views on Saudi Arabia and Iran’, Pew Research (06.01.16), www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/07/the-middle-easts-sectarian-divide-on-views-of-saudi-arabia-iran/ft_15-01-06_saudiarabia_iran_lebanon/.Google Scholar

‘Lebanon Apologizes to Saudi over Nasrallah Speech’, World Bulletin (08.11.15), www.worldbulletin.net/middle-east/lebanon-apologizes-to-saudi-over-nasrallah-speech-h157564.html.Google Scholar

لقاء اليوم- المخلافي :من يصدق صالح والحوثي ‘واهم (Liqa alyoum- al-Mikhlafi: mun yosadeq Saleh u al-Houthi Wahem [Today’s meeting – al’Mikhlafi: Who believes Saleh and al-Houth are ‘the most important’]) (20.11.15), www.youtube.com/watch?v=p4xcrxJDGhI.Google Scholar

الشيخ عبد الرحمن السديس كلمته عن الحرب في اليمن (lShaykh Abdul Rahman al-Sudais Kalimathu ‘an Alharab fi Alyaman [Sheikh Abdul Rahman al-Sudais, his speech on the war in Yemen]) (28.11.15), https://youtu.be/yBKF7eYXusk.Google Scholar

Lynch, Colum, et al. ‘Can a Young Saudi Prince End the War in Yemen?’ Foreign Policy (20.11.19).Google Scholar

Mably, R. and Evans, D. ‘Interview – Saudi Says Yemen Strikes Show Arab Resolve to Act Alone’, Reuters (22.04.15), https://in.reuters.com/article/yemen-security-saudi/interview-saudi-says-yemen-strikes-show-arab-resolve-to-act-alone-idINL5N0XJ2JZ20150422.Google Scholar

Macdonald, N. ‘CBC Investigation: Who Killed Lebanon’s Rafik Hariri’, CBC News (21.09.10), www.cbc.ca/news/world/cbc-investigation-who-killed-lebanon-s-rafik-hariri-1.874820.Google Scholar

Macfarquahar, N. ‘Behind Lebanon Upheaval, 2 Men’s Fateful Clash’, New York Times (20.03.05).Google Scholar

MacGinty, R. and Hamieh, C. S.. ‘Lebanon Case Study’, in Harmer, A. and Martin, E. (eds.), Diversity in Donorship: Field Lessons (ODI, Humanitarian Policy Group, 2010), Report 30, 39–48, www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/5876.pdf p40.Google Scholar

Majed, R. ‘Lebanon and Iraq in 2019: Revolutionary Uprisings Against ‘Sectarian Neoliberalism’, TNI Longreads (27.10.21), https://longreads.tni.org/lebanon-and-iraq-in-2019?fbclid=IwAR0o4MQi_a1BSYjYhe3BzKTKgSJSBvpodn2brxSfNfrhM1miOHiOGfBbz8w.Google Scholar

Malmvig, H. and Fakhour, T. ‘Takes of the Unexpected: Will the Lebanese Uprising Stay Clear of Attempts at Geopolitization?’ POMEPS: Sectarianism and International Relations (03.20), https://pomeps.org/tales-of-the-unexpected-will-the-lebanese-uprising-stay-clear-of-attempts-at-geopolitization-1.Google Scholar

Mansour, R. ‘In Life and Death, Iraq’s Hisham al-Hashimi’, Chatham House (01.08.20), www.chathamhouse.org/publications/the-world-today/2020-08/life-and-death-iraqs-hisham-al-hashimi.Google Scholar

Mansour, R. ‘Networks of Power: The Popular Mobilization Forces and the State in Iraq’, Chatham House (2021).Google Scholar

‘Mavaze 14 Mars by mozoue Arabistan Saudi gereh khordeh [The Positions of March 14 Are Tied to the Saudi Position], Fars News Agency (29.04.08).Google Scholar

Mazzetti, M. and Apuzzo, M, ‘U.S. Relies Heavily on Saudi Money to Support Syrian Rebels’, New York Times (23.01.16).Google Scholar

McDowell, A. and Bakr, A. ‘A Saudi King Aims for New Sunni Bloc vs Iran and Islamic State’ Reuters (05.03.15), www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-mideast-brotherhood-idUSKBN0M127N20150305.Google Scholar

Memri (01.04.16.).Google Scholar

Mehr (Iran) (15.01.14).Google Scholar

Milani, M. ‘Tehran’s Take’, Foreign Affairs 88:4 (2009), 88.Google Scholar

Muir, J. ‘Historic Saudi-Syrian Beirut Visit Shows Arab Concern’, BBC News (31.07.10), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10825228.Google Scholar

Mukhashaf, M. ‘Southern Yemen Separatists Want Saudi-Backed Government Overthrown’, Reuters (21.01.18), https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-yemen-security-southerners/southern-yemen-separatists-want-saudi-backed-government-overthrown-idUKKBN1FA0WT.Google Scholar

Naar, I. ‘Bahrain Condemns Beirut Hosting Press Conference for “Hostile Personnel”’, Al Arabiya (12.12.21), https://english.alarabiya.net/News/gulf/2021/12/12/Bahrain-condemns-Beirut-hosting-press-conference-for-hostile-personnel-.Google Scholar

‘Nabil Rajab li Aafaq: al-Tabqa al-hakima bil Bahrayn tumaris al-t’athiir did al-Shi’a’ (Nabil Rajab to Aafaq: Bahrain’s Ruling Class Practices Apartheid Against Shi’ites), al-Aafaq (26.10.08).Google Scholar

نصيحة لأهل اليمن فى مواجهة الحوثيين – ربيع بن هادى المدخلى (Nasiha lahl Alyaman fi Mwajhet al-Houthiyyn- Rab’i Hadi al-Madkhali [Advice to the People of Yemen in the Face of the Houthis – Rabie bin Hadi al-Madkhali]) (08.11.14), https://youtu.be/b4r3ecxN7l8.Google Scholar

N. N. ‘Ma Taquluh Washington wa Dimashq ‘an Muhadathat Burns’, al-Nahar (14.09.04).Google Scholar

‘Nasrallah: ISIS Is a “Real Existential Danger” to the Whole Region’, Al Akhbar (15.08.14), http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/21153.Google Scholar

‘Nasrallah: ISIS Would Be in Beirut If Not for Hezbollah Intervention in Syria’, Al Akhbar (17.06.14), http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/20207.Google Scholar

Nasr, M. ‘Hizbullah Implemented the Operation Professionally, Israel Is Floundering’, al-Diyyar [Beirut] (06.01.15).Google Scholar

National Legislative Bodies/National Authorities, Iraq: Resolution No. 666 of 1980 (nationality), 26 May 1980, www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6b51d28.html.Google Scholar

Nawar, I. ‘Untying the Knot’, al-Ahram Weekly, No. 625 (2003), http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/archive/2003/625/sc5.htm.Google Scholar

Naylor, H. “‘Rivals Tehran, Riyadh Pledge Billions to Lebanon’s Army,”’, Washington Post (04.11.14), www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/rivals-tehran-riyadh-pledge-billions-to-lebanons-army/2014/11/03/1505b9d4-9cb4-4f22-af4a-d5a9ab867e5c_story.html.Google Scholar

Nehme, D. ‘Top Saudi Cleric Says Iran Leaders Not Muslims as haj row mounts’, Reuters (07.09.16), www.reuters.com/article/us-saudi-iran-mufti/top-saudi-cleric-says-iran-leaders-not-muslims-as-haj-row-mounts-idUSKCN11D0HV.Google Scholar

Nerguizian, A. ‘Assessing the Consequences of Hezbollah’s Necessary War of Choice in Syria’, Centre for Strategic and International Studies (17.06.13), http://csis.org/publication/assessing-consequences- hezbollahs-necessary-war-choice-syria.Google Scholar

Nichols, M. ‘Latest Houthi Missile “Bears Hallmarks” of Iran Arms Attacks: U.S.’, Reuters (19.12.17), www.reuters.com/article/us-yemen-security-saudi-usa/latest-houthi-missile-bears-hallmarks-of-iran-arms-attacks-u-s-idUSKBN1ED2PC.Google Scholar

Niethammer, K. ‘Voices in Parliament: Debates in Majlis, and Banners on Streets: Avenues of Political Participation in Bahrain’, Mediterranean Programme Series, EUI RSCAS (2006/7), https://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/6224, p. 17.Google Scholar

‘No Changes in Border with Yemen, Says Prince Khaled’, Arab News (07.03.10), www.al-monitor.com/pulse/politics/2013/08/saudi-russia-putin-bandar-meeting-syria-egypt.html#ixzz2d5UVLSNv.Google Scholar

‘Nokhostin Mosaahebe-ye Tafsili-ye Rahbaraan-e Asa’ib Ahl Haq Dar Iran [First Detailed Interview of Asa’ib Ahl Haq Leaders in Iran]’, Fars News Agency (02.09.14), www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=13930811000718.Google Scholar

An Open Letter, The Hizbullah Programme, www.cfr.org/terrorist-organizations-and-networks/open-letter-hizballah-program/p30967.Google Scholar

Orkaby, A. ‘Yemen’s Humanitarian Nightmare: The Real Roots of the Conflict’, Foreign Affairs 96:6 (2017), 93–101.Google Scholar

Osborn, A. ‘Russia Uses Iran as Base to bomb Syrian Militants for First Time’, Reuters (16.08.16).Google Scholar

Phillips, C. ‘Sectarianism as Plan B’, in Mabon, Simon (ed.), Saudi Arabia and Iran: The Struggle to Shape the Middle East (SEPAD, 2018) www.sepad.org.uk/report/sectarianism-as-plan-b-saudi-iranian-identity-politics-in-the-syria-conflict.Google Scholar

Pierret, T. ‘The Reluctant Sectarianism of Foreign States in the Syrian Conflict’, USIP (18.11.13), www.usip.org/sites/default/files/PB162.pdf.Google Scholar

Pincus, W. ‘US Military Urging Iraq to Rein In Guard Force’, Washington Post (25.12.06), www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/24/AR2006122400551.html. [accessed 2 August 2015].Google Scholar

Pollock, D. and Ali, A, ‘Iran Gets Negative Reviews in Iraq, Even from Shi’ites’, Policywatch blog, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Policy #1653 (04.05.10).Google Scholar

Qudat, B. ‘Making up at Last’, Al-Ahram Weekly (19–25.02.09).Google Scholar

Rayhab News, ‘Iran: General Nowi-Aghdam Urges Recruits to Fight in Syria as Assad Stumbles’, Islam Media Analysis (06.15).Google Scholar

‘Record Protest Held in Beirut’, BBC News (14.03.05), http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4346613.stm.Google Scholar

‘Refrain from Using Social Networking Sites’ Appeal’, Gulf Daily News (20.02.11), www.gulf-daily-news.com/ArchiveNews Details.aspx?date=02/20/2011&storyid=300029.Google Scholar

Reidar, V. ‘Religious Allegiances Among Pro-Iranian Special Groups in Iraq’, CTC Sentinel, 4:9 (2011), 5–8.Google Scholar

‘Report – One Year Later: Assessing Bahrain’s Implementation of the BICI Report’ (2012), https://pomed.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/One-Year-Later-Assessing-Bahrains-Implementation-of-the-BICI-Report.pdf Google Scholar

Staff, Reuters, ‘Iran’s Zarif Says Saudi, UAE Want “to Fight Iran to the Last American”’, Reuters (20.09.19).Google Scholar

Staff, Reuters, ‘Lebanon’s Hezbollah Condemns Gulf States for “Terrorist” Label’, Reuters (03.03.16), www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-lebanon-hezbollah-idUSKCN0W51RB.Google Scholar

Ricks, T. E. ‘What Would a Saudi-Iran War Look Like? Don’t Look Now, but It Is Already Here’, Foreign Policy (28.12.17), http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/12/28/what-would-a-saudi-iran-war-look-like-dont-look-now-but-it-is-already-here-3/.Google Scholar

Riedel, B. ‘The Return of Prince Bandar: Saudi’s New Spy Chief’, Brookings Institution (23.07.12).Google Scholar

‘Riyadh Pushing for a Strong Independent Iraq’, Reuters (17.08.17), https://gulfnews.com/world/mena/riyadh-pushing-for-a-strong-independent-iraq-1.2075708.Google Scholar

Roston, A. ‘A Middle East Monarchy Hired American Ex-Soldiers To Kill Its Political Enemies. This Could Be The Future Of War’ (BuzzFeed News, 16.10.18), www.buzzfeednews.com/article/aramroston/mercenaries-assassination-us-yemen-uae-spear-golan-dahlan.Google Scholar

‘Rouhani Praises Iran’s Role in Ensuring Security in Iraq’, speech given by Hassan Rouhani at shrine of Imam Reza, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran News Network/BBC Monitoring (06.09.14).Google Scholar

Ryan, C. ‘The New Arab Cold War and the Struggle for Syria’, Middle East Report 262 (2012), 28–31.Google Scholar

Sadeghi-Boroujerdi, E. ‘Head of Ammar Strategic Base: Syria is Iran’s 35^th Province: If We Lose Syria We Cannot Keep Tehran’, Al Monitor – Iran Pulse (14.02.14).Google Scholar

Salisbury, P. Federalism, conflict and fragmentation in Yemen (SAFERWORLD: October 2015), p 12.Google Scholar

Salisbury, P. Yemen: National Chaos, Local Order (Chatham House, 20.12.17).Google Scholar

Salloulkh, B. F. ‘The Sectarian Image Reversed: The Role of Geopolitics in Hezbollah’s Domestic Politics’, POMEPS Studies 38 (2020), https://pomeps.org/pomeps-studies-38-sectarianism-and-international-relations.Google Scholar

Salloukh, B. ‘Syria and Lebanon: A Brotherhood Transformed’, Middle East Research and Information Project 35 (Fall 2005).Google Scholar

Samaha, N. ‘Hezbollah’s Death Valley’, Foreign Policy (03.03.16).Google Scholar

‘Sanaa is the Fourth Arab Capital to Join the Iranian Revolution’, MEMO (27.09.14), www.middleeastmonitor.com/20140927-sanaa-is-the-fourth-arab-capital-to-join-the-iranian-revolution/.Google Scholar

‘Saudi Ambassador in U.S. Speaks on Military campaign in Yemen’, Al Arabiya (26.03.15), http://english.alarabiya.net/en/webtv/reports/2015/03/26/Video-Saudi-ambassador-in-U-S-speaks-on-military-campaign-in-Yemen.html.Google Scholar

‘Saudi Arabia’s Aid Halt to Lebanon is Justified’, Khaleej Times (15.12.21), www.khaleejtimes.com/editorials-columns/saudi-arabias-aid-halt-to-lebanon-is-justified.Google Scholar

‘Saudi Arabia Condemns Ongoing Iranian Regional Interference and Aggression’, Embassy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Brussels (09.11.16), http://ksaembassy.be/en/saudi-arabia-condemns-ongoing-iranian-regional-interference-aggression/.Google Scholar

‘Saudi Arabia Intercepts Missiles from Yemen Heading over Riyadh’, Financial Times, www.ft.com/content/6fe57680-536c-11e8-b24e-cad6aa67e23e.Google Scholar

‘Saudi Arabia to Provide Jordan with $487 mln for Development Projects, Jordan News Agency (28.11.12).Google Scholar

‘Saudi Arabia Recalls Ambassador to Syria’, BBC (08.08.11), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14439303.Google Scholar

‘#SaudiCables: Ring-wing Lebanese Christian Leader Asked Saudis for Money’, New Arab (n.d.), https://english.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2015/6/22/saudicables-right-wing-lebanese-christian-leader-asked-saudis-for-money.Google Scholar

‘Saudis Cut Off Funding for Military Aid to Lebanon’, New York Times (20.02.16), www.nytimes.com/2016/02/20/world/middleeast/saudis-cut-off-funding-for-military-aid-to-lebanon.html.Google Scholar

‘Saudi FM Urges Joint Arab Strategy on Iran’, Al-Arabiya (03.03.09).Google Scholar

‘Saudi King Eyes End to Syrian Killing, Pulls Ambassador’, Reuters (07.08.11), www.reuters.com/article/syria-saudi-idUSL6E7J70FP20110807.Google Scholar

‘Saudis Held Briefly by Yemeni Rebels’, Arab News (25.04.10).Google Scholar

‘Saudis Not Competent to Run Islam’s Holy Mosques’, The Office of the Supreme Leader (09.07.16), www.leader.ir/en/content/16203/The-Leader’s-meeting-with-families-of-Mina-and-Grand-Mosque-tragedies-in-Saudi-Arabia.Google Scholar

‘Section 6 Islam and Resistance: The New Hezbollah Manifesto’ (11.09), www.lebanonrenaissance.org/assets/Uploads/15-The-New-Hezbollah-Manifesto-Nov09.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Saudi’s Jubeir: “Too Early” to Reopen Syria Embassy’, Al Jazeera (04.03.19), www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/03/saudi-foreign-minister-early-reopen-syria-embassy-190304184023059.html.Google Scholar

‘Saudi-Iran “Proxy Wars” Play Out in Embattled Lebanon’, France24 (31.10.21), www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211031-saudi-iran-proxy-wars-play-out-in-embattled-lebanon.Google Scholar

Schneider, T. ‘The Decay of the Syrian Regime Is Much Worse Than You Think’, War on the Rocks (31.08.16), http://warontherocks.com/2016/08/the-decay-of-the-syrian-regime-is-muchworse-than-you-think/.Google Scholar

‘Security and Stability Top Priorities Now, Foreign Minister Says’, Bahrain News Agency (29.03.11).Google Scholar

Shiban, B. ‘Brothers in Arms – Dissecting Iran-Houthi Ties’, The Brief (2.11.18), https://the-brief.co/brothers-in-arms-dissecting-iran-houthi-ties/?fbclid=IwAR3p8Ymp-NQKa37mY5b-5k89ETpYCfWLy0CspCll_MRHtxD9-dJGy2bcZg0.Google Scholar

Shokair, M. ‘Russia Assures Arab Capitals of Curbing Iran Influence in Syria Before Normalization’, al-Sharq al-Awsat (23.01.19), https://aawsat.com/english/home/article/1558211/russia-assures-arab-capitals-curbing-iran-influence-syria-normalization?utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=facebook&fbclid=IwAR29MCNwYHSt1-yHmpMH7FKuOHDMwqkFLbevwu8QGm-6beYwGPeWa3DQaA8.Google Scholar

Sobh-e Sadeq (Iran) (01.26.14).Google Scholar

‘A Statement by Bahraini Youth for Freedom’, CNN (11.02.11), http://ireport.cnn.com/docs/DOC-554209.Google Scholar

‘Statement to the Security Council on Missions to Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia and Kenya and an update on the Oslo Conference on Nigeria and the Lake Chad Region’, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (10.03.17), https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ERC_USG%20Stephen%20O%27Brien%20Statement%20to%20the%20SecCo%20on%20Missions%20to%20Yemen%2C%20South%20Sudan%2C%20Somalia%20and%20Kenya%2C%20and%20update%20on%20Oslo%20Conference%20-%2010%20March%202017.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Stop Meddling’ Call to Tehran’, Gulf Daily News (31.03.11).Google Scholar

Swisher, C. and Hearst, D.. ‘Exclusive: Saudi Crown Prince Wants out of Yemen War, Email Leak Reveals’, Middle East Eye (16.08.17), www.middleeasteye.net/news/exclusive-saudi-crown-prince-wants-out-yemen-war-email-leak-reveals).Google Scholar

‘Syria’s Assad Visits Iran, Meets Khamenei’, Radio Free Europe (25.02.19), www.rferl.org/a/syria-s-assad-visits-iran-meets-khamenei/29790299.html.Google Scholar

Syria Comment, ‘Sanctions on the Table’, Al-Arabiya (05.03.09).Google Scholar

Syria Comment, ‘Saudis and Syrians … Brothers or Rivals?’, al-Hayat (05.03.07).Google Scholar

‘Syria Conflict: Cleric Qaradawi Urges Sunnis to Join Rebels’, BBC News (01.06.13), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-22741588.Google Scholar

‘Syrian Army “Resumes Shelling Dier al-Zour”’, BBC (08.08.11), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14441323.Google Scholar

‘Syrian Opinions and Attitudes Towards Sectarianism in Syria – Survey Study’, The Day After (22.02.16), http://tda-sy.org/en/publications/english-sectarianism-in-syria-survey-study.html.Google Scholar

‘Syrian Opposition Leader Interview Transcript’, Wall Street Journal (02.12.11), http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203833104577071960384240668.html.Google Scholar

‘Syria Regime Repays War Debt by Awarding Iran Huge Construction Contract’, New Arab (25.02.19), www.alaraby.co.uk/english/news/2019/2/25/syria-regime-repays-ally-iran-with-huge-construction-project.Google Scholar

Telhami, S. Anwar Sadat Chair for Peace and Development University of Maryland/Zogby International 2006 Annual Arab Public Opinion Survey (08.02.07).Google Scholar

‘Text of Bush Speech’, CBS News (01.05.03), www.cbsnews.com/news/text-of-bush-speech-01-05-2003/.Google Scholar

‘UAE, Oman and Bahrain to Resume Flights to Syria’, Middle East Monitor (14.01.19), www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190114-uae-oman-and-bahrain-to-resume-flights-to-syria/.Google Scholar

‘UAE Reopens Syria Embassy in Boost for Assad’, Reuters (27.10.18), www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-emirates-idUSKCN1OQ0QV.Google Scholar

United Nations Security Council, Resolution 2201 (2015), http://unscr.com/en/resolutions/doc/2201.Google Scholar

UN Security Council Resolution 1559 (02.09.04), www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/ sc8181.doc.htm.Google Scholar

UN Security Council, ‘Security Council Unanimously Endorses Findings of Investigation into Murder of Rafik Hariri, Calls for Syria’s Full Unconditional Cooperation’, United Nations (31.10.05), www.un.org/press/en/2005/sc8543.doc.htm.Google Scholar

‘US Intercepts Multiple Shipments of Iranian Weapons Going to Houthis in Yemen’, CNN (28.10.16), www.sabanews.net/en/news339378.htm.Google Scholar

‘The U.S’s Claims about Fighting Terrorism Are Really Ludicrous: Ayatollah Khamenei’, Khamenei.ir (26.09.18), http://english.khamenei.ir/news/5967/The-U-S-s-claims-about-fighting-terrorism-are-really-ludicrous.Google Scholar

‘U.S. Officials: Iran Supplying Weapons to Yemen’s Houthi Rebels’, NBC News (27.10.16).Google Scholar

‘Voice of the Masses Radio’, Baghdad, Iraqi News Agency (04.03.80), in FBIS (6 March 1980).Google Scholar

Wahab, S. ‘Missile Attack on Riyadh “An Act of War” by Iran’, Arab News (07.11.17), www.arabnews.com/node/1189476/saudi-arabia.Google Scholar

Watkins, A., Grim, R., and Ahmed, A. S.. ‘Iran Warned Houthis Against Yemen Takeover’, Huffington Post (20.04.15), www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/iran-houthis-yemen_n_7101456.Google Scholar

‘Weapons Bound for Yemen Seized on Iran Boat: Coalition’, Reuters (30.09.15).Google Scholar

Wehrey, F. et al. Saudi-Iranian Relations since the Fall of Saddam: Rivalry, Cooperation, and Implications for U.S. Policy (Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2009).Google Scholar

‘Wide Variation in Favorability of Saudi Aabia and Iran in the Middle East’, Pew Research (n.d.), www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/01/07/the-middle-easts-sectarian-divide-on-views-of-saudi-arabia-iran/ft_16-01-06_saudiarabia_iran/.Google Scholar

Wikas, S. ‘The Damascus-Hizbullah Axis: Bashar al-Asad’s Vision of a New Middle East’, Washington Institute (29.08.06), www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-damascus-hizballah-axis-bashar-al-asads-vision-of-a-new-middle-east.Google Scholar

Wilkin, S. ‘Shi’ites across the Middle East Decry Execution of Saudi cleric’, Reuters (03.01.16), www.reuters.com/article/saudi-security-shiites/shiites-across-the-middle-east-decry-execution-of-saudi-cleric-idINKBN0UG0CQ20160103.Google Scholar

Wood, J. ‘Saudi Arabia Cancels $4bn Aid Package for Lebanon’s Security Forces’, The National (19.02.16).Google Scholar

Wood, P. ‘Life and Legacy of King Fahd’, BBC (01.08.05), http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4734505.stm.Google Scholar

Wong, E. ‘U.S. Faces Latest Trouble with Iraqi Forces: Loyalty’, New York Times (06.03.06), www.nytimes.com/2006/03/06/world/americas/06iht-military.html?pagewanted=all.Google Scholar

Wright, R. and Baker, P. ‘Iraq, Jordan See Threat to Election from Iran: Leaders Warn against Forming Religious State’, Washington Post (08.12.04), www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A43980-2004Dec7.html.Google Scholar

‘Yemen: From Civil War to Ali Abdullah Saleh’s Death’, Al Jazeera (05.12.17), www.aljazeera.com/programmes/aljazeeraworld/2017/11/yemen-north-south-divide-171129152948234.html.Google Scholar

‘Yemen Rebel Missile Fired at Riyadh “Bears Hallmarks” of Iran’, BBC News (20.12.17), www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-42421289.Google Scholar

‘Yemen, South Sudan, Somalia and Kenya and an Update on the Oslo Conference on Nigeria and the Lake Chad Region’, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (10.03.17), https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/ERC_USG%20Stephen%20O%27Brien%20Statement%20to%20the%20SecCo%20on%20Missions%20to%20Yemen%2C%20South%20Sudan%2C%20Somalia%20and%20Kenya%2C%20and%20update%20on%20Oslo%20Conference%20-%2010%20March%202017.pdf.Google Scholar

‘Yemen: The Peace and National Partnership Agreement’, Jadaliyya (23.09.14), www.jadaliyya.com/Details/31248/Yemen-The-Peace-and-National-Partnership-Agreement.Google Scholar

‘Yemenis Will Not Allow Interference in Internal Affairs: Iran’, Tehran Times (08.06.11), www.tehrantimes.com/news/242067/Yemenis-will-not-allow-interference-in-internal-affairs-Iran Google Scholar

Zarif, J. M. ‘Let Us Rid the World of Wahhabism’, New York Times (09.13.16), www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.html.Google Scholar

95RIYADH712_a Iran: Meeting with Saudi Foreign Minister Saud Al-Faysal (08.02.95), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/95RIYADH712_a.html.Google Scholar

04MANAMA1814_a Saudi Statement on GCC Bilateral Agreements Concerns Bahrain (06.12.04), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/04MANAMA1814_a.html.Google Scholar

05BAGHDAD3015_a Building a House ON Shifting Sands – Iran’s Influence in Iraq’s Center-South (20.07.05), www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05BAGHDAD3015_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA24_a King Focuses on Relations with Saudi Arabia in Meeting with Ambassador (04.01.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA24_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA38_a Bahrain FTA: Full Speed ahead Despite Protests from Saudi Arabia (05.01.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA38_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA71_a Minister of Interior Discusses CT, Saudi Arabia, Iran with Ambassador (16.01.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA71_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA176_a CONTINUING SAUDI CONCERNS ABOUT BAHRAIN FTA (07.02.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA176_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA280_a Bahrain Faces Budget Crunch Following Saudi Oil Grant Cutback (01.03.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA280_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA347_a GOB Reacts to Outward Signs of Shi’a Activism during Ashura Observances (09.03.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA347_a.html.Google Scholar

05MANAMA1182_a Bahrain Expects Continued Strong Relations with Saudi, Hopes for Resumption of Oil Grant (16.08.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05MANAMA1182_a.html.Google Scholar

05PARIS2660_a Saudi Crown Prince Visit Focuses on Lebanon, Close Ties with Chirac, but Concludes No New Contracts (19.04.05), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/05PARIS2660_a.html.Google Scholar

06MANAMA4_a GCC Summit: Bahrain Focuses on Iran (02.01.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MANAMA4_a.html.Google Scholar

06MANAMA409_a Luncheon with King Hamad (15.03.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MANAMA409_a.html.Google Scholar

06MANAMA595_a U/S Joseph Discusses Iran and PSI with Bahraini FM (12.04.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MANAMA595_a.html.Google Scholar

06MANAMA1849_a King Hamad Supports Gulf Security Dialogue (01.11.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06MANAMA1849_a.html.Google Scholar

06RIYADH9_a Saudi Views on Iranian And Syrian Activities in Iraq and Elsewhere (02.01.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06RIYADH9_a.html.Google Scholar

06RIYADH3312 The Saudi Shi’a: Where do their loyalties lie? (02.05.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06RIYADH3312_a.html.Google Scholar

06RIYADH9175_a Saudi MOI Head Says if U.S. Leaves Iraq, Saudi Arabia Will Stand with Sunnis (26.12.06), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06RIYADH9175_a.html.Google Scholar

07MANAMA650_a Bahrain Reacts Angrily to Iranian Territorial Claim on Bahrain (12.07.07), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/07MANAMA650_a.html.Google Scholar

07MANAMA662_a Iranian FM Assures Bahrain of Full Respect for Sovereignty (17.07.07), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/07MANAMA662_a.html.Google Scholar

07MANAMA669_a Future of Bahrain: Ambassador’s Parting Thoughts (19.07.2007), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/07MANAMA669_a.html.Google Scholar

08BAGHDAD239_a ‘The Street Is Stronger Than Parliament:’ Sadrist Vows Opposition To Ltsr (27.01.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08BAGHDAD239_a.html.Google Scholar

08BAGHDAD2812_a Karbala: Iran Exerts Heavy Influence through Tourism Industry (02.08.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08BAGHDAD2812_a.html.Google Scholar

08BAGHDAD3994_a (C), PRT Salah Ad Din: Iranian Involvement in Samarra (21.12.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08BAGHDAD3994_a.html.Google Scholar

08MANAMA420_Shi’a and Sunni Preachers Trade Insults, Government Steps in to Muzzle Sectarian Voices (24.06.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08MANAMA420_a.html.Google Scholar

08MANAMA541_a General Petraeus’ Visit to Bahrain (13.08.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08MANAMA541_a.html.Google Scholar

08MANAMA835_a Iran: Bahraini Foreign Minister’s Visit to Tehran (28.12.08), www.wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08MANAMA835_a.html.Google Scholar

08RIYAD000768 Lebanon: Sag FM Says UN Peace Keeping Force Needed (14.05.08), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH768_a.html.Google Scholar

09MANAMA438_a Bahrain’s Shi’a Opposition: Managing Setarian Pressures and Focusing on 2010 Parliamentary Elections (22.07.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09MANAMA438_a.html.Google Scholar

09MANAMA642_a General Petraeus with King Hamad: Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran Nato Awacs, Energy (04.11.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09MANAMA642_a.html.Google Scholar

09MANAMA651_a Sayyid Ammar Al Hakim, Chairman of the Islamic Supreme Council In Iraq, Visits Bahrain (12.11.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09MANAMA651_a.html.Google Scholar

09RIYADH1684_a Saudis Say Syria ‘Isolated for too Long’ (30.12.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09RIYADH1684_a.html Google Scholar

09RIYADH447_a Counterterrorism Adviser Brennan’s Meeting with Saudi King Abdullah (22.03.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09RIYADH447_a.html.Google Scholar

09SANAA1628_a Saada Conflict: A Proxy War of Words between Iran, Saudi Arabia (02.09.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09SANAA1628_a.html.Google Scholar

09SANAA1662_a Iran in Yemen: Tehran’s Shadow Looms Large, but Footprint is Small (12.09.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09SANAA1662_a.html.Google Scholar

09SANAA2186_a Who Are The Houthis, Part Two: How Are They Fighting? (09.12.09), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/09SANAA2186_a.html.Google Scholar

10BAGHDAD22_a Iraqi Views on Events in Iran and Impact on Iraq (05.01.10), https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/10BAGHDAD22_a.html.Google Scholar

Doc12139 The Saudi Cables, https://wikileaks.org/saudi-cables/doc12139.html.Google Scholar

Doc32628 The Saudi Cables, www.wikileaks.org/saudi-cables/doc32628.html.Google Scholar

Doc53032 The Saudi Cables, www.wikileaks.org/saudi-cables/doc53032.html.Google Scholar

Doc110212 The Saudi Cables, www.wikileaks.org/saudi-cables/doc110212.html.Google Scholar

Doc105956 The Saudi Cables, https://wikileaks.org/saudi-cables/doc105956.html.Google Scholar

Book contents

Bibliography

Summary

Access options

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Book contents

Bibliography

Summary

Access options

References

Primary Sources

Secondary Sources

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive