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Chapter 13 - Sleep–wake disturbances in stroke

from Section 1 - Clinical manifestations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2012

By
Carlo W. Cereda ,
Mauro Manconi  and
Claudio L. Bassetti
Edited by
Louis R. Caplan  and
Jan van Gijn
Louis R. Caplan
Affiliation:
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
Jan van Gijn
Affiliation:
University Medical Center, Utrecht
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Summary

Sleep-wake disturbances (SWD) are frequently (20%-50%) encountered in stroke patients. Clinical symptoms include hypersomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, and insomnia. The most dramatic forms of poststroke hypersomnia are observed in patients with bithalamic paramedian stroke. The presence of SWD after stroke is associated with cognitive and psychiatric (depression, anxiety) disturbances. The recognition and diagnosis of poststroke SWD occur primarily on clinical grounds. Validated questionnaires such as the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and the Fatigue Severity Scale may help in the recognition of poststroke sleepiness and fatigue. In patients with paramedian thalamic stroke, treatment with 20-40 mg of bromocriptine may improve apathy and presleep behavior. Changes in sleep architecture depend upon: patient and health characteristics present before the stroke, topography and extent of the lesion, associated complications of stroke (e.g. SDB, fever, infections, cardiovascular disturbances, depression, anxiety), drug treatment, and time after stroke onset.

Keywords

saccadessmooth pursuitvestibular ocular reflexeye movement abnormalitiesbrainstem lesionscerebral hemispheres
Type
Chapter
Information
Stroke Syndromes, 3ed , pp. 166 - 177
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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