Chapter 17 - Frontal lobe syndromes

Summary

This chapter addresses both organizational and clinical aspects of the frontal lobes, particularly the signs, symptoms, and cerebrovascular lesion patterns. The frontal lobes comprise multiple functional entities and can be subdivided into three major divisions: primary motor, premotor, and prefrontal cortical areas. The cognitive, emotional, and behavioral domains of frontal lobe syndromes can be particularly challenging. Strokes involving the lateral primary motor and premotor cortices typically involve rostral branches (precentral and central artery) of the superior division of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Although few studies have systematically analyzed the short and long-term outcome of patients with frontal lobe strokes, it is clear that there is a substantial role for health providers in managing and supporting the recovery. Variables influencing recovery include the location and extent of the cerebral damage, associated cognitive, motor, and emotional impairments, treatment services, and supportive care.